On Abstraction and Concretion in E-C Translation--A Case Study of the Chinese Version of Multis and Monos

翻译实践涉及的不仅是两种语言，更涉及到两种语言所代表的文化，而文化差异主要体现在思维差异上。抽象和具体则是英汉思维差异中很重要的一个方面。本人参与了美国著名科学家兼作家雨果•德•加利丝的著作--《多元人与单元人》的翻译。本篇论文以其为案例，主要从英汉思维差异的视角入手，就翻译过程中出现的抽象和具体进行初步的探讨，深入分析如何将英语中的抽象表达形象化、具体化，归纳总结了在翻译过程中所使用的翻译技巧。本文第一部分分析了思维和语言之间的关系，指出翻译活动离不开思维和语言，并列举了英汉思维差异的主要表现；第二部分追溯了造成英汉思维差异中抽象和具体的根源，以及抽象和具体在词汇和句...Translation practice involves not only the source language and the target language, but also the two cultures. The differences between English and Chinese are mainly the differences in thought patterns, one of which is that English abounds in abstract nouns and expressions, while Chinese language has more concrete expressions. Based on the translation of Multis and Monos by a famous American Scien...学位：文学硕士院系专业：外文学院英语语言文学系_英语语言文学学号：X200711001

小扭口藓(Barbula indica)芽胞发育特征的实验研究

在光照培养箱中人工对照培养小扭口藓(Barbulaindica(Hook. )Spreng)的芽胞,显微镜下观察并记录其发育成配子体的全过程。结果表明:小扭口藓芽胞在3 ~4d即可萌发; 10d左右开始分化出绿丝体、轴丝体及假根; 18d,轴丝体上的侧枝顶端细胞以分生缢割的方式产生单细胞或多细胞芽胞; 40d,轴丝体上开始出现配子体原始细胞;之后,配子体原始细胞发育成桑椹状的幼小配子体。还对芽胞形态发育、生理生态及配子体发生过程的特点进行了分析和讨论。，CN 23-1480/

反倾销行政审理中“正常价值”举证研究

申请人与受诉人的举证责任对反倾销行政主体认定正常价值的自由裁量权形成了有效的制衡。申请人在申请启动调查的举证负担中应当“表面显示”正常价值的信息;受诉人应当应用创新的“作业成本法”,在正常价值举证中精确地反映产品总成本,这是应诉方略的关键所在

Treatment characteristics of marine microalgae hydroxyl radicals in ship′s ballast water

鉴于当前尚无一种有效治理压载水中外来有害生物入侵的方法,为解决这一难题,本文采用高级氧化技术,即生成高浓度羟基溶液的方法治理船舶压载水中的海洋微生物.研究主要是利用介质阻挡强电离放电的方法,将空气中的O2和海水中H2O电离离解成.OH等氧化自由基,溶于海水中形成高浓度羟基溶液.同时,实验以羟基致死压载水中的湛江等鞭金藻、牟氏角毛藻和大肠杆菌为例进行了研究.结果表明:羟基致死微生物的阈值为0.6 Mg·l-1,主要是破坏了藻类体内的叶绿素,进而导致藻类的死亡.Currently,there is no effective method to treat the introduced algaes and bacteria in the ship′s ballast water.To solve this problem,the method of advanced oxidation technology producing high-concentration hydroxyl radical solution was used to treat marine microorganisms.With strong ionization discharge,O2 in air and H2O in seawater could be ionized and dissociated into a number of activate particles such as hydroxyl radicals(· OH),which can dissolve into seawater(a part of ballast water) to form the high concentration · OH solution.With the high reaction rate and broad-spectrum lethal characteristic,· OH radicals could kill the introduced microorganisms through dissociative radical reactions in the course of both discharging and inputting the ballast water,without the pollution by medicament.In this study,Isochrysis zhanjiangensis,Chaetoceros muelleri and Escherichia coli in ballast water were killed by · OH radicals.Results indicated that the threshold lethal concentration of · OH radicals for microorganisms in ballast water was 0.6 mg · L-1.A-chlorophyll was damaged by · OH radicals during the treatment,which resulted in the death of algaes.国家自然科学基金项目(No.50877005); 国家杰出青年科学基金项目(No.61025001); 国际科技合作项目(No.2010DFA61470); 国家高技术研究发展(863)计划(No.2012AA062609); 中央高校基本科研业务费(No.2011QN63;2012QN067)~

