Linking Watershed Nutrient Loads and Riverine Export to Reservoir Eutrophication:The Case of Shanzai Reservoir, Fujian Province

建立流域氮磷输出、河流输送与入库通量的分析方法,以福建省山仔水库为例,基于gIS技术分析乡镇、子流域的氮磷污染分布和来源构成,识别关键源区并探讨库区水质与流域污染输出和河流输送之间的关联性。结果表明,2009年山仔流域单位面积总氮输出负荷为13.4 kg n·HM-2·A-1(生活污水和化肥流失占64%),总磷输出负荷为0.82 kg P·HM-2·A-1(畜禽养殖和生活污水占90%),入库氮、磷负荷分别为3248 T n·A-1和192 T P·A-1,其中河流输入占62%和89%,环库区面源污染贡献小于2%;不同乡镇单位面积氮输出负荷为3.54~20.0 kg n·HM-2,磷输出负荷为0.38~2.50 kg P·HM-2,其中日溪乡和霍口乡临近库区,化肥流失与畜禽养殖污染最重。上游乡镇污染较轻,但生活污水比重大(42%~84%)。皇帝洞溪子流域污染最重(19.4 kg n·HM-2;1.95 kg P·HM-2),其次是霍口溪中下游和日溪子流域。库区总氮高值出现在坝区和日溪湾汊,总磷高值在小沧至霍口溪七里入口之间,水质有明显分区,与流域污染分布、河流输送和库区沉积物的释放相关联,河流输入对库区富营养化起决定性作用。流域氮磷输出负荷比值平均为16,库区水中氮磷比值在15~20之间,意味着该生态系统处于磷的弱限制,水华爆发风险较大,建议采取“分区整治流域污染、氮磷联合削减、畜禽养殖和磷肥流失优先控制“的富营养化防控策略。A quantitative analysis of watershed nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P)loads,riverine export and other inputs to reservoir was conducted for Shanzai reservoir in Fujian Province.Spatial variation of N and P pollution and major components were interpreted at town and sub-watershed scale using GIS techniques,and the critical source area(CSA)was indentified.The linkage between reservoir water quality and watershed nutrients loading and riverine export fluxes was examined.Results revealed that total N and P loads per unit area of the Shan zai watershed were 13.4 kg N·hm-2·a-1and 0.82 kg P·hm-2·a-1,respectively.Domestic sewage and fertilizer runoff accounted for 64% of total N load,and livestock waste and domestic sewage shared 90% of total P load.Total N and P loads to the Shanzai reservoir were 3248 t N·a-1 and 192 t P·a-1,62% and 89% of which were through riverine transport and the remainder mostly from sediment release.Less than 2% of in puts were from non-point sources in the surrounding area.Town-level N and P loads per unit area ranged from 3.54~20.0 kg N·hm-2and 0.38~2.50 kg P·hm-2,respectively.Two towns(Rixi and Huokou) adjacent to the reservoir were identified as CSA of fertilizer runoff and livestock waste,while human sewage dominated the nutrient load(42%~84% of total)in other towns in the upstream area.Huangdidong subwatershed was the most polluted catchment(19.4 kg N·hm-2;1.95 kg P·hm-2),followed by the lower reaches of Huokou River and Rixi subwatershed.The high value of total N concentration was observed near the dam head and Rixi inlet,whereas high total P concentration was found in channel from Huokuo inlet to Xiaocang.The spatial variation of the nutrients level in the reservoir was highly associated with watershed nutrient loads,riverine export and sediment-water exchange,indicating that riverine input is the decisive factor contributing to eutrophication of the reservoir.The average N∶P ratio of the nutrient load was calculated as 16 for the whole watershed,which combined with the TN∶ TP ratio of 15~20 observed in reservoir surface water suggested that the reservoir ecosystem was weakly limited by P and tended to stimulate algal bloom.To mitigate eutrophication,reduction of both N and P pollution should be considered in those CSAs,with a priority given to P pollution from livestock and phosphate fertilizer loss.公益类科研院所专项(2011R1004-2); 中央高校基本科研业务费专项(厦门大学基础创新科研基金项目)(2012121053

Lesions to the Orbitofrontal Cortex Produce the Novelty-Seeking Behavior Deficits in Rats

