社会工作在灾后心理援助中的作用——以2009年母亲节“希望花”项目为例

目的:探讨社会工作在震后心理援助中的作用,考察手工制作丝绒康乃馨对极重灾区群众心理健康的影响。方法:采用测量和筛查创伤后应激障碍的PCL-C量表和测量一般心理症状(主要包括焦虑和抑郁)的HSCL-25为测量工具,以永兴板房区灾民70人为对象(主要是成年女性),在丝绒花制作活动前后进行两次问卷调查。结果:手工制作丝绒花活动对于缓解一般的心理症状(焦虑和抑郁)作用不大,但却显著降低了PTSD的症状,主要表现为"闪回"和"过度警觉"反应的减少。结论:诸如丝绒花的手工制作活动可以有效降低地震造成的PTSD症状

A Preliminary Study of Electrocrystallization of Bismuth on Glassy Carbon

应用循环伏安法和计时安培法研究了铋在玻碳电极上的电结晶行为.循环伏安曲线显示了铋在玻碳电极上成核的典型特征,并表明其于玻碳电极上的电结晶是一个扩散控制过程.根据计时安培法响应曲线分析阐明了铋的浓度和过电势对成核生长机理的影响.进一步的定量测试表明该成核速率常数A和活化点密度N0随过电势增加呈现指数增大规律;扩散系数D随过电势增加呈指数衰减.以上实验结果至今未见报道.同时表明:Scharifker公式和Heerman公式均可用于本实验的理论解释.The electrocrystallization of bismuth on glassy carbon electrodes (GCEs) from nitrate solutions was studied by cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry. Cyclic voltammograms exhibit a crossover between the cathodic and anodic branches, characteristic of the formation of bismuth nuclei on GCEs, and show that the bismuth electrocrystallization on GCEs is a diffusion-controlled reaction. The current transients were analyzed with the Scharifker and the Heerman equations. With the increaseof Bi~(3+)concentration, the non-dimensional plots leaned to the theoretical curve for 3D instantaneous nucleation and growth. The overpotential dependence of nucleation and growth mechanism was also found. With the increase of overpotential, the non-dimensional curve approaches closer the limit for 3D instantaneous nucleation and growth. A quantitative analysis further shows that the nucleation rate constant (A) and the number density of active sites (N_(0 )) exponentially grow with the increase of overpotential, and the diffusion coefficient (D)decays in an exponential mode, which was not reported before. A comparison between the kinetic parameter values obtained from the Scharifker equation and those from the Heerman equation was made, showing the very close N_0 and Dvalues and the distinct Avalues (especially at -300 and -350 mV). However, under the experimental conditions of this work, both of the equations can be used for describing the electrocrystallization of bismuth on GCEs.作者联系地址：中国科学院研究生院,中国科学院研究生院 化学与化工学院,北京,100049 ,化学与化工学院,北京,100049Author's Address: College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, Chin

一种Ag纳米粒子嵌入的复合材料制备与光催化性能研究

将Zn O纳米线阵列作为模板,采用射频和直流磁控溅射法,结合快速退火工艺制备了Zn O/Ti O2/Ag/Zn Se复合光催化材料。利用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪、透射电镜、紫外可见吸收光度计、拉曼谱仪等仪器分别考察了复合纳米线的形貌、结构、光学性质和催化性能。研究结果表明,在Zn Se半导体敏化和Ag纳米粒子诱导表面等离激元的共振作用下,复合材料在紫外光和可见光方面表现出了良好的光吸收性能和光催化性能

Fabrication of TiO2-based coaxial nanowires and their photocatalytic performance

随着能源危机的日益严峻和环境保护压力的不断增大，光催化降解技术作为一种环保、有效的方法引起了人们较多的关注。TiO2以其较低的成本、高催化活性和稳定性等特点，已被广泛应用于该领域。然而，TiO2属于宽带隙材料，在可见光区域光吸收能力较弱。为了提高其光吸收效率，人们主要采用贵金属修饰或窄带隙半导体敏化等方式，以提高TiO2的光响应范围。但是其单一的改良方式对TiO2的光催化性能提高有限。因此，本文通过整合贵金属修饰和半导体敏化两种改良手段，合成不同结构的TiO2基复合同轴纳米线，进一步拓宽TiO2的光响应范围，以提高其光催化降解性能。本工作为开发设计具有高效光催化结构的TiO2基复合光催化剂提供...In recent years, photocatalytic degradation has attracted much interest because of the growing awareness of energy shortage and environmental protection. Nanostructured oxide semiconductors, especially TiO2 nanocrystals or nanowires, have been widely applied because of their low cost, high photocatalytic activity, and stability. However, this type of material has a relatively wide bandgap and cann...学位：工程硕士院系专业：物理科学与技术学院_工程硕士(电子与通信工程)学号：1982013115300

Post Traumatic Disorder and Depressive Symptoms Among Survived Children Six-month After the Yushu Earthquake

目的:了解玉树震后半年时灾区小学生的创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)和抑郁症状。方法:玉树灾区某小学845名4-6年级的小学生完成了加州大学创伤后应激障碍反应指数修改版(UCLA PTSD Reaction Index)和流调中心儿童抑郁量表(CES-DC)。结果:①PTSD的筛查阳性率为12.5%,闯入症状表现最明显(67.3%)。②抑郁症状阳性率达61.7%,主要表现为积极情绪缺乏。③女生的PTSD检出率高于男生;5年级学生的抑郁阳性率高于4年级和6年级;曾目睹亲人死亡的学生PTSD检出率和抑郁阳性率都高于未曾目睹亲人死亡的学生。结论:玉树地震后灾区小学生创伤后应激障碍和抑郁检出率都较高,应特别关注女生、5年级学生和曾目睹亲人死亡的学生

