新疆雪莲资源的利用、研发与保护

雪莲(Saussurea)是位于中国西部高山地区的珍稀名贵药材之一,由于疗效显著,在少数民族地区习用已久。近年来,随着在基础研究和应用开发方面的不断深入,雪莲成为一种具有广泛医疗和保健作用的新型中药品种。本文首先概述了雪莲这一珍稀物种的分类和分布情况,并从其三大营养器官———根、茎、叶和生殖器官———花、种子各自的生殖和生理特征分别阐述了雪莲对其特殊生存环境的适应机理;对近二十年来从事这方面研究的工作者分离鉴定出的雪莲有效化学成分进行了整理,以期为今后的研究工作提供一些便利和参考;雪莲诸多药理作用的总结和目前所开发的滋补品、医药制品等雪莲制品在日常生活和临床应用中的作用进一步证实了它的药用价值;身为一名从事药用植物资源研究的工作者,面对雪莲自然资源日益匮乏的局面,笔者提出了六项管理措施仅供参考;在总结前人和自己所做工作的基础上,将雪莲有待于开发或具有进一步开发潜能的八个方面罗列出来,希望和广大工作者一起努力,为我国药用植物资源的开发和利用贡献一份力量

全球生产网络下中国汽车产业升级的实证研究

对全球生产网络背景下产业升级的内涵进行分析,并结合具体评价指标和行业数据对中国汽车产业升级现状进行评价。研究结果表明,中国汽车产业在一定程度上实现了升级,但在发展过程中仍存在很多问题,例如规模效益不明显,创新能力不足等。针对这些问题,从加大整合力度、建立有效的创新激励机制等方面提出相应的对策建议。安徽大学博士科研启动经费项目(J01001319

地铁区间矿山法BIM建模标准研究

目前地铁区间针对矿山法的BIM建模标准研究相对较少,也尚未出台相关的国家标准,为BIM技术在地铁施工中全过程全工法的应用,研究和实践矿山法BIM建模标准。在工作分解结构基础上进行矿山法模型构件的拆分,结合实际施工情况得到构件类型表。将拆分的各个构件进行编码,并根据施工阶段构件模型精细度的要求,进行矿山法BIM模型的构建,使模型的信息能更加有效地表达,为地铁区间应用矿山法提供指导

国际河流开发的法律法规述评

阐述了国际河流的概念,国际水法与国际河流开发的相互关系,国际河流相关法律法规的发展历程。国际水法的合理性、严谨性与全面综合性将成为国际河流实现综合协调开发的理论基础与法律保障

Evaluation of Water Resources Carrying Capacity in the Tarim River Basin, Xinjiang

