試行カウンセリング実習の可能性と考慮点の実証的検討1-体験についての予備調査

The current study was conducted to demonstrate that trial counseling was an effective training method in graduate school clinical psychology courses. Here,the results of responses to a preliminary questionnaire by trainee counselors are reported.Usually,in courses to train clinical psychologists,role-playing is undertaken before taking practical cases,in which trainees play the role of client/therapist in a single session with students of the same school. In the present study,students were required to play the role of client/therapist successively in four sessions with students from other graduate school,so that they were meeting each other for the first time. Before and after the trial counseling session, students were asked to respond to yes-no questions and provide free descriptions on the substantial effects of the training. Results indicated self-awareness in students playing the role of the counselor and contented feelings about the psychological growth of the client. These results suggest that trial counseling is an important step in preparing for practical counseling. Results also indicated that to counsel students from another school was more similar to the real situation. Moreover, to observe the counseling experience from the viewpoint of a client in counseling was an important experience for the trainees

対人関係における感受性と認知的統制

Some people are sensitive to the behavior and feelings of others. The relation between Interpersonal Sensitivity(IPS) and Cognitive Control(CC) was investigated in a college population (N=366). Responses to questionnaires indicated negative correlations between Interpersonal awareness, Separation anxiety and CC for both sexes. In women, Fragile inner-self was related to Refraining from Catastrophic Thinking, whereas it was not related to Logical Analysis.Subscales of IPS and CC indicated that high IPS(with the exception of the Need for approval) was related to low CC in women. These findings suggest that variables that are measured by the subscales of the IPS are important for using CC skills

乳児感情の解釈における女子青年の前頭前野活動

Caregiver- infant interaction, an important factor in the socio-emotional development of infants, is guided by caregivers\u27 interpretations of the infant emotions. Little is known, however, about the neural basis of the interpretation process. This study measured neural activity in the prefrontal cortex of young women as they interpreted infant emotions. Healthy female participants (N=14), who had never been pregnant, performed an emotion interpretation task and a control task. In the emotion interpretation task, participants were shown a photograph of an infant\u27s subtle facial expression and were requested to identify the emotion that the infant was expressing. . In the control task, they were asked to identify the number of dots presented on a computer screen. Oxygenated hemoglobin concentrations in the prefrontal cortex were monitored during these tasks using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Results indicated that during the emotion interpretation task, the oxygenated hemoglobin signal increased in a broad area of the prefrontal cortex and increased significantly more (p < .01) in the left orbital area compared to in the control task. These result suggest that the left orbitofrontal cortex is related to the process of interpreting infant emotions and that the functioning of this area affects the quality of caregiver-infant interactions

試験準備に活性化した自尊心と時間的距離感が及ぼす影響(2)-成績予測の経時的変化-

Self-esteem is a global representation of the self that varies in its level of activation. Self-esteem should have an influence on future prediction depending on its activation level. According to the construal level theory, temporal distance moderates the influence of the activated self-esteem. Undergraduates (n=89) participated in a panel survey on predictions about their examination performance, in which their level of self-esteem activation was manipulated. Contrary to the hypothesis, the valence of activated self-esteem did not influence predictions of the participants that were made five weeks before the exam, whereas it did influence their predictions made just after they completed the exam. It is concluded that perceived temporal distance moderated the effect of self-esteem on predictions that were made after the exam. The effects of acquiring new data on future outcomes and on contrasting optimistic predictions with the level of salient self-esteem that leads to self-verification are discussed

育児初期の母親が抱える心理的混乱への適応過程-語りの分析による質的検討-

The process by which a mother overcomes difficulties that she faces in the early stages of childrearing was investigated. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 12 such mothers. Date were analyzed, using a modified grounded theory approach. As a result, three stages, twelve categories and 37 concepts regarding this process were formulated. The three stages comprised the following periods: initial Psychologi overcoming confusion; and having overcome such confusion and internalizing the role of a mother. The difficulties that a mother faced during the first period included not only adaptation to she new circumstances of raising a child,and the existential confusion about how to live her new life. The process of a new mother overcoming her difficulties could be formulated as a process of internalizing her new role as a mother and adapting herself to this role. Moreover making future career plans and taking pride in being a mother. helped to complete this adaptation process. After it was completed,motherhood became a reality,and the role of the mother was internalized