南海北部神狐海域沉积物颗粒对天然气水合物聚集的主要影响

An important parameter is the saturation of gas hydrate within the sediment pore for evaluating its impact on energy, climate and environment. So it is significant of understanding which factors affecting the saturation of gas hydrates. There is a good r

The methane hydrate accumulation controlled compellingly by sediment grain at Shenhu, northern South China Sea

An important parameter is the saturation of gas hydrate within the sediment pore for evaluating its impact on energy, climate and environment. So it is significant of understanding which factors affecting the saturation of gas hydrates. There is a good r

高通量种子切片技术研究及其在作物育种中的应用

近年来,我国在作物育种领域开始应用分子标记辅助育种,自动化种子切片机是影响育种规模的关键设备,相关技术发展非常迅速,未来将提高我国作物育种水平。文章论述了自动种子切片机在作物育种中的意义,国际、国内发展现状及其技术原理,并对我国第一套商业化育种种子切片设备的技术特点进行详细介绍,指明了我国育种种子切片设备的发展方向

激光拉曼光谱在气体水合物研究中的应用

天然气水合物是一种重要的潜在能源。用激光拉曼光谱法表征气体水合物能够为研究水合物形成机理和开采方法提供重要信息。系统介绍了激光拉曼光谱法的基本原理,综述了激光拉曼光谱仪在气体水合物微观表征上的各种实际应用。通过激光拉曼测试可分析水合物气体组成、推测结构类型,再利用经验公式或者相对定量法可计算出其大/小笼的气体占有率和水合数;利用原位拉曼技术可以观测水合物形成和分解的微观过程,解析气体分子进入和离开笼子的进程、进行水合物形成和分解过程中气体浓度变化及水合物形成过程中气体溶解度的测定,辨识水合物系统中的相变过程,进而研究水合物形成和分解动力学;激光拉曼光谱法还可用于研究超高压条件下气体水合物的结构及其变化过程。原位拉曼光谱能够对深海天然气水合物及其环境在原位进行表征;利用拉曼成像技术可以对水合物晶体表面进行系统测定,探求气体组分在晶体表面的分布。随着激光拉曼技术的发展及与其他设备联用水平的提高,激光拉曼光谱仪向便携,高灵敏度发展,能够更广泛深入地进行气体水合物微观研究

Laser Raman Spectroscopy and Its Application in Gas Hydrate Studies

Gas hydrates are important potential energy resources.Microstructural characterization of gas hydrate can provide information to study the mechanism of gas hydrate formation and to support the exploitation and application of gas hydrate technology.This a

富生烃凹陷背景下热成因气对水合物成藏的贡献探讨

近年来海域水合物的实际钻探结果显示，当富生烃凹陷具有适宜的水深、温度、压力等地质条件时，浅部沉积物往往是水合物的潜在富集区域。尽管富生烃凹陷具有优异的生排烃潜力，热成因气较为充足，为水合物的形成提供充足的气体来源，但实际调查表明浅部地层中水合物的气体组分和碳同位素更多地表现为微生物成因气或混合成因气的特征，并没有深部热成因气形成的天然气水合物广泛发育的特征。2007年和2015年在我国南海北部陆坡神狐海域白云凹陷进行了两次水合物钻探，与2007年获取的具有微生物成因特征或热成因气贡献非常小的混合成因水合物相比，在2015年钻探中，有钻孔站位的烃类组分测定揭示了较高含量的乙烷和丙烷，从而直接证实了该站位的水合物气源主要是热成因气。白云凹陷内油气钻井地球化学测试分析显示，虽然深部烃类气体受东沙运动的影响存在大规模的逃逸和散失，但部分热成因气仍然可以通过断层、底辟和气烟囱等垂向通道运移至浅部地层之中形成天然气水合物。通过两个钻探区“深部烃源层系-中部运移通道-浅部水合物矿体”三者的垂向耦合对水合物成藏的控制研究，指出通道类型和运移效能的差异可能是导致同-富生烃凹陷背景下的两个水合物矿藏存在差异的主要原因。对于2007年钻探区而言，在深部热成因气沿着效能较低的通道发生自下而上的长距离运移过程中，可能会发生气体组分分异和碳同位素分馏等作用，导致气体的地球化学更多地表现为“微生物成因气”的特征。而在2015年钻探区，由于断裂、底辟构造发育，深部热成因气可以被更有效地输送至水合物成藏沉积地层中，气体组分和同位素没有发生显著的变化

