Study on system of high-efficient microbial degradation of lignocellulosic and amylaceous materials

利用微生物将自然界中极为丰富的纤维素类和淀粉类物质降解为单糖，再合成或转化为菌体蛋白等食物和乙醇或氢等能源物质，对缓解人类目前所面临的粮食短缺与能源危机，降低环境污染，实现经济的可持续发展战略等有重要的意义． 从自然环境中筛选到具有较高分解淀粉能力的菌株ST-j2，经16SrRNA序列分析，确定该菌株为类黄假单胞菌．该菌株对淀粉分解和产糖的合适条件为：pH5.0，40℃．在好氧条件下，1mg的菌体能够在48h内将10g可溶性淀粉（10％，W/V）分解90％以上，糖化率达25％．在以地瓜粉和玉米粉为分解底物时，获得了与可溶性淀粉相近的分解率和糖化率．类黄假单胞菌ST-j2降解淀粉的能力比日本根...T he natural lignocellulose and starch can be degraded by microbe into glucose which can subsequently be synthesized into food such as SCP(single cell protein) or converted into energy source such as ethanol or hydrogen gas. Such a process is significant when applied to ease up food supplies shortage, put off energy source crisis, debate environmental pollution and realize the strategy of sustain...学位：理学硕士院系专业：生命科学学院生物学系_微生物学学号：20012603

The influence of upwelling and water mass on the ecological group distribution of zooplankton in Zhejiang coastal waters

依据2010年4月、7月和11月对浙江中部近海上升流海域进行的海洋调查资料,运用定量、定性方法,探讨了上升流对该海域浮游动物生态类群分布的影响。结果表明:3个季节共鉴定浮游动物64种,桡足类占主要优势,包括5个生态类群,分别是暖温带近海种、暖温带外海种、亚热带近海种、亚热带外海种和热带大洋种。在种类数组成上,春季以暖温带近海种为主,夏季则是亚热带近海种和亚热带外海种居多,秋季也是亚热带种居多,其中夏季暖温带种种类数要高于春季和秋季,这一现象与同时期东黄海沿海有所不同,主要是由于上升流将一些在海洋底部度夏的暖温种带至海洋表面造成的。此外,3个季节生态类群都是以近海种为主,表明沿岸流是影响这一海域的最主要的水团。在丰度组成上,4月暖温带近海种占总丰度的98.79%,7月暖温带近海种也是组成丰度的重要部分,10月则是亚热带近海种丰度最高。丰度组成所反映的规律与种类数组成规律一致。上升流的存在导致夏季近海暖温带种大量出现,是影响这一海域浮游动物生态类群组成的重要因素;受长江径流和椒江径流的影响,近海种成为主要生态类群,是这一海域浮游动物的一个重要的生态特征。The Zhejiang region experiences coastal upwelling characterized by low temperatures and high salinities throughout the year but particularly during the summer months.The upwelling in this area brings nutrients from the bottom to the surface,providing nutrients for large numbers of breeding plankton.The large quantities of zooplankton are a major food source for many fish and consequently the offshore waters of Zhejiang are productive fishing grounds.Another effect of the upwelling is that temperate warm water species that normally occur in deeper waters and offshore species are taken along with the current resulting in shifts in local zooplankton species composition and changes to the ecological structure and function of this group.This research was based on data from three oceanographic surveys in the offshore waters of the Yushan fishery during April,July and November of 2010.Using quantitative and qualitative methods,the primary aim of this paper was to examine the influence of upwelling on the ecological distribution of zooplankton in this area.A total of 64 species mainly dominated by copepods were identified which were classified into five major ecological groups including coastal temperate warm water species,offshore temperate warm water species,coastal subtropical water species,offshore subtropical water species and oceanic tropical water species.Coastal temperate warm water species were prevalent in spring,coastal subtropical water species and offshore subtropical water species in summer and subtropical species in autumn.The higher abundance of temperate warm water species such as Calanus sinicus,Paracalanus parvus and Sagitta nagae in summer relative to spring and autumn was primarily caused by the upwelling that transported these species from the bottom to the surface.This phenomenon is very different from the hydrodynamic processes that occur in the East and Yellow China Seas.Additionally,coastal species were the dominant zooplankton group,which means that coastal currents have the greatest influence on species composition in these waters.According to the research of Hu Dun-Xin,the main power of the Zhejiang coastal upwelling comes from the upward movement of subsurface water from the Kuroshio current as it follows the continental shelf.The subsurface water of the Kuroshio current runs southeast to northwest and shifts to the east forming an upwelling when it is blocked by the Chen Island Archipelago.With low temperatures and high salinities,the subsurface water of the Kuroshio current carries temperate warm water species and offshore species.As a result,during periods of coastal upwelling temperate warm water species are carried to the surface from the bottom,producing the unusual phenomenon were the number of temperate warm water species in summer is higher than in spring and autumn,contrary to the situation in other areas that have similar climatic conditions.In terms of abundance,coastal temperate warm water species accounted for 98.79% of the zooplankton in April and also a large proportion in July,whereas coastal subtropical water species were the dominant zooplankton group in October.Upwelling leading to the appearance of large numbers of temperate warm water species is a key factor affecting the ecological composition of zooplankton in these waters.The dominance of coastal species that are influenced by Jiao-Jiang runoff was a prime ecological characteristic of zooplankton in this region.国家自然科学基金项目(40776077); 国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)项目(2010CB428705

