Experimental Study on the Nonuniformity of Lapping and Polishing Thinning and Deflection Deformation of Silicon Wafer

在MEMS传感器中，制备出高性能、高灵敏、低成本的硅结构层已成为许多MEMS器件产业化的关键。研磨和抛光结合的化学及机械减薄方法具有去除速率高，面型精度好，同时又能对器件的玻璃层中开出的引线孔洞起到很好保护作用的特点，故被广泛的应用于MEMS器件结构层的制备和封装工艺中。目前我国无论是在硅片研抛均匀性还是在涉及减薄翘曲变形的基础理论和实验研究方面都相对较少，这在一定程度上制约了我国MEMS器件的产业化，为此本文针对研抛减薄中的相关问题展开了如下研究： (1)对硅片研磨减薄过程中材料去除速率非均匀性的影响因素进行了研究。根据Preston方程，从运动学角度分析了硅片研磨中材料去除速率(Mate...The preparation of high-performance, high-sensitivity, and low-cost silicon structural layer has become the key to industrialization of MEMS devices. Lapping and polishing thinning method has high removal rate, surface precision, and very good protection to device's pin holes of glass layer, so it is widely used in the process of the MEMS device structural layer preparation and encapsulation. The ...学位：工学硕士院系专业：物理与机电工程学院_机械电子工程学号：1992010115271

Discussion of Innovative Path on Cost Accounting in Modern Hospital

降低医疗成本、提高服务质量,是公立医院经营永恒的目标。成本核算是实现医院经营目标的重要手段。笔者阐述了医院成本核算的复杂性与特殊性,包括医疗服务的自身特点、国家政策和社会环境使医院成本核算基础差,不易比较和控制等特点。当前医院管理面临诸多挑战,加强医院成本核算具有重大意义。本研究就医院成本核算在医院管理中的应用做了初步探讨,并提出改进方法。The goals of hospital operation are decreasing medical cost and increasing quality of medical services.Cost accounting is an important method to achieve these goals.Including factors like the specific features of medical services,state policies and social environment lead to the fact that hospital cost have a weak basis and hard to compare and control,we illustrate the complexity and particularity of cost accounting.Facing a number of challenges,strengthening cost accounting is of great weight.We offer a preliminary account of the application of cost accounting in hospital management.福建省省属公益类科研院所基本科研专项项目(2014R1036-3

Hospital Managers Ought to Attach Importance to the Application of Hospital Management Ethics

医院管理伦理不同于医院管理道德,其具备独特的管理属性、内涵、功能、任务和目的。笔者探讨了医院管理与医院管理伦理之间的关系。当前医院管理面临诸多挑战,加强医院管理伦理建设具有重大意义。笔者就医院管理伦理在医院管理中的应用作了初步探讨,提出改进方法。Hospital management ethics is not hospital management moral,it has distinctive management attribute, connotation, function, tasks and goals.We discuss the relationship between hospital management and hospital management ethics.Because of facing a number of challenges, strengthening hospital management ethics is of great weight.We offer a preliminary account of the application of hospital management ethics in hospital management.福建省省属公益类科研院所基本科研专项项目(2014R1036-3

Direct Fabrication of Ultrafine Electrospinning Nanofiber

采用装配有疏水铜网的新型喷头研究了超细纳米纤维的制备.静电纺丝实现之前,首先对铜网进行了疏水处理,并将其安装于喷头前端.静电纺丝过程中,聚合物溶液由精密注射泵输送至喷头处.安装于喷头的铜网可将管道内的聚合物溶液分成多股细流从铜网网孔中流出.从铜网网孔流出的溶液细流受电场力作用被拉伸成多股独立射流,并从喷头携带走聚集的正电荷.受铜网表面疏水性和射流间电荷排斥力的影响,从铜网喷射出的多股射流都将保持其独立的轨迹而不会产生聚集.疏水铜网有利于减小纺丝射流的初始直径,并获得均匀的超细纳米纤维.利用新型的电纺丝喷头成功制备了直径20~80 nM的聚氧化乙烯(PEO)和聚乙烯醇(PVA)超细纳米纤维.实验结果表明,超细纳米纤维的直径随着电纺丝溶液浓度的增加而变大.A novel spinneret assembled with Cu grid was presented in this paper to fabricate ultrafine nanofiber directly.Before electrospinning,hydrophobic treatment was performed on the Cu grid,which was then fixed at the front end of spinneret.During electrospinning,the polymer solution was transferred to the spinneret by the precise syringe pump.Through the holes in the Cu grid,polymer solution flow was divided into several smaller ones.The fine liquid flow from each hole of Cu grid was stretched into individual jets by the electric field force,and the liquid jets carried away the positive charges accumulated on the spinneret.Due to the hydrophobic treatment and the charge repulsive force between charged jets,liquid jets emanated from Cu grid kept their own tracks without aggregation.The initial diameter of liquid jet was greatly decreased by the Cu grid after hydrophobic treatment,and the smaller jet led to finer uniform nanofiber.Polyethylene oxide(PEO) and polyvinyl alcohol(PVA) ultrafine nanofiber with the diameter of 20—80 nm were fabricated by this novel spinneret,and the diameter of ultrafine nanofiber increases with the increase of polymer solution concentration.国家自然科学基金重点资助项目(51035002);国家自然科学基金资助项目(50875222