利用旷场测试和y-迷宫测试两种行为模型检测了双侧眶额叶(OrbITOfrOnTAl COrTEX,OfC)电损伤或假损伤雄性Sd大鼠的新异性探索行为,探讨了OfC在大鼠探索新异环境中的作用。旷场测试的结果发现,OfC损伤大鼠的行走距离和直立次数较假损组有明显降低;同时,在y-迷宫测试中与假损伤组大鼠相比,OfC损伤大鼠在新异臂的访问时间和穿梭次数明显降低。提示眶额叶皮质在大鼠新异性探索行为中起着重要作用。We examined the role of the orbitofrontal cortex (ofC) on exploration of the novel environment using theopen-field and Y-maze behavioral paradigms to assess the novelty-seeking behavior of the male Sprague-Dawley ratsafter receiving bilateral electrolytic lesions of the ofC or sham lesions .In the open-field task, the rats with ofC lesionsexhibited reduced average ambulation distance and average rearing number when compared with the animals with shamlesions.Moreover, rats with ofC lesions showed less duration of visits and number of entries in the novel arm in theY-maze task than the control animals.The current findings suggest that the ofC plays an important role on thenovelty-seeking behavior in rats.国家自然科学基金项目(30470553和30770700);CASC项目(KSCX1-YW-R-33;YZ200737

福建南亚热带雨林封禁30年的群落特征

福建南靖县和溪南亚热带雨林，是我国南亚热带东段境内目前保存较完整的地带性植被类型之一，是福建南亚热带的代表植被［１，２］，于１９６２年起由国家对其作永久性封禁，今为福建省自然保护区。现将该群落特征作定量分析，并与１９６５年的群落特征［３］进行全面比较..

Hippo Signaling Suppresses Cell Ploidy and Tumorigenesis through Skp2

大多数真核生物的体细胞是二倍体，即仅含有两组染色体，分别遗传自父本和母本。而一些特定组织如心脏、肝脏等就含有多倍体细胞，特别是肝脏组织含有较高比例的四、八倍体等多倍体细胞。肝脏是人体的重要解毒器官，同时酒精、肝炎病毒等毒性物质或毒性代谢物容易诱发肝细胞的基因突变，多倍体被认为有利于提供代偿性的正常基因来维持肝脏稳态。然而肝脏受损后，多倍体细胞将会受胁迫进行增殖，再生修复受损的肝组织。因此研究机体调控多倍体细胞产生及多倍体细胞进行细胞分裂的调控机理对于理解肝癌的发病机理和肝癌的治疗至关重要。Hippo信号通路在调节组织成体干细胞的分化和增殖，调控器官再生与尺寸大小中具有重要作用。深入研究发现, Hippo信号通路下游效应分子YAP通过AKT-SKP2信号促进二倍体细胞向多倍体转化及多倍体细胞的生长增殖。本项研究阐明了Hippo缺失及YAP激活促进多倍体细胞产生及增殖作为肝癌发生发展中的一个重要机制，为肝癌诊疗提供了新的策略。 周大旺，博士，厦门大学生命科学学院教授、副院长、国家杰出青年基金获得者。【Abstract】Polyploidy can lead to aneuploidy and tumorigenesis. Here, we report that the Hippo pathway effector Yap promotes the diploid-polyploid conversion and polyploid cell growth through the Akt-Skp2 axis. Yap strongly induces the acetyltransferase p300-mediated acetylation of the E3 ligase Skp2 via Akt signaling. Acetylated Skp2 is exclusively localized to the cytosol, which causes hyper-accumulation of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27, leading to mitotic arrest and subsequently cell polyploidy. In addition, the pro-apoptotic factors FoxO1/3 are overly degraded by acetylated Skp2, resulting in polyploid cell division, genomic instability, and oncogenesis. importantly, the depletion or inactivation of Akt or Skp2 abrogated Hippo signal deficiency-induced liver tumorigenesis, indicating their epistatic interaction. Thus, we conclude that Hippo-Yap signaling suppresses cell polyploidy and oncogenesis through Skp2.该研究工作获得了国家自然科学基金委、国家重点基础研究发展计划(973)项目、青年千人计划和中央高校基本科研基金的资助。 The Yap (S127A) transgenic mice were kindly provided by Dr. Fernando Camargo from Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA. D.Z. and L.C. were supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31625010,U1505224, and J1310027 to D.Z.; 81422018, U1405225, and 81372617 to L.C.; 81472229 to L.H.), the National Basic Research Program (973) of China (2015CB910502 to L.C.), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China-Xiamen University (20720140551 to L.C. and 2013121034 and 20720140537 to D.Z.)