明线会车、隧道会车及过隧道时的高速列车动力响应

明线会车、隧道会车和过隧道工况下的气动压力波对高速列车的动力响应和运行安全产生很大影响,本文建立了三辆编组的高速列车动力学模型,通过数值仿真得到了列车在三种工况下的车体所受的气动力,基于数值积分分析了列车的动力响应和脱轨系数。研究发现:明线会车和隧道会车工况相比,车辆的侧向运动相反。明线会车和过隧道时,气动载荷对列车的脱轨系数影响较小,而隧道会车时,气动载荷作用对尾车的安全性影响较大

A preliminary study on the induction of spawning by sex pheromones in Bostrichthys sinensis

在陶瓷人工产卵管道内吊挂性外激素的研究表明,卵巢提取液对雄鱼的吸引作用大于雌鱼,而精巢和贮精囊提取液对雌鱼的吸引作用则大于雄鱼,17α-P、17α,20β-P和PGE2对雌鱼和雄鱼均具有相似的吸引作用。雌鱼在管道内的产卵次数、产卵量以及成熟卵的受精率均与产卵管道内吊挂的性外激素种类有关,17α,20β-P和PGE2两个实验组产卵次数最多,其中PGE2实验组的产卵量和受精率最高。17α-P在贮精囊和精巢提取液中的含量显著高于卵巢提取液(P精巢提取液>卵巢提取液。卵巢提取液刺激雄鱼所引起的平均EOG高于雌鱼,而精巢和贮精囊提取液刺激雌鱼所引起的平均EOG高于雄鱼,雌鱼和雄鱼对17α-P、17α,20β-P、PGE2和PGF2α刺激所产生的平均EOG,以PGE2为最高。The results obtained from fixing sex pheromones to the inside surface of the artificial ceramic spawning nests showed that ovarian extract attracted more males than females to enter the nests, while testis extract and seminal vesicle extract attracted more females than males. 17α-P, 17α, 20β-P and PGE_2 were equally effective in attracting both females and males. Spawning frequencies and the spawned egg number of females as well as fertilization rates were related to different kinds of sex pheromones. The most spawning frequencies were found in both 17α, 20β-P and PGE_2 treated groups. The greatest spawned egg number and the highest fertilization rate were observed in PGE_2 group. The levels of 17α-P in seminal vesicle extract and testis extract were significantly higher (Ptestis extract>ovarian extract. The mean EOG, stimulated by ovarian extract, was higher in males than in females, whereas the mean EOGs, stimulated by testis or seminal vesicle extract, were higher in females than in males. The mean highest EOG of both females and males in response to 17α-P,17α, 20β-P,PGE_2 and PGF_(2α) was observed in PGE_2 group.国家自然科学基金资助项目(40276040

Preparation and biological safety of basic fibroblast growth factor/double-layered collagen composite

背景:胶原特殊的分子结构和生物活性有利于多种细胞黏附、增殖和分化,并可降解为新生组织提供足够空间。目的:制备一种复合负载碱性成纤维细胞生长因子的壳聚糖-肝素纳米粒子双层胶原基复合材料,并评价其生物安全性。方法:制备交联风干胶原膜和交联冻干胶原膜。将壳聚糖-肝素纳米粒滴于交联冻干胶原膜上,再将湿态交联风干胶原膜置于复合纳米粒子的交联冻干胶原膜上风干,即碱性成纤维细胞生长因子/双层胶原基复合材料。采用急性全身毒性试验、溶血试验、热原试验和细胞毒性试验评价其生物安全性。结果与结论:碱性成纤维细胞生长因子/双层胶原基复合材料为双层结构,一侧表面致密,另一侧疏松多孔。在其中间负载碱性成纤维细胞生长因子的壳聚糖-肝素纳米粒子呈不规则球形分布于胶原膜内侧面;急性全身毒性试验、热原试验、溶血试验均为阴性,细胞毒性为0级。说明碱性成纤维细胞生长因子/双层胶原基复合材料具有良好的生物安全性,对机体无毒,符合ISO10993-1评价标准。BACKGROUND: Collagen is a common used scaffold in tissue engineering, its specific molecular structure and biological activity are conducive to a variety of cell adhesion, proliferation and differentiation, and can speed up wound healing and degradation to provide sufficient space for new tissues.OBJECTIVE: To prepare a kind of inhomogeneous double layered collagen composite incorporated with basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) loaded chitosan-heparin (CS-Hep) nanoparticles, and to evaluate its biological safety.METHODS: The air-dried dense layer collagen membranes and freeze-dried loose layer collagen membrane were prepared respectively and then cross-linked by D-ribose (termed as CAM and CFM respectively).CS-Hep nanoparticles were prepared and then dropped on the surface of CFM.The wet CAM was laid on the surface of CFM with nanoparticles, and then air dried completely at 4 ℃.The obtained material was termed as bDM.Its physical and chemical properties were investigated.In addition, its bio-safety was also examined through acute systemic toxicity, pyrogen, hemolysis and cellular toxicity tests.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The bFGF/double-layered collagen composite was made up of double layers with one dense layer (CAM) and another loose layer (CFM).As part of bDM, CS-Hep nanopartiles with irregular global shape were aligned in the scope of D-period structure of the inner surface of CFM; the bFGF/double-layered collagen composite had no systemic acute toxicity, no cytotoxicity and pyrogen reactions as well as no hemolytic effect.The bFGF/double-layered collagen composite is prepared and found to have good biocompatibility and safety.Moreover, this material conforms to the ISO 10993-1, and can be used as a basic scaffold material in tissue engineering天津市科技支撑计划重点项目(08ZCKFSF02100);博士点基金项目(20101106110042)---