水资源承载力是一个国家或地区持续发展过程中各种自然资源承载力的重要组成部分，是自然资源承载力的一部分。它对一个国家或地区综合发展和发展规模的确定有至关重要的意义。尤其对于水资源短缺的干旱、半干旱地区，水资源承载力的分析计算和评价已成为寻求区域可持续发展道路的重要依据。 本论文对水资源承载力的研究现状和进展进行了综述，在已有研究成果的基础上，提出了主要研究内容和关键问题。围绕水资源承载力评价问题，分析了其所依据的基本理论，包括可持续发展理论，系统理论，区域经济发展理论；水资源社会经济系统是由水资源、社会、经济和生态环境系统组成的多层次复杂巨系统，通过对系统及各子系统的组成、功能、特点及构成要素的分析，研究了各构成要素与水的关系，重点分析了各子系统的用水户组成；通过对水资源承载力定义、内涵与特征分析，研究了影响水资源承载力的主要影响因素，对水资源承载力各子系统构成指标进行了筛选，建立了水资源承载力评价指标体系。结合塔里木河流域水资源及其利用特点，参照全国水资源供需分析中的指标体系和一些关于水资源评价指标体系的研究成果，从众多因素中选取了耕地灌溉率，水资源利用率、水资源开发利用程度、供水模数、需水模数，生活用水定额、人均供水量和生态环境用水率8个主要因素作为评判因素。用变异系数法求解各指标权重。与评价指标体系相适应，构建了四种水资源承载力计算的模型系统，即模糊综合评判模型、可变模糊评价模型、模糊识别理论和极大熵原理，应用这四种模型对塔里木河流域水资源承载力进行评价分析。四种模型得出的评价结果一致。对塔里木河流域5地州综合评价表明：塔里木河流域的水资源承载能力综合评价为2 级，水资源开发利用程度已较高。其中，流域行政区中的巴州、阿克苏和喀什三个地州的水资源承载能力综合评价为2 级，不容乐观，因此，重点是要加强水资源管理，提高水资源利用率。而克州和和田地区两地州情况乐观一些，评价等级为1级，水资源可利用空间还比较大，可为今后的经济发展、环境保护提供一定水源。塔里木河流域的水资源开发利用，应由耗水型经济结构向节水型经济结构转变。同时，要加强水资源的综合管理，协调好上下游之间的关系，特别注重节约用水，以便科学、合理利用流域内有限的水资源。本论文结合塔里木河流域水资源承载力分析和流域目前管理存在的问题，有针对性地从水权制度的建立、政府宏观调控、水资源统一管理等方面提出了塔里木河流域水资源可持续利用与管理策略。Water resources are one of the crucial limiting factors in regional sustainable development, especially for the arid and semiarid areas. Among these issues in water resources planning and management, the scale of socio-economy that local water resources can support for some area without deteriorating environment is significant, which has become an urgent problem in arid and semiarid regions facing serious water scarcity and relevant environmental problems recently. As a principle index of water resources security, the measurement of water resources carrying capacity is an important guidance to the sustainable development of arid and semiarid areas. Based on the reviewed newly research results, this dissertation firstly present the main contents and key issues which should be resolved in the water resources development, and then focus on the issues of water resources carrying capacity.According to the water resources carrying capacity evaluation problems, the elemental theory were analyzed, which include sustainable development theory, system theory and regional economic development theory.The water resources-social economy system is a complex-huge system consisting of water resources system, social system, economic system and ecological environment system. According to the analysis of the system and its sub-systems, the relationship between the water resources and the system’s components, functions, characteristics were studied and the analysis of water users of sub-systems were emphasized.According to the analysis of definition, meaning and character of water resources carrying capacity, the mostly influencing factors were studied and the evaluation index system was established. Based on the evaluation indexes system of China and the situation of Tarim River Basin,we choose eight indexes from many indexes to evaluate water resources carrying capacity of Tarim River Basin,which include irrigation ratio of arable land the efficiency of water resources, degree of water resources exploitation and utilization,the water supply modulus,water demand modulus, quota of domestic water use, the per capita water supply and ecological water use ratio .The eight factors have a high influence on the water resources of Tarim River Basin, and play a great role in the water resources carrying capacity evaluation of the watershed. Their weights can be calculated by the variance coefficient method .In addition, we evaluate the water resources carrying capacity for the river by means of four methods including fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model, variable fuzzy evaluation model, fuzzy identification theory and maximum entropy theory, and the results are generally identical. The results show that the evaluation grade of water resources carrying capacity in the Tarim River Basin is 2, and the current water exploitation and utilization have reached a relative high degree, and there is only a very limited remaining water carrying capacity. The evaluation grades of Bayingolin Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture ,　Aksu and Kashi Prefecture are 2, the current water exploitation and utilization have reached a relative high degree, and there is only a very limited remaining water carrying capacity. The comprehensive grade of Kizilsu Kirgiz Autonomous Prefecture and Hotan is 1. It is urgent to adopt some fundamental measures to promote the water carrying capacity. Comparing with the actual situations of Tarim River Basin, the results indicate that the research of this paper is feasible. According to the evaluation results, it is urgent to adopt some fundamental measures to promote the water carrying capacity which include setting up water rights system, macroscopical control of government and integrated management of water resources

西北干旱区内陆河流域水资源承载力的多目标层次评价

水资源承载力是一个国家或地区持续发展过程中各种自然资源承载力的重要组成部分,它对一个国家或地区综合发展和发展规模有至关重要的影响.尤其是对于水资源短缺的干旱、半干旱地区,水资源承载力的分析计算和评价已成为寻求区域可持续发展道路的重要依据。本文建立了水资源承载力评价指标体系和水资源承载力模糊综合评判模型,旨在为西北干旱区内陆河流域水资源开发利用、社会经济发展和生态环境保护规划提供决策依据

西方历史人口学前沿研究评述

历史人口学是历史学和人口学的分支学科。本文概述了这门新兴学科的7种流派，并提出非线性系统研究是未来历史人口学的发展方向

The Effects of European Banking Mergers on Banking Efficiency

文章运用银行业并购的相关理论分析欧洲银行业的并购情况,并通过格兰杰因果关系检验和误差修正模型等计量分析方法验证欧洲银行业并购与欧洲银行业效率之间的关系。This paper analyzes European banking mergers and acquisitions by using the relevant theories,then utilizes the granger causality test,error correction model and other methods in order to find the relationship between the European banking efficiency and banking mergers.2011年福建省社会科学规划项目课题(批准号:2011B228

塔里木河流域水资源生态经济管理模式的初探

塔里木河流域生态环境脆弱,经济发展相对落后,水资源短缺已成为制约流域可持续发展的主要限制因素,其中缺乏从生态经济的角度对流域水资源进行管理是造成塔里木河下游断流和生态环境劣变的主要因素之一.针对当前塔里木河流域水资源的利用状况以及管理模式的弊端,本文从生态经济的角度,提出了水资源经济价值和环境价值的管理模式和相对应的策略,以保证塔里木河流域水资源的可持续利用及经济的发展,最大限度地发挥流域水资源经济、社会与生态环境的综合效益