Clinical effect of damage-control orthopedics in the treatment of severe pelvic fracture

目的探讨骨科损伤控制(dCO)治疗严重骨盆骨折的临床效果。方法回顾性分析本院2010年1月~2014年1月收治的201例严重骨盆骨折患者临床资料,其中采用dCO治疗的患者为试验组(n=104),未采用dCO治疗的患者为对照组(n=97),观察两组的院内死亡率、手术时间、术中失血量、术中输液总量、术后并发症发生率和6 H乳酸清除率。结果试验组、对照组分别有7例(6.7%)和22例(22.7%)死亡,死亡原因均为失血性休克和多器官功能不全综合征,两组院内死亡率比较差异有统计学意义(P=0.003)。试验组的手术时间显著短于对照组[(55.7±11.2)MIn VS(121.5±21.3)MIn,P=0.012);试验组的术中出血量、术中输液总量均显著少于对照组[(250.3±54.3)Ml VS(612.5±56.7)Ml,(4613.9±1135.4)Ml VS(8821.3±2030.4)Ml,P=0.008、0.006)]。试验组、对照组术后并发症发生率分别为17.3%和24.7%,两组比较,差异无统计学意义(P=0.262)。试验组的急性呼吸窘迫综合征发生率显著低于对照组(P=0.038)。试验组、对照组术后6 H乳酸清除率分别为21.3%和11.2%,两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P=0.004)。结论 dCO有助于提高严重骨盆骨折患者的生存率、降低急性呼吸窘迫综合征发生率。Objective To explore the clinical effect of damage-control orthopedics(DCO) in the treatment of severe pelvic fracture.Methods Clinical data from 201 patients with severe pelvic fracture from January 2010 to January 2014 were retrospectively analyzed.Patients applied DCO was classified into experimental group(n=104),and those who didn′t were categorized into control group(n=97).The hospital mortality,operative time,intraoperative amount of bleeding,intraoperative amount of transfusion,incidence rate of postoperative complication,and lactate clearance rate of 6-hour in two groups was observed respectively.Results There were 7(6.7%) and 22(22.7%) dead cases in experimental group and control group And the causes of death were hemorrhagic shock and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome.The hospital mortality between two groups displayed a statistical difference(P =0.003).The operative time in experimental group[(55.7±11.2) min] was obviously shorter than that in control group [(121.5±21.3) min](P=0.012).In experimental group,the intraoperative amount of bleeding and amount of transfusion during surgery [(250.3 ±54.3) ml and(4613.9±1135.4)ml] in control group,and it was(612.5±56.7) ml and(8821.3±2030.4) ml respectively.After comparison,the two indexes in experimental group was obviously less than that in control group(P=0.00,0.006).The incidence rate of postoperative complication in experimental group and control group was 17.3% and 24.7% respectively,which didn′t display a statistical difference(P=0.262).The incidence rate of acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS) in experimental group was obviously lower than that in control group(P=0.038).The lactate clearance rate of 6-hour after surgery was 21.3% and11.2% in the experimental group and control group with a statistical difference(P=0.004).Conclusion DCO is beneficial to improve the survival rate of patients with severe pelvic fracture and reduce the incidence of ARDS

Progress in Molecular Biological Studies of α_Tubulin in Maize (Zea mays)

自1963 年在植物细胞中发现微管以来，其研究取得了较大进展。α＿ 微管蛋白是组成微管的基本单位之一。本文综述了玉米α＿微管蛋白基因及其表达调控的研究进展The studies on microtubule have been made great progresses since microtubule was found in plant cells in 1963.Researches on the genes and the regulation of gene expression of α_tubulin in maize, a subunit of tubulin which is a major constituent of microtubule, are reviewed

