Hydrogen Titanate Nanotubes as Precursor to Prepare TiO2 with high Photocatalytic Activity

光催化剂TiO2由于价廉、性能高以及安全性，在大气/水污染净化治理等环保领域的应用越来越广，愈发受到重视。从Kasuga等报道了关于水热法合成钛酸纳米管以来，大比表面积和高孔体积的钛酸纳米管，由于具有独特的微结构而成为有前景的研究领域。然而钛酸纳米管结晶度很低，没有光催化活性。因此，利用钛酸纳米管为前驱体制备高光催化活性的TiO2成为近年光催化领域的挑战和热点。本文以制备高光催化活性TiO2为目的，以钛酸为前驱体，采用水热法合成F掺杂和La、F共掺杂2种体系光催化剂，光催化活性均优于P25。通过粉末X射线衍射、扫描电镜、红外光谱、光电子能谱、紫外-可见漫反射光谱以及光催化降解甲基橙溶液进行结构...Titanium dioxide (TiO2) has been attracting intense attention as photocatalyst because it has been proven to be the most suitable for widespread environmental applications, due to its cost effectiveness, high photocatalytic activities and nontoxicity. Titanate nanotubes with large specific surface area and pore volume have appeared to be a promising prospect due to their fascinating microstructure...学位：工学硕士院系专业：材料学院材料科学与工程系_材料学学号：2072008115060

钛酸纳米管前驱体水热制备TiO_2:水热媒介对结晶度及光催化活性的影响

以钛酸纳米管为先驱体,180℃24 h同一水热条件下,利用H2O、HNO3、KBF4以及HNO3+KBF4的4种水热媒介溶液,制备了高结晶度高光催化活性的TiO2,并研究了水热媒介对TiO2结晶度、表面羟基和光催化活性的影响。通过扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、红外测试(FTIR)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、紫外可见漫反射吸收光谱(UV-Vis)进行了结构表征。光催化活性通过降解甲基橙溶液进行了评价。结果表明,与其他3种媒介相比,HNO3+KBF4溶液为水热媒介制备的锐钛矿晶型TiO2,结晶度高,表面羟基含量高,因此,呈现高的光催化活性

Linking Watershed Nutrient Loads and Riverine Export to Reservoir Eutrophication:The Case of Shanzai Reservoir, Fujian Province

建立流域氮磷输出、河流输送与入库通量的分析方法,以福建省山仔水库为例,基于gIS技术分析乡镇、子流域的氮磷污染分布和来源构成,识别关键源区并探讨库区水质与流域污染输出和河流输送之间的关联性。结果表明,2009年山仔流域单位面积总氮输出负荷为13.4 kg n·HM-2·A-1(生活污水和化肥流失占64%),总磷输出负荷为0.82 kg P·HM-2·A-1(畜禽养殖和生活污水占90%),入库氮、磷负荷分别为3248 T n·A-1和192 T P·A-1,其中河流输入占62%和89%,环库区面源污染贡献小于2%;不同乡镇单位面积氮输出负荷为3.54~20.0 kg n·HM-2,磷输出负荷为0.38~2.50 kg P·HM-2,其中日溪乡和霍口乡临近库区,化肥流失与畜禽养殖污染最重。上游乡镇污染较轻,但生活污水比重大(42%~84%)。皇帝洞溪子流域污染最重(19.4 kg n·HM-2;1.95 kg P·HM-2),其次是霍口溪中下游和日溪子流域。库区总氮高值出现在坝区和日溪湾汊,总磷高值在小沧至霍口溪七里入口之间,水质有明显分区,与流域污染分布、河流输送和库区沉积物的释放相关联,河流输入对库区富营养化起决定性作用。流域氮磷输出负荷比值平均为16,库区水中氮磷比值在15~20之间,意味着该生态系统处于磷的弱限制,水华爆发风险较大,建议采取“分区整治流域污染、氮磷联合削减、畜禽养殖和磷肥流失优先控制“的富营养化防控策略。A quantitative analysis of watershed nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P)loads,riverine export and other inputs to reservoir was conducted for Shanzai reservoir in Fujian Province.Spatial variation of N and P pollution and major components were interpreted at town and sub-watershed scale using GIS techniques,and the critical source area(CSA)was indentified.The linkage between reservoir water quality and watershed nutrients loading and riverine export fluxes was examined.Results revealed that total N and P loads per unit area of the Shan zai watershed were 13.4 kg N·hm-2·a-1and 0.82 kg P·hm-2·a-1,respectively.Domestic sewage and fertilizer runoff accounted for 64% of total N load,and livestock waste and domestic sewage shared 90% of total P load.Total N and P loads to the Shanzai reservoir were 3248 t N·a-1 and 192 t P·a-1,62% and 89% of which were through riverine transport and the remainder mostly from sediment release.Less than 2% of in puts were from non-point sources in the surrounding area.Town-level N and P loads per unit area ranged from 3.54~20.0 kg N·hm-2and 0.38~2.50 kg P·hm-2,respectively.Two towns(Rixi and Huokou) adjacent to the reservoir were identified as CSA of fertilizer runoff and livestock waste,while human sewage dominated the nutrient load(42%~84% of total)in other towns in the upstream area.Huangdidong subwatershed was the most polluted catchment(19.4 kg N·hm-2;1.95 kg P·hm-2),followed by the lower reaches of Huokou River and Rixi subwatershed.The high value of total N concentration was observed near the dam head and Rixi inlet,whereas high total P concentration was found in channel from Huokuo inlet to Xiaocang.The spatial variation of the nutrients level in the reservoir was highly associated with watershed nutrient loads,riverine export and sediment-water exchange,indicating that riverine input is the decisive factor contributing to eutrophication of the reservoir.The average N∶P ratio of the nutrient load was calculated as 16 for the whole watershed,which combined with the TN∶ TP ratio of 15~20 observed in reservoir surface water suggested that the reservoir ecosystem was weakly limited by P and tended to stimulate algal bloom.To mitigate eutrophication,reduction of both N and P pollution should be considered in those CSAs,with a priority given to P pollution from livestock and phosphate fertilizer loss.公益类科研院所专项(2011R1004-2); 中央高校基本科研业务费专项(厦门大学基础创新科研基金项目)(2012121053

