Studies on Genetic Diversity of Marsupenaeus japonicus and Melocular Phylogenetics in Penaeidae

本文通过设计引物进行PCR扩增并测序，获得并分析了日本囊对虾(Marsupenaeusjaponicus)的线粒体基因组(mtDNA)中细胞色素b基因(Cytb)及其细胞色素C氧化酶亚基I基因(COI)部分序列，探讨了日本囊对虾北海、陵水、惠来和厦门4个群体的遗传结构特点和群体分化；并应用16SrRNA的部分序列，对对虾科(Penaeidae)13种对虾的分子系统进化进行了研究，主要结果如下： 1、在日本囊对虾120个个体530bp的Cytb基因部分序列中，共检测到75个多态位点，其中有44个简约信息位点，共定义了62个单倍型，显示了日本囊对虾较高的遗传多样性水平。在日本囊对虾577bp的C...Population genetic structure of 4 groups of Marsupenaeus japonicus (Beihai, Lingshui, Huilai, Xiamen) from neritic waters in Southeastern China Sea was investigated by molecular analysis of Cytochrome b (Cyt b)and Cytochrome oxidase I(COI) partial sequences in mitochondrial DNA. The molecular phylogenetic evolution of 13 species in Penaeidae was estimated from 16SrRNA in mitochondrial DNA. The ma...学位：理学硕士院系专业：海洋与环境学院海洋学系_海洋生物学学号：2242007115086

氟苯尼考在日本囊对虾体内的药代动力学研究

为了给养殖日本囊对虾制定正确的用药方案、确定氟苯尼考的休药期提供科学依据,应用反相高效液相色谱法(rP-HPlC)研究了氟苯尼考在日本囊对虾体内的药物代谢动力学。试验结果表明,在水温23±0.5℃,盐度29.91的条件下,氟苯尼考在肝脏、肌肉和血淋巴的平均回收率为93.37%、91.79%、91.82%;试验数据经药代动力学软件3P97分析表明,日本囊对虾采用氟苯尼考单次腹部肌肉注射,其肌肉药—时数据符合二室模型,肝脏和血淋巴药—时数据符合一室模型。其中,氟苯尼考在肝脏、肌肉和血淋巴中的主要动力学参数分别为:浓度—时间曲线的曲线下面积AuC分别为10.315、0.77、14.33(μg/g).H;药物的峰值浓度C(MAX)分别为13.03、10.46、8.031μg/g;药物浓度处于峰值时的时间TP分别为0.2044、0.22980、.6544 H;吸收半衰期分别为0.67710、.4746、0.4193 H;消除半衰期分别为3.766、16.16、4.917 H。建议在23±0.5℃的水温条件下,氟苯尼考对日本囊对虾的休药期不少于7 d。山东省高等学校优秀青年教师国内访问学者项目;公益性行业(农业)科研专项(200803012)资

河西走廊绿洲农业土地综合利用探析——以张掖市为例

以河西走廊中部的张掖市为例,进行了土地人口承载力的计算和农业内部产业效益分析。结果表明:种植粮食作物的人口承载力要远远大于畜牧业,而从农业内部不同产业综合效益分析来看,草畜业要大于种植业。考虑到土地对人口的承载力,将未来绿洲农业土地的利用模式调整为:耕地种植业和耕地草畜业的用地比例为1∶2左右;耕地种植业中,稳定口粮生产,压缩饲料粮生产,提高饲草种植比例;畜牧业中,压缩耗粮型猪禽养殖数量,发展节粮型草畜(牛、羊)的数量,提高食草性畜牧业比重;调整种植业、养殖业和农畜产品加工业结构,建立绿洲生态经济体系,实现经济、社会、生态效益的兼容

Morphological Variations of Chiloscyllium plagiosum in Different Geographical Populations Along Southern China Coast

运用4种多元分析方法对海南琼海、广东雷州、广西北海、福建平潭以及台湾屏东等5个不同地理群体条纹斑竹鲨(CHIlOSCyllIuM PlAgIOSuM)的19项特征变量进行了群体间差异分析和判别分析.分析结果显示,5个群体间有16项特征变量差异极显著(P<0.01);主成分分析得到的6个主成分对不同群体间总变异方差的贡献率分别为31.644%,14.417%,13.078%,11.499%,8.673%,6.818%,累计贡献率为86.130%;主成分分析和聚类分析结果均显示,福建平潭群体和台湾屏东群体形态最为相似,此外,广东雷州、海南琼海和广西北海3个群体间形态也较相似,但与福建平潭、台湾屏东两群体差异较大.以逐步判别法建立了条纹斑竹鲨5个群体的判别函数,判别准确率分别为:80.0%~100%(P1),85.3%~100%(P2),综合判别率达到93.4%.The white-spotted bamboo shark Chiloscyllium plagiosum is one of Chinese important economic fishes for its high yields.In recent years,biologists at home and abroad have done many researchs on the white-spotted bamboo shark,but there is still a lack of the researchs on morphological data.Studies of the genetic diversity and genetic structure of white-spotted bamboo shark in different geographical populations along southern China coast from a morphological point of view may provide improtant basic data for our white-spotted bamboo shark germplasm resource library.Four multivariation analytic methods were used to investigate the morphological variations among 5 stocks of white-spotted bamboo shark C.plagiosum collected from Qionghai in Hainan province,Leizhou in Guangdong province,Beihai in Guangxi province,Pingtan in Fujian province and Pingdong in Taiwan,respectively.ANOVA indicated that 16 morphometric proportional parameters showed significant morphological variations(p<0.01) among the 5 stocks.Through principal component analysis,6 principal components were established,with their contributory ratio being 31.644%,14.417%,13.078%,11.499%,8.673%,6.818% respectively,and the cumulative contributory ratio being 86.130%.The results of clusters analysis and principal component analysis revealed that Pingtan stock and Pingdong stock had similar morphological characters,on the other hand,those from Leizhou,Qionghai and Beihai seemed each other.Discriminant function of 5 populations were established.Discriminant accuracy ratio being 80.0%-100% for P1 and 85.3%-100% for P2,the integrative discriminant accuracy ratio being 93.4%.国家自然科学基金项目(40776083;40876080