Soil Respiration and Assessment of the Carbon Budget in the Process of Returning Farmland to Forest and Grassland Under Different Land Use Patterns

采用动态密闭气室法对黄土高原水蚀风蚀交错区9种土地利用方式植物生长季节内(2010年6—10月)土壤呼吸速率及其主要影响因子进行测定,分析不同土地利用方式间土壤呼吸的差异性和土壤呼吸对温度、土壤水分、叶面积指数等因子的响应,对7种土地利用方式土壤碳收支进行了估算。结果表明,植物生长季节内,不同土地利用方式下土壤呼吸速率呈多峰型变化趋势。裸地、农地、梯田农地、苜蓿地、撂荒地、长芒草地、荒草地、沙柳地、沙蒿地的土壤呼吸速率季节变化范围分别为0.18～1.05、0.30～2.08、0.50～1.71、0.53～2.78、0.26～1.08、0.39～1.93、0.30～2.27、0.43～1.43、0.39～1.26μmol·m-2·s-1。9种土地利用方式下土壤呼吸速率均与气温和5、10、15cm地温呈显著相关(P<0.05)或极显著相关(P<0.01),而与0～6cm土壤水分相关性不显著。9种土地利用方式下地温对应的Q10值均表现为15cm地温>10cm地温>5cm地温。研究区域内土壤呼吸速率与其地上植被叶面积指数呈极显著线性相关关系(r=0.679,P<0.01)

整合“心理-社会-文化”的灾后心理援助

我国真正的灾后心理援助,起始于2008年汶川大地震。当时参与灾后心理援助的主力队伍,基本上是习惯在诊室里进行心理咨询与心理治疗的"心理医生"。这些专家,往往是在求助者预约-挂号-缴费以后,在

The Evaluation of Trauma Symptoms for Children in Beichuan after Wenchuan Earthquake

道德情绪判断与归因成为当前有关儿童道德情绪和道德动机发展的研究热点之一。关于儿童道德情绪判断的发展趋势,目前的研究结果仍存在差异,但道德情绪归因总体呈现出由结果定向向道德定向发展的趋势。社会认知因素、情境因素、人格因素等都会影响儿童的道德情绪判断与归因。道德情绪判断与归因具有跨文化的差异。道德情绪判断模式与个体的道德行为之间存在显著相关。未来研究应着重考察那些有认知或行为障碍儿童的道德情绪判断与归因,同时对有效提高儿童道德情绪判断与归因的方法进行探索研究

Posttraumatic growth and related factors in junior middle school students after the Wenchuan earthquake

目的:了解汶川地震后初中生的创伤后成长状况及相关因素。方法:在汶川地震后3年,对地震灾区1665名初中生采用创伤后成长量表(PTGI)、Connor-Davidson韧性量表(CD-RISC)、儿童主观感知的社会支持问卷(CSPSSQ)、简明大五人格量表(Mini-IPIP)进行调查。结果:少数民族、住校、父母受教育程度高的学生PTGI总分高于汉族、走读、父母受教育程度低的学生(均P<0.05),神经质因子得分与PTGI总分及各因子得分均不相关。结论:初中生的心理韧性、主观感知的社会支持以及外向性、宜人性、谨慎性、开放性人格特质可能有助于产生创伤后成长。Objective： To investigate posttraumatic growth （PTG） and related factors in junior middle school students who experienced Wenchuan earthquake. Methods： A total of 1665 junior middle school students were as- sessed with Posttraumatic Growth Inventory （PTGI）, Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale （CD-RISC）, Children Sub- jective Perception of Social Support Questionnaire （CSPSSQ）, and Mini-IPIP Scales. Resdts： The students who were minorities, resident students, and with higher parents education level scored higher in PTGI （Ps 〈 0. 05）. Line- ar regression analysis showed that age was positively correlated with PTGI total score, and sub-scores of ＂relating to others＂ and ＂personal strength＂ （β =0. 06,0. 07,0. 06; Ps 〈0. 05）. The CD-RISC total scores were positively cor- related with PTGI total scores and sub-scores （β= 0. 53, 0. 37, 0. 53, 0. 55, 0. 42, Ps 〈 0. 05）. The CSPSSQ total scores were positively correlated with PTGI total scores and sub-scores of ＂relating to others＂, ＂new possibilities＂, and ＂appreciation of life scores＂ （β =0. 14, 0. 19, 0. 10, 0. 11; Ps 〈0. 05）. The Mini-IPIP Scales＇sub-scores of ＂ex- troversion＂, ＂agreeableness＂, ＂conscientiousness＂, ＂openness＂ were positively correlated with PTGI total score （β= 0.07, 0. 10, 0. 06, 01 08; Ps 〈 0. 05）. The scores of ＂neuroticism＂ were not correlated with PTGI total scores and sub-scores. Conclusion： It suggests that resilience, perceived social support, extroversion, agreeableness, conscien-tiousness, and openness might improve posttraumatic growth in junior middle school student

利用傅立叶变换和CIELab变换的FFT-LAB方法研究

结合CIELab颜色空间和傅立叶变换的优点,提出了基于傅立叶变换和CIELab变换的多源遥感影像融合方法&mdash;&mdash;FFT-LAB。实验表明,该方法优于目前的GS、PCS、Pansharp等融合方法