Analysis of Female Intellectuals in Xiamen

通过抽样调查 ,研究、了解厦门地区知识女性价值取向 ,她们对工作、婚姻、家庭的认识与态度 ,及思想观念的变化和发展 ,在此基础上对她们观念的变化进行全面综合的评价Based on a survey in Xiamen area,this article analyzes value orientation among female intellctuals,regarding attitudes toward work,marriage and family.It also evaluates changes of the value among the population

结肠镜对急性不全肠梗阻的诊断及治疗作用探讨

目的　探讨结肠镜在急性不全肠梗阻患者中的诊断与治疗作用。方法　对我院 1994年 5月～ 2 0 0 3年 4月共 5 933例肠镜检查中的 12 2例 (占 2 .0 6 % )急性不全肠梗阻患者进行回顾性分析 ,就其发病年龄分布、梗阻病因及内镜下诊断进行分析探讨。结果　本组 12 2例急性不全肠梗阻的原因包括肠癌、息肉、粪块、炎症性肠病等多种 ,其中结直肠癌共 5 0例 ,发病率最高 ,占 4 0 .98% ,且以左半结肠癌为主。肠粪石梗阻在高龄患者中发病率仅次于结肠癌。全部患者的肠镜检查结果中无假阴性或假阳性。同时结肠镜可解除非肿瘤病变如粪石、肠粘连等所致的肠梗阻。结论　结肠镜检查对急性不全肠梗阻有重要的诊断价值并可对治疗起积极指导作用

TiO_2 Photocatalytic Deactivation and Regeneration vs Adsorbed NO_3~- Concentration

通讯联系人：E-mail:[email protected][中文文摘]以乙醛作为活性标的,通过人为控制表面附着NO3-浓度,检测TiO2对乙醛的吸附能力和光催化降解能力,得出了TiO2光催化失活复活特性和表面附着NO3-浓度的定量关系。结果表明,表面附着NO3-浓度达到4.24wt%时,光催化降解能力降低50%;表面附着NO3-浓度达到10.50wt%时,TiO2的吸附能力降低50%;通过溢流状态下水洗2h,可除去98%的表面附着NO3-,使TiO2光催化活性复活。[英文文摘]The quantitative relation between deactivation and the adsorbed NO3-concentration was studied by intentionally controlling the adsorbed NO3-concentration .The photolysis ability and adsorption ability of TiO2 was detected against acetaldehyde as a probe.The results show that when the adsorbed NO3-concentration reaches 4.24wt%,photolysis ability decreases 50%;when the adsorbed NO3-concentration is 10.50wt%,the TiO2 adsorption ability decreases 50%;after water overflow-cleaning 2 h,the NO3-is removed by 98% and the photocatalytic activity is regenerated.厦门大学人才引进项目(No.0044-X12101)资助项