科学基金助推中国科学院过程工程研究所跨越发展

中国科学院过程工程研究所(以下简称"过程所")前身是1958年成立的中国科学院化工冶金研究所。建国初期,研究所为我国的化工冶金事业发展做出了突出贡献。50多年来,研究范围逐步扩展到能源化工、生化工程、材料化工、资源/环境工程等领域,学科方向由"化工冶金"发展为"过程工程"。国家自然科学基金(以下简称"科学基金")是资助我国基础研究的重要渠道之一,它支持和吸引了广大科研工作者和海外学者对自然科学基础研究

科学基金助推中国科学院过程工程研究所跨越发展

中国科学院过程工程研究所(以下简称&quot;过程所&quot;)前身是1958年成立的中国科学院化工冶金研究所。建国初期,研究所为我国的化工冶金事业发展做出了突出贡献。50多年来,研究范围逐步扩展到能源化工、生化工程、材料化工、资源/环境工程等领域,学科方向由&quot;化工冶金&quot;发展为&quot;过程工程&quot;。国家自然科学基金(以下简称&quot;科学基金&quot;)是资助我国基础研究的重要渠道之一,它支持和吸引了广大科研工作者和海外学者对自然科学基础研究的</p

产琥珀酸放线杆菌发酵生产琥珀酸的研究进展

近年来，因瘤胃微生物产琥珀酸放线杆菌Actinobacillus succinogenes具有高的琥珀酸产量，并能够利用多种碳源进行发酵等优点，在利用发酵法生产琥珀酸领域具有广泛的应用前景和商业化价值，因而其代谢途径和发酵工艺等基础研究成为国内外研发的热点。近年来，人们在产琥珀酸放线杆菌的代谢途径、琥珀酸发酵动力学模型、新型经济培养基以及高产菌株选育等方面的研究取得了很大进展，对研发琥珀酸发酵工艺、降低生产成本和节能减耗等具有重要的理论意义

产琥珀酸放线杆菌发酵生产琥珀酸的研究进展

近年来，因瘤胃微生物产琥珀酸放线杆菌Actinobacillus succinogenes具有高的琥珀酸产量，并能够利用多种碳源进行发酵等优点，在利用发酵法生产琥珀酸领域具有广泛的应用前景和商业化价值，因而其代谢途径和发酵工艺等基础研究成为国内外研发的热点。近年来，人们在产琥珀酸放线杆菌的代谢途径、琥珀酸发酵动力学模型、新型经济培养基以及高产菌株选育等方面的研究取得了很大进展，对研发琥珀酸发酵工艺、降低生产成本和节能减耗等具有重要的理论意义

“十三五”期间科研院所科学基金管理工作探索

2016年6月14日,国家自然科学基金委员会正式发布《国家自然科学基金&quot;十三五&quot;发展规划》,明确了科学基金承担支持基础研究和前沿探索、培养人才和团队、推动学科交叉等重要职责。当前形势下如何更好地发挥科学基金的作用是科研管理人员面临的新挑战。本文通过分析自然科学基金&quot;十三五&quot;发展规划文件精神,探索&quot;十三五&quot;期间科研院所科学基金管理创新工作,以期准确把握未来发展方向,充分发挥科学基金对科研院所跨越发展的推动作用。</p

产琥珀酸放线杆菌发酵生产琥珀酸的研究进展

近年来,因瘤胃微生物产琥珀酸放线杆菌Actinobacillus succinogenes具有高的琥珀酸产量,并能够利用多种碳源进行发酵等优点,在利用发酵法生产琥珀酸领域具有广泛的应用前景和商业化价值,因而其代谢途径和发酵工艺等基础研究成为国内外研发的热点。近年来,人们在产琥珀酸放线杆菌的代谢途径、琥珀酸发酵动力学模型、新型经济培养基以及高产菌株选育等方面的研究取得了很大进展,对研发琥珀酸发酵工艺、降低生产成本和节能减耗等具有重要的理论意义