Laboratory Culturing and Acquirement of the Second Filial Generation of Amphioxus

文昌鱼特殊的进化地位、简单的器官系统和终生透明的躯体等特征,使其很有希望成为一个新型实验室模式动物。要实现文昌鱼的模式动物化,实验室内全人工条件下繁殖是关键的第一步。为此,我们于2003年9月和2004年4月两次采集产于厦门海域的2种文昌鱼,开展实验室内养殖研究。经过3年多的持续实验室养殖,继2005年夏季于实验室内繁殖出子一代文昌鱼后,又在2006年夏季成功获得了这两种文昌鱼的子二代,初步实现文昌鱼在实验室内的全人工养殖。对子代文昌鱼养殖的初步观察发现,不同水温对生长发育速度有一定影响,提示有可能通过水温控制实现文昌鱼一年多次产卵的目的。目前这两种文昌鱼子二代幼体已完成变态,进入亚成体生长发育阶段,其体长分别已达14.6mm(日本文昌鱼Branchiostomajaponicum)和6.5mm(白氏文昌鱼B.belcheri)。Amphioxus is expected to be a model laboratory animal in the near future because of its important position in evolution, simplified internal organ systems and transparent body. In order to develop the animal into a new laboratory model, we sampled two species of amphioxus (Branchiostoma belcheri and B. japonicum) from Xiamen in September 2003 and April 2004. The captive lancelets were cultured in the laboratory and fed daily with unicellular algae. After three years of laboratory culturing, we successfully obtained a second filial generation of both species, meaning that a full reproductive cycle was achieved in the laboratory. Preliminary observations on the growth of the progeny indicated that warmer water temperature will speed up the growth and development of amphioxus. This hints that amphioxus probably spawns more often in the laboratory, where water temperature is controlled, than in the wild. Most of the second generation lancelets have now metamorphosed into the early sub-adult stage, and their maximum full body lengths were up to 14.6 mm (B. japonicum) and 6.5 mm (B. belcheri), respectively.国家自然科学基金(30470938和30570208);; 福建省自然科学基金(D0510002);; 厦门市科技计划重点项目(3502Z20042015)资

Mass Cultivation of Feed Organism for Amphioxus in Laboratory

运用实验生态学方法研究了海产动物重要饵料生物———叉鞭金藻(Dicrateriasp.)在室内大量培养的条件和方法。结果表明,营养盐浓度对叉鞭金藻的生长没有明显影响,以1倍浓度的F/2培养基最佳;水温21~27℃的范围都适合叉鞭金藻的培养,27℃下的生长速度和种群最终密度都高于其他温度;在实际应用中,接种密度以10×104~30×104个mL为最佳;在收获方式上,一次性培养与半连续培养的最终收获量没有显著差别,但半连续培养较一次性培养更有利于操作和减轻工作量。We have studied the condition and method for indoor mass cultivation of Dicrateria sp.,which is an important species for marine animal feeding.The results showed that concentration of nutrition salts did not obviously affect it's growth,and 1×F/2 medium would be the optimum.A range from 21 to 27 ℃was fit for the cultivation,but the growth rate and final population density at 27 ℃would be higher than those at other temperatures. Practically,an optimum inoculating density should be set between 10×10~4 and 30×10~4/mL Though hardly any difference has been shown between total harvest amounts of batch and semicontinuous cultivation,the latter is still better for simplifying manipulation and reducing workload.国家自然科学基金(30470938);; 福建省自然科学基金(D0510002);; 厦门市科技计划项

THE LABORATORY CULTURE AND REPRODUCTION of TWO IANCELETS IN XIAMEN

国家自然科学基金(30570208);教育部高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金(20070384041)资

Establishment and Characterization of a Targeting Tumor Vesseles System for Inducing Thrombosis