LAS、PCP-Na和K_2Cr_2O_7对梨形四膜虫Tetrahymena pyriformis毒性效应的研究

本文在中生态系、种群、细胞以及亚细胞四个生物学组建水平上研究了十二烷基苯磺酸钠LAS、五氯酚钠PCP-Na和K_2Cr_2O_7对原生动物（主要是梨形四膜虫）的毒性效应。1.在常德市城市污水净化－－资源化生态工程系统的中型模拟试验中，本文利用微型生物群落的结构参数（种类组成、异养性指数和多养性指数等）和功能参数（Seg、G、T_（90%））并结合理化因子的研究，水体中污染物如阴离子表面活性剂在稳定塘系统内逐级净化，最终在IV号池，其浓度达到生活饮用水水质标准，得出中型模拟池的水质从劣到优的顺序是沉淀池，II好池、III号池、IV号池。2.在种群级急性和慢性毒性试验的基础上，本文得出：PCP-Na对梨形四膜虫SI的12hr-LC_(50)为0.117ppm，K_2Cr_2O_7对梨形四膜虫SI的12hr-LC50为14.098ppm，24hr-IC_(50)为3.23ppm。3.在细胞级的毒性试验中，本文利用扫描分光光度计对梨形四膜虫SI受LAS、PCP-Na和K_2Cr_2O_7作用后，其大、小核DNA的含量进行了测试，同时检测了LAS和K_2Cr_2O_7对梨形四膜虫BJ_4“微核率”的影响。结果表明：0.14ppmLAS（小于MATC）仍然对细胞的遗传物质有损伤效应0.014ppmLAS未引起可检测的遗传学变化0.05ppm K_2Cr_2O_7（为MATC）和0.0009ppm PCP-Na（小于MATC）能四膜虫仍具潜在的遗传危害性。4.在亚细胞级的毒性试验中，本文利用电镜技术，发现虫体经药物处理后，亚显微结构显示出病变。作者发现LAS作用于四膜虫的敏感胞器是线粒体，而K_2Cr_2O_7主要损伤胞核。采用分光光度法对细胞内酶活性进行了测定，结果显示：11.31ppm LAS甚至0.14ppm LAS均能改变SDH及IDH的活性（P < 0.05）。本文对LAS对梨形四膜虫的致毒机制作了讨论

Fabrication, Structure and Characterization of Modified TiO2 and BiOI Nanomaterials

近年来，光催化材料在环境净化领域的研究和应用，引起了人们广泛的关注，其中研究最多的光催化材料为TiO2，由于它价廉、性能高以及安全性，在大气/水污染净化治理等环保领域的应用最具潜力而成为研究焦点。然而TiO2存在光子利用率低、光生电子空穴对复合迅速等缺点，限制了实际应用，需进一步改善。本文研究目的是制备高活性光催化剂，从两个方面着手：提高光生电子空穴对的利用率，采用稀土元素La掺杂和La，F共掺杂对TiO2结构进行控制；提高光催化剂对太阳能的利用，制备了一种圆环结构的可见光型光催化剂BiOI。本论文采用了新颖简易的制备方法，制备得到的3种光催化剂具体如下：①镧掺杂改性TiO2(下文中以“La-...In recent decades, photocatyst materials have attracted more and more attentions in the area of environment. Among various photocatyst materials, TiO2 have received significant interest as its low cost, high activity, safety and it has been extensively used for tackling the air/water pollution. However, their applications are limited by the low photo-quantum efficiency and the fast recombination o...学位：工学博士院系专业：材料学院_材料学学号：2072011015349

热休克诱导斑马鱼异源三倍体的研究

于 1 997年 5月在广东省珠海市采集斑马鱼和豹纹斑马鱼 ,采用热休克方法研究阻止第二极体排放诱导异源三倍体斑马鱼的适宜条件。按正交实验方案组合诱导参数 ,结果表明 :在卵受精后 2min ,采用 39℃持续处理 2min ,三倍化率可达 53.8% ,原肠期相对存活率为91 .0 % ,尾芽期相对存活率为 91 % ,孵化期相对存活率为 91 .1 %。本研究分析了热休克处理的参数与三倍体出现率和胚胎相对存活率的关系 ,并得出诱导参数中起始休克时间为重要因素 ,其次为持续时间和休克温度。本研究为构建

基因组叠加生物型的基因表达特征

采用聚丙烯酰胺梯度凝胶电泳及特异性组织化学染色技术分析了鲤、鲫及其基因组叠加的不同组合个体的红细胞ＳＯＤ． ＥＳＴ和血红蛋白的电泳图谱。结果表明不同基因组组合及不同倍性的个体间存在由基因组差异导致的生化多态性，为不同倍性的鱼类的同工酶（ＳＯＤ）表达存在基因剂量效应提供了依据，证实了不同组合的ＳＯＤ亚基间有协同表达、累积作用。研究表明每个基因有其独特的调控机制，因而在杂种三倍体内三分之一的基因组亦能够表达产物。应用本研究的遗传学数据有益于构建基因组特异性品系，这不但有助于更有效地鉴别鱼类的不同组合而且为深