聚合硫酸铁盐基度与絮凝性能关系的研究

通过对聚铁的絮凝性能实验研究，得出了聚铁的盐基度与其絮凝性能的关系，并通过对两种不同盐基度聚铁溶液的电动电位测定，分析了聚铁的絮凝机理

聚合硫酸铁盐基度与絮凝性能关系的研究

通过对聚铁的絮凝性能实验研究，得出了聚铁的盐基度与其絮凝性能的关系，并通过对两种不同盐基度聚铁溶液的电动电位测定，分析了聚铁的絮凝机理

不同浓度Ni、Cu 处理对骆驼蓬光合作用和叶绿素荧光特性的影响

以骆驼蓬幼苗为材料，采用盆栽试验研究不同浓度( 0、50、100、200、400 mg·kg － 1 )Ni、Cu 处理对骆驼蓬叶片光合作用、叶绿素荧光特性及生长状况的影响． 结果表明: 随着Ni浓度的增加，骆驼蓬幼苗叶片的光合色素含量、净光合速率( Pn ) 、气孔导度( Gs ) 、蒸腾速率( Tr ) 、PSⅡ最大光化学效率( Fv /Fm ) 、PSⅡ电子传递量子产率( ΦPSⅡ) 、光化学猝灭系数( qP )及各项生长指标均呈显著下降趋势，而细胞间隙CO2 浓度( Ci ) 和非光化学猝灭系数( qN ) 呈显著增加趋势，其中Pn 的下降主要是由非气孔限制所致; 骆驼蓬幼苗叶片的光合色素含量、Pn、Gs、Tr、Ci、Fv /Fm、ΦPSⅡ、qP 及各项生长指标均在50 mg·kg － 1 Cu 处理时达到峰值，叶绿素a 和b、Pn、Gs、Tr、Ci、Fv /Fm 及各项生长指标值在100 mg·kg － 1 Cu 处理时仍微高于对照，而后随Cu 浓度的增加，光合色素含量、Pn、Gs、Tr、Ci、Fv /Fm、ΦPSⅡ、qP 及各项生长指标均呈下降趋 势，qN 呈增加趋势，其中Pn 的下降主要是由气孔限制所致

Genetic Structure and Population Differentiation in Four Wild Populations of Marsupenaeus japonicus Based on Cytochrome b Gene Segment Sequence of Mitochondrial DNA

利用线粒体细胞色素b基因序列分析了4个不同地理群体(北海群体、陵水群体、惠来群体和厦门群体)的野生日本囊对虾(MArSuPEnAEuS JAPOnICuS)的群体遗传结构.以特异引物进行PCr扩增,获得了日本囊对虾530 bP的基因片段序列.序列分析结果表明,在120个日本囊对虾个体中,共检测到75个多态位点,获得62个单倍型,其中有44个简约信息位点,占整段序列的8.3%.各单倍型变异无碱基的插入或缺失,全部为转换或颠换,碱基频率含量(fA+fT)为59.4%,大于(fg+fC)(40.6%).核苷酸多态性以惠来群体最高,其它3个群体较低.群体内遗传距离为0.4 5%--2.6 0%,群体间遗传距离在0.50%--5.30%之间.采用分子方差分析(AMOVA)方法,结果显示,群体间遗传变异占总变异的69.9%,群体内的遗传变异占总变异的31.1%,群体间变异是总变异的主要来源.构建的4个群体分子系统树表明,北海群体、陵水群体和部分惠来群体由于亲缘关系较近而聚在一起,而厦门群体则和部分惠来群体聚成另一支,两支的平均遗传距离为5.17%,分化接近亚种水平,据此认为我国东南近海的日本囊对虾可以分为2个种群,2个种群的分布区域在广东惠来海域附近存在重叠.Genetic structure and population differentiation in four wild populations of Marsupenaeus japonicus,collected from Lingshui in Hainan province,Beihai in Guangxi,Huilai in Guangdong and Xiamen in Fujian,were studied in the present paper based on sequencing 530 bp cytochrome b(Cytb) gene segment.75 variable sites were identified from 120 individuals,with 62 haplotypes,and 44 were parsimony sites,accounting for 8.3% of total sequence.They were all transitional or transversional variations and no indels were found.The content of(fA+fT)(59.4%) was much more than that of(fG+fC)(40.6%).The index of nucleotide diversity in the Huilai population was the largest among the four populations.Genetic distance within the populations was from 0.45% to 2.60%,and 0.50% to 5.30% between the populations.AMOVA analysis disclosed that variation between populations accounting for 69.9% of total variation,suggesting that variations occurred between populations were the main source of the total variation.The NJ tree of the four putative populations showed the Beihai,Lingshui and part of Huilai putative populations had the closest relation among the four groups and they clustered to form one branch,while Xiamen and the rest Huilai putative populations clustered to the other,and the genetic distance of these two groups was 5.17%.Result in this study suggests that the genetic divergence between the two groups may be approached to subspecies level,and it was concluded that the M.japonicus found in southeast coast of China were separated two distinct clades representing two varieties,and the Huilai coast constitute the sympatric zone of the two varieties.农业部公益性行业科研专项(200803012