目的建立一种新型的靶向高效诱发肿瘤血管血栓栓塞体系磁流体-神经纤维网蛋白1抗体A6-链霉亲和素:生物素-短截型组织因子(Mf-A6-SA:b-TTf)。方法化学交联技术制备神经纤维网蛋白1抗体A6-链霉亲和素、磁流体-神经纤维网蛋白1抗体A6-链霉亲和素和生物素-短截型组织因子交联物,凝血因子X活化实验鉴定复合体系活化凝血因子X的活力,荧光显微镜技术和普鲁士蓝染色法同时观察施加外界磁场后复合体系的靶向作用,凝血实验直接观察复合体系引入链霉亲和素:生物素的生物放大效应,体内生物分布实验观察复合体系的安全性。结果成功制备磁流体-神经纤维网蛋白1抗体A6-链霉亲和素及生物素-短截型组织因子,磁流体-神经纤维网蛋白1抗体A6-链霉亲和素:生物素-短截型组织因子体系保留有高效激活凝血因子X的活性,与靶点的结合具有靶向性及高效富集性,体内实验证实能安全有效诱发肿瘤血管栓塞。结论成功制备的具有靶向诱发肿瘤血管血栓栓塞体系磁流体-神经纤维网蛋白1抗体A6-链霉亲和素:生物素-短截型组织因子为进一步探索肿瘤血管的靶向治疗奠定基础。OBJECTIVE To establish a novel targeting tumor vessels system MF-A6-SA:B-tTF for efficiently inducing thrombosis.METHODS Chemical cross-linking technique was used to prepare a cross-linking agent of the A6-Streptavidin( A6-SA),MFA6-SA and Biotein-tTF(B-tTF).FX coagulation assay was used to test MF-A6-SA:B-tTF system's FX activity.Fluorescence microscopy and prussian blue staining were used to simultaneously observe the targeting activity of MF-A6-SA:B-tTF with an external magnetic field.Hemagglutination was directly used to study the system' s biological amplification by SA /B.Biodistribution experiment was used to observe the toxicity of MF-A6-SA:B-tTF.RESULTS MF-A6-SA and B-tTF were successfully prepared.MF-A6-SA:B-tTF system could activate FX,inducing the blood coagulating cascade powerfully.MF-A6-SA:B-tTF could be accumulated to the desired target area with targeting and induce thrombosis in tumor blood vessels in vitro and in vivo.CONCLUSION The double targeting tumor vessels system MF-A6-SA:B-tTF maybe provide a basis for developing the tumor blood vessels targeting therapy.国家自然科学基金资助项目(30973485;81172970); 国家级大学生创新性实验项目(201210384134

Effect of far-infrared nanoceramics on the growth of Dicrateria sp.

单细胞藻类是鱼、虾、贝类等苗种生产的重要基础性活饵料.探索单细胞藻的培育新技术对于解决饵料藻类生产中的诸多问题具有重要的现实意义.远红外纳米陶瓷具有改变水分子团簇结构诱发生物效应的功能.本试验在叉鞭金藻(Dicrateria sp.)培养瓶中放入远红外纳米陶瓷材料一枚,其他培养条件与对照组相同,在培养结束时,置入纳米陶瓷的试验组的最高藻密度为345.3×104~397.8×104cells/cm3,而所有对照组在平台期能达到的最高藻密度为293.8×104~323.0×104cells/cm3,平均增长约20%,试验组达到最大密度的时间比对照组达到最高密度的时间提前了2~4d,试验组与对照组存在显著性差异,表明远红外纳米陶瓷可促进叉鞭金藻的生长,具有生产应用的前景.Microalgae are important foods for aquatic animals in larval breeding.It is very important to seek after new breeding technology for solving the problem during algal producing.Far-infrared nanoceramics can alter the structure of water molecular clusters,which may have affected biological functions.In the test,we applied far-infrared nanoceramic materials in Dicrateria sp.tanks with the control under the same conditions.The highest algal density was 345.3×104～397.8×104cells/cm3 in test groups while 293.8×104～323.0×104cells/cm3 in control groups,relatively.The treated groups gained 20% higher growth rate and the incubation time to the highest density was shortened by 2～4 days.The results shows a significant difference between the treated groups and controls.It indicate that nanoceramics can promote the growth of Dicrateria sp.and can be applied in algal culture.厦门市科技计划资助项目(3502Z20062006