核孔蛋白93在神经母细胞瘤患者中的表达及临床意义

目的基于基因表达数据库（GEO）筛选神经母细胞瘤（NB）诊断和预后相关的关键基因，探讨关键基因核孔蛋白93（NUP93）在NB患者组织中的表达及临床意义。方法从GEO数据库中获取NB基因芯片数据（GSE73517、GSE49710、GSE19274），筛选高风险组共同上调的差异表达基因（DEGs），结合R2基因组分析和可视化平台进一步分析在MYCN扩增组中共同上调的DEGs的预后价值，筛选出关键基因；最后通过免疫组织化学法（IHC）检测60例NB、25例神经节神经母细胞瘤（GNB）和26例神经节神经瘤（GN）组织中NUP93的表达水平。结果①筛选出25个高风险组共同上调的DEGs，其中10个在MYCN扩增组中高表达（P＜0.05），分别为SIVA1、NUP93、STIP1、LSM4、RAI14、MYOZ3、KNTC1、TNFRSF10B、TACC3、CEP152；生存分析显示，NUP93高表达患者总生存期显著缩短（HR=4.0，95%CI：3.0，5.3，P=1.80×10⁻³⁴）。②免疫组化结果显示，NUP93在NB组织中的表达水平高于GN和GNB（P＜0.001），且与高有丝分裂-核碎裂指数（MKI）（P=0.040）、低分化程度（P＜0.001）及MYCN表达（rs =0.793，P＜0.001）呈正相关。结论经筛选获得的关键基因NUP93的高表达与高MKI及分化程度低相关，并预示NB患儿的不良预后，可能通过调控MYCN促进肿瘤进展，有望成为NB诊断标志物及治疗靶点

SBA-15 supported vanadium oxide catalyst for selective oxidation of methane

The VOx/SBA-15 has been found to be a better catalyst for the selective oxidation of methane to formaldehyde than SBA-15-supported Mo and W oxides. The influences of catalyst support and vanadium source on catalytic performances have been studied. The results show that SBA-15 is a better support than MCM-41 and Cab-O-Sil, and the catalyst with NH4VO3 as the precursor exhibits higher performances. The addition of phosphorus has been found to enhance slightly the selectivity to HCHO. Characterizations by XRD, N-2 physical adsorption, Raman spectroscopy and H-2-TPR suggest that the supported VOx species with loading amounts lower than 3 wt% be highly dispersed (probably as monomer) and contribute to the selective oxidation of methane to formaldehyde

地方政府投资的资产效应分析

由厦门大学财政系提供的2003年国有资产监管体制与公共财政制度改革国际会议论文集21国内多数经济学者对政府投资（包括地方政府投资）的研究主要限于其需求效应方面的分析，侧重于政府投资对增加社会总需求的作用。本文则首次提出地方政府投资的资产效应概念，在此基础上构建了一个三维向量的综合评价模型，试图通过对地方经营性国有资产的存量分析来透析我国各地方政府投资的资产效率状况。通过具体的实证分析，发现我国各地方政府投资所引致的经营性国有资产存在规模扩张与结构劣化、质量不高并存的现象，而且不同地区经营性国有资产的综合质量水平存在着巨大的差异