Degradation of Rice Straw by Aspergillus glaucus Mutant and integration with Biohydrogen Production

对灰绿曲霉(Aspergillus glaucus)突变株EU7-22进行单因子和正交实验,确定菌株利用稻草产纤维素酶的液态发酵优化组合条件为:稻草粉3%、蛋白胨0.5%、温度35℃、起始pH 5。在优化条件下培养4~5 d可达到产酶高峰。利用优化培养后的酶液水解稻草粉产糖,在最适条件下,稻草粉酶解反应24 h后,糖化率可达49%。利用稻草粉做底物,EU7-22和产氢克雷伯氏菌HP1联合发酵,1 g稻草粉可产氢23.7 mL。The optimal conditions for cellulase production of Aspergillus glaucus mutant strain EU7-22 was achieved as follows: rice straw powder quantity 3%,peptone quantity 0.5%,original pH 5,and temperature 35℃,by orthogonal experiments.The strain reached its maximum cellulose activity after 4~5 days fermentation.When the cellulase was applied for saccharification of rice straw,a saccharification rate of 49% was obtained after 24h hydrolysis.The saccharification liquid was subsequently used for hydrogen production.A yield of 23.7 mL H2/g rice powder was acquired when using Klebsiella oxytoca HP1 as the hydrogen producer.国家“863”计划项目(2001AA515040);; 福建省重点科技项目(2005I016);; 厦门市科技项目(3502Z20041070

Screening and Characterization of a High Cellulase Producing Strain Aspergillus glaucus XC9

从霉变的玉米芯中筛选到一株高产纤维素酶的菌株,经 18S rRNA基因序列分析和菌株形态特性分析,确定该菌株为灰绿曲霉(Aspergillus glaucus).利用固体纤曲培养产生纤维素酶,研究了培养基起始pH值、培养温度、培养时间、接种量、氮源、稻草粉与麸皮比例、表面活性剂等对菌株产酶的影响.在最适条件下菌株培养 72 h后,羧甲基纤维素酶(CM Case)活力高达6 812 U/g(干曲,下同),滤纸酶活力(FPA)达172 U/g.利用该菌株对蔗渣进行分解,其糖化率达36.4%.国家 863 计划项目(2001AA515040);中匈政府间科技合作项目 ( 3502Z20031108 ) ;厦门市科技项目(3502Z20041070

低浓度氢氟酸体系中MIBK萃取分离钽铌的研究

开展了低浓度氢氟酸体系中MIBK萃取分离钽铌的研究,考察了萃取时间、萃取相比、氢氟酸浓度、钽铌浓度、钽与铌质量比对萃取分离过程的影响。结果表明,在始氢氟酸浓度0.5mol/L、钽铌总浓度60g/L、萃取相比(O/A)为5、钽与铌质量比2的条件下萃取5min可获得最佳的钽铌分离效果,钽铌分离系数高达50 000

新疆盐湖形成演化成盐环境研究

该项目首次全面系统地研究了中国最大的干旱－半干旱盐湖成盐区－新疆盐湖成盐区的自然地理环境、区域地南构造条件、盐湖成盐元素地球化学背景、盐湖分布及其成盐基本规律；盐湖卤水（含湖表卤水和晶间卤水）化学成份、水化学类型、盐湖矿物（盐类矿物、粘土矿物和碎屑矿物）种类及其矿物共生组合系列；盐湖沉积类型、盐层沉积时代、微体生物组合、盐湖沉积特征；盐湖形成演化、成盐基本规律和丰富的盐湖自然资源，包括种类繁多的盐类资源、卤水资源和生物资源及其资源的综合开发利用剪景等；阐明盐湖地区天然水（盐湖卤水、地下水、湖表水、河水、泉水、雨水、冰雪水、残余水和盐田日硒卤水等）同位素分布特征；建立盐湖沉积标准剖面，提出了蒸发成盐、热水溶液成盐、不同类型盐水兑卤和生物化学成盐等四种成盐演化模式；探讨新疆盐湖晚新世末期－全新世时期和盐湖成盐自然环境和三、四万年以来的古气候古环境和演变趋势及其对现代盐湖形成演化、成盐作用的主要影响。在全面系统研究新疆盐湖形成演化、成盐环境的过程中，突出出钾盐和硝酸盐研究，特别是硝酸钾盐的形成环境和沉积特征的研究，获得突破性进展，并有重要发现和明显创新，为盐湖学科的发展增加许多新内容