Experimental investigation of permeability characteristics under different hydrate saturation

含固体水合物的多孔介质的渗透率是影响天然气水合物藏开采潜力的一个重要参数，多孔介质的渗透率受到水合物占据孔隙的百分比的影响，定量研究水合物的饱和度对渗透率的影响对于天然气水合物试开采工程具有重要意义。本文利用储气罐精确控制注入反应釜的甲烷气量，采用平均粒径为333.21μm的石英砂模拟多孔介质进行实验，开展了一系列不同甲烷水合物饱和度(0~35%)下液相水的渗透率的测量实验。结果表明，水合物饱和度的增加会引起渗透率逐渐下降，这与前人的研究结果一致。并且当水合物饱和度较低时(SH10%)，渗透率下降速率逐渐降低。将本实验测量结果与Kozeny颗粒模型、平行毛细管模型和Masuda下降模型[0HK.K(1.S)N，N为整数]进行对比，发现测量结果与Masuda渗透率下降模型N=13的值吻合较好

不同水合物饱和度下渗透率变化特性的实验研究

含固体水合物的多孔介质的渗透率是影响天然气水合物藏开采潜力的一个重要参数，多孔介质的渗透率受到水合物占据孔隙的百分比的影响，定量研究水合物的饱和度对渗透率的影响对于天然气水合物试开采工程具有重要意义。本文利用储气罐精确控制注入反应釜的甲烷气量，采用平均粒径为333.21μm的石英砂模拟多孔介质进行实验，开展了一系列不同甲烷水合物饱和度（0～35%）下液相水的渗透率的测量实验。结果表明，水合物饱和度的增加会引起渗透率逐渐下降，这与前人的研究结果一致。并且当水合物饱和度较低时（SH＜10%），水合物固体对多孔介质孔隙的堵塞作用更明显，所以渗透率急剧下降；而在相对高的饱和度下（SH＞10%），渗透率下降速率逐渐降低。将本实验测量结果与Kozeny颗粒模型、平行毛细管模型和Masuda下降模型0HK.K（1.S）N，N为整数进行对比，发现测量结果与Masuda渗透率下降模型N=13的值吻合较好

Distribution abundance of meiobenthos in the Taiwan Strait

Fang Shaohua, Lu Xiaomei, Zhang Yueping, Cai Lizhe, Hong Huasheng (Fujian Institute of Oceanology, Xiamen, 361012; Environmental Science Research Center, SEDC Lab, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005)国家自然科学基金重点资助项目!（编号：49636220

Studies on species composition of marine nematodes and their food types in South Taiwan Strait