Application of single poise counterweight method in adjusting grinding uniformity of silicon wafer

为提高硅片研磨的均匀性,提出了一种通过改变调节砝码位置的新方法。对单砝码配重法的原理、步骤及物理模型进行了详细的论述,并基于lAbVIEW软件对该方法进行了可视化。在精密研磨抛光机上进行实验,并用膜厚仪进行均匀性测量。结果表明:在给定的条件下使9.9 CM硅片的均匀性从单靠自重研磨的20μM提高到用配重法调节后的3μM,显著提高了硅片研磨的均匀性。单砝码配重法为解决硅片研磨均匀性问题提供了一种既精确又简便的方法。To improve the grinding uniformity of silicon wafer,this paper proposed a new approach by changing the position of poise.The principle,procedure and physical model of the single poise counterweight method were described in detail,and then the visualization of this method basing on LabVIEW software was realized.Experiment was carried out on a precision grinding and polishing machine,and the thickness uniformity was measured on the thickness monitor.Experimental results show that the uniformity of three inches silicon wafer is improved from 20 μm to 3 μm comparing to conventional deadweight grinding,so the grinding uniformity of silicon wafer is enhanced markedly.Therefore,the single poise counterweight method provides a precise and convenient way to solve the grinding uniformity problem of silicon wafer.航空科学基金(20110868001

イネ サイバイ ガクシュウ ガ ヨウジ キョウイク ニ モタラス エイキョウ ト ヤクワリ ニ カンスル ケンショウ

本研究は2013年に世田谷区立松ヶ丘幼稚園5歳児年長組を対象として実施した。幼稚園園庭のプランターを用いた「イネ栽培体験」を基軸に,園児や保護者を対象に「ポットイネの観察」を合わせた2つの活動を展開した。イネを通じた食育活動から,子どもが示した反応の記録と保護者に実施したアンケート結果を絡めて,本活動の効果や役割を検討した。子どもは,イネ栽培の導入として位置づけられる概要説明時から栽培期間,調整作業を終えるまで,イネに興味を持って積極的に向き合っていた。このことは,イネ栽培を通じた他者との関わりを含めて「楽しさ」の芽生えが作業を「遊び」にしていることに加え,植物栽培および食べ物つくりにとって格好の場である幼稚園で実施したことが要因になっていると考えられた。また,本活動によって子どもが興味を持ってイネと関わることにより植物を育てる面白さを感じ,自分のおコメを得るという目的意識の中で,責任感や連帯感,思いやりを育むといった多岐にわたる効果が得られた。This study was carried out for five-year-old children who belong to senior classes at Matsugaoka Kindergarten of Setagaya-ku in 2013. We had two programs: one was "rice cultivation study" and the other "observation of some rice cultivars in pots" in the kindergarten yard. In these dietary education programs with rice, we analyzed effects and roles from the responses of children and the questionnaire results from their parents. The children were much interested in rice cultivation throughout the primary orientation, sowing, transplanting, harvesting, processing, and others. The factors in their responses were that "fun feelings" make the cultivation works into "play", and that these programs were carried out in the kindergarten, where it was well-fitted for plant cultivation and food production. In addition, we recognized the various effects that children could find the charm in the plant cultivation by treating rice plants, and foster the sense of responsibility, solidarity and warmth, in the consciousness of the purpose of obtaining their own rice

锂离子电池三元层状氧化物正极材料失效模式分析

镍钴锰三元层状氧化物(NCM)正极材料由于其优越的综合性能在动力/储能电池系统(ESS)领域得到广泛应用。虽然Ni含量的增加可提高三元材料的比容量及电池的能量密度,但相关电池体系的容量保持率和安全性将会变差。如何有效解决该矛盾是此类NCM电池所面临的关键问题。本文从NCM电池体系循环过程中常见的体相结构破坏和正极-电解液界面组成改变两方面失效现象出发,结合近年来国内外对NCM失效模式研究中所提出的新理论、方法、应用,从机械破坏、结构演变、电化学极化、化学副反应、正负极协同效应等多个角度对NCM材料的衰退机理提出见解,对指导电池用户合理制定充放电协议、缓解电动汽车(EV)里程焦虑乃至材料设计本身均有重要的指导及借鉴意义。国家重点研发计划资助（2018YFB0104400,2018YFB0905400