Increase the lipid production of Chlorella hirataii rapidly by genome shuffling

以日本小球藻为出发藻株,经过紫外线和甲基磺酸乙酯分别诱变处理,获得4株总脂产量有所提高的突变株。以聚乙二醇作为融合剂,对获得的突变株进行两轮递归式原生质体融合,筛选到遗传稳定的改组藻株F2C2,其总脂含量为59.01%,较原始藻株提高了101.4%。对日本小球藻的原始藻株和改组藻株F2C2的油脂含量进行分析,结果表明改组前后日本小球藻的总脂组成成分没有变化,但各组分含量有较大差别。Strain Chlorella hirataii was used as the starting strains for genome shuffling.They were mutated by UV-light and ethylmesylate separately, and four mutant strains with increased lipids yield were selected.Two rounds of genome shuffling were carried out with the four mutant strains using PEG to mediate protoplasts fusion. Finally, the Chlorella hirataii F2C2 was selected which produced lipids （59.01%）higher than the original strain by 101.4%. Compare with the original strain in the same batch,the total lipid composition of the Chlorella hirataii F2C2 didn＇ t change a lot, but there was a big gap between the content of each component.国家自然科学基金(30960215)； 广西自然科学基金(桂科青0728019)； 广西民族大学相思湖青年学者创新团队资助项

Effects of surface modification modes on proton-over-vanadium ion selectivity of Nafion®membrane for application in vanadium redox flow battery

本文采用壳聚糖-磷钨酸层对Nafion膜表面分别进行单面和双面修饰改性，研究了修饰模式对Nafion膜钒离子渗透率、电导率及离子选择性的影响. 结果表明，单面、双面修饰改性均会使Nafion膜的钒离子渗透率显著降低，最高降幅分别达到89.9% (单面修饰) 和92.7% (双面修饰)；单面、双面修饰改性均会使Nafion膜的电导率下降，但存在明显差异，在相同修饰厚度条件下，双面修饰改性对Nafion膜电导率的影响比单面修饰改性更小。因此，双面修饰复合膜展示出了比单面修饰复合膜更高的离子选择性，并且在修饰层厚度为17 μm时达到最大值（1.12×105 S•min•cm-3）. 基于优化的双面修饰Nafion膜的全钒液流电池，在充放电流密度30 mA•cm-2 时，库伦效率和能量效率分别达到93.5%和 80.7%, 并且在测试时间内展示出良好的循环稳定性.The effect of surface modification modes on proton-over-vanadium ion selectivity was studied by spin-coating chitosan-Phosphotungstic Acid (PWA) as a single or double layer on Nafion membrane surface. To suppress the vanadium ions permeation through the Nafion? membrane in a vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB), the single surface-modified Nafion membrane (Nafion/chitosan-PWA)S and double surface-modified Nafion membrane (Nafion/chitosan-PWA)D demonstrated a 89.9% and 92.7% reduction of vanadium ion permeability in comparison with pristine Nafion, respectively. The (Nafion/chitosan-PWA)D exhibited betterhigher selectivity between proton and vanadium ions than the (Nafion/chitosan-PWA)S at the same layer thickness. Furthermore, the columbic efficiency for the VRFB single cell based on the (Nafion/chitosan-PWA)D at an optimized thickness was 93.5% and the energy efficiency was 80.7% at a charge-discharge current density of 30 mA·cm-2, which wereas higher than the (Nafion/chitosan-PWA)S and pristine Nafion membrane. The modified membranes also possessed adequate chemical stability in the VRFB during charge-discharge cycling measurements.This work was financially supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51422301), Beijing Higher Education Young Elite Teacher Project (No. 29201493) and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.YWF-16-BJ-Y-68).This work was financially supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51422301), Beijing Higher Education Young Elite Teacher Project (No. 29201493) and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.YWF-16-BJ-Y-68).作者联系地址：北京航空航天大学空间与环境学院，仿生能源材料与器件北京市重点实验室，北京，100191Author's Address: Beijing Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Energy Materials and Devices, School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China通讯作者E-mail：[email protected], [email protected]