1997年 8月对台湾海峡南部 4个取样站进行了海洋线虫调查 ,获得了海洋线虫 85种 ,隶属于 3目 2 5科 75属。密度较高的种有变异矛咽线虫 (Dory laimopsisvariabilis)、萨巴线虫 (Sabtieriasp .)、(Vasostomasp .1 )、(Vasostomasp .2 )和 (Xyalasp .)等 ,其平均密度分别为 1 .1 4、1 .1 2、0 .6 1、0 .87和 0 .34× 1 0 4个 /m2 ,分别占海洋线虫总平均密度的 1 1 .7%、1 1 .5 %、6 .2 %、9.2 %和 3.5 %。与其他海域相比 ,台湾海峡南部海洋线虫优势种的密度低 ,但与大型底栖动物或多毛类相比 ,海洋线虫种类多样性指数较高 ,均在 4.0以上。台湾海峡南部海洋线虫的取食类型以选择性和非选择性食沉积物者类型占多数 ,但刮食性种类也不少 ,这与台湾海峡南部沉积物类型密切相关。台湾海峡南部既有细的陆源沉积物流入 ,又有上升流、黑潮暖流等的作用而形成的较粗沉积物 ,因而构成台湾海峡南部沉积物的复杂性。Four stations were designed for investigation of marine nematodes in south Taiwan Strait in August 1997 and eighty five species were got during investigation, which belong to 3 orders, 25 families and 75 genera. The dominant species were, Dorylaimopsis variabilis, Sabatieria sp., Vasostoma sp.1, Vasostoma sp.2 and Xyala sp.. Their average densities were 1.14,1.12, 0.61 ,0.87 and 0.34 ×10 4ind./m 2 respectively, which occupied 11.7%,11.5%,6.2%,9.2% and 3.5% of total nematode density respectively. Compared with other sea waters, the densities of dominant species for marine nematode in south Taiwan Strait were low. But the species diversity index of nematode was higher than that of macrobenthos or that of polychaete in same waters. The food types of marine nematode in south Taiwan Strait mainly consist of selective deposit feeder and epistrate feeder, which closely related to the sediment. The sediment in south Taiwan Strait is coarser and more complex than that in the subaqueous delta of the Huanghe River because there are not only coastal current but also upwelling in south Taiwan Strait.国家自然科学基金重点项目资助!(496 36 2 2 0号

Studies on species composition and distribution of marine nematode communities in central and northern Taiwan Strait

:1 998年 2月对台湾海峡中北部 3个断面 1 3个取样站进行了自由生活海洋线虫调查 ,获得了海洋线虫 1 0 0种 ,隶属于 3目 2 8科 91属 .其中密度较高的种有萨巴线虫 (Sabatieriasp .1 )、变异矛咽线虫 (Dorylaimopsisvariabilis)、Vasostomasp .、花斑线虫 (Spilophorellasp .)、吞咽线虫 (Daptonemasp .)、Linhysterasp .1、吸咽线虫(Halalaimussp .1 )和 (Filoncholaimussp .)等 .虽然这些海洋线虫绝大多数只鉴定到属 ,但它们在台湾海峡是新记录 .从断面平均值看 ,海洋线虫密度由围头近海向闽江口外海降低 .从优势种分布看 ,不同取样站其密度差异很大 .海洋线虫的取食类型以选择性食沉积物者 (1A)占优 ,有 38种 ,但刮食性种类 (2A)和非选择性食沉积物者(1B)也分别为 2 9种和 2 5种 ,表明了台湾海峡中北部海洋线虫取食类型的复杂性 .文中还探讨了海洋线虫分布与海流等环境因子的关系 .Marine free living nematodes were investigated at 13 sampling stations divided into three transects in central and northern Taiwan Strait in February 1998. One hundred species of marine nematodes belonging to 3 Orders, 28 Families and 91 Genera were identified and were new records in central and northern Taiwan Strait. The dominant species in density were Sabatieria sp.1, Dorylaimopsis variabilis, Vasostoma sp., Spilophorella sp., Daptonema sp., Linhystera sp.1, Halalaimus sp.1, Filoncholaimus sp. and so on. According to the mean density at transects, marine nematode density decreased from the sea area near Weitou coast to the sea area off Minjiang Estuary, which was similar to polychaete distribution in central and northern Taiwan Strait. The selective deposit feeder (1A) was the dominant food type of marine nematodes, but non selective deposit feeders (1B) and epigrowth feeders (2A) occupied high proportion, which showed that feeding types of marine nematodes in central and northern Taiwan Strait was diverse. Some environmental factors such as marine current were discussed.国家自然科学基金!重点资助项目 (4 96 36 2 2 0 ) ;; 福建省自然科学基金!资助项目 (C9810 0 0 7