Developing On-site,Quick Screening Platform for Artificial Pigments in Food Using Surface-enhanced Raman Spectroscopy

已有研究表明食品加工过程中添加的人工合成色素不仅不能提供营养物质,而且可能是导致小儿多动症的来源之一,影响儿童智力发育.基于表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)原理和便携式拉曼光谱仪,提出了一种非定向的现场快速筛查方法.该方法只需对疑似含有人工合成色素的固体或液体状食品样品进行简单前处理,即可进行SERS检测.样品前处理和检测的总时长不超过15 min,检出质量浓度在1 mg/L水平,可有效满足政府职能部门的现场执法需求.除具有快速、方便、灵敏度高等特点之外,该检测方法的最大优势在于实现了未知样品的现场非定向测试:在同一种前处理过程和检测方法下,可对食品中常添加的亮蓝、胭脂红、日落黄、柠檬黄、苋菜红和诱惑红6种人工合成色素进行快速鉴定和半定量分析.As widely used additives in food processing,artificial pigments have no any nutrition but are potential sources of hyper-activity and affect the intellectual development of children.On the basis of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy( SERS) and portable Raman instrument,we developed a non-targeting,on-site and quick screening platform for artificial pigments in food matrix. SERS measurement could be carried out after the food matrix( either in solid or liquid states) being simply pretreated for 15 min.The detectable concentration is as low as 1 mg / L,a level meeting the demand of the on-site enforcement by the government.Besides the advantages of quick,easy-on-going,and high sensitivity,the most distinguished point of SERS is the non-targeting qualitative on-site detection for the typical pigment additives,including brilliant blue,carmine,sunset yellow,lemon yellow,amaranth and allura red,et al.,while both the pretreatment procedure and the SERS detection remain the same.国家自然科学基金(21473140);; 福建省高校产学合作项目(2016Y4012);; 中央高校基本科研业务费专项(2072016011

Developing fast laboratory screening platform for sulfate dioxide in food by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy

基于表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)的指纹图谱的高能量分辨率,以位于~630; cm~(-1)亚硫酸根的特征峰为定性和定量依据,本文开展了食品中滥用和非法添加二氧化硫的直接检测研究:一种检测流程实现了不同食品基质中二氧化硫的; 高灵敏检测,最低检出浓度达1 mg; kg~(-1)的水平.针对实际样本的传统蒸馏法前处理流程的一些不足以及SERS检测的指纹图谱优势,本文进行了三方面显著改进:; (1)碳酸钙和沸石取代氮气以提高二氧化硫的挥发提取效率; (2)草酸取代盐酸酸化蒸馏溶液,以有效避免挥发性强酸对操作环境的危害;; (3)氢氧化钠溶液代替乙酸铅溶液作为吸收液,以防止二次污染.环境友好、灵敏度高和不受基质干扰等特点使得本方法有望取代经典蒸馏法和比色法,用于食品; 中非法添加二氧化硫类添加剂的快速高效筛查.The direct detection of sulphur dioxide has been realized in various; food matrixes with high sensitivity and high selectivity, on the basis; of the integration of the high energy resolution of the finger-print; spectrum of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy and the universal but; easy-on-going pretreatment procedure. The characteristic peak of sulphur; dioxide at ~630 cm~(-1) was applied as the qualitative and quantitative; standard, which displayed a lowest detectable concentration at the 1 mg; kg~(-1) level for the spiked food samples. The key point of the high; sensitivity and selectivity is the effective pretreatment born out of; the standard distillation one, which has been improved in the three; parts. (1) Using CaCO_3 and Zeolite instead of N_2 gas as the bubbling; reagent. (2) Using oxalic acid as the acidic distillation solution to; eliminate the hazards from acid volatilization, such as hydrochloric; acid. (3) Using diluted sodium hydroxide solution as the absorption; reagent instead of lead acetate solution to avoid the secondary; pollution. With the three distinguished advantages of environment; friendly, high sensitivity and free of matrix interference, the proposed; method has great potential to replace the traditional ones for the fast; screening of the illegal or abused sulphur dioxide in food.国家自然科学基金; 福建省高校产学合作项目; 中央高校基本科研业务费专项资

基于表面增强拉曼光谱的合成色素专利蓝V的快速检测

食品安全问题一直是社会和广大群众关注的焦点问题,食品安全现状较为严峻,因此实现食品中有害物质的快速检测具有重要的实际意义。合成色素是一种常见的食品添加剂,然而合成色素的超标添加和非法添加依旧是食品安全中的重要问题之一,极大地危害人民群众的身体健康和食品工业的健康发展。常见的合成色素检测方法,均存在耗时长、费用高等缺点,不适应于合成色素的实时监测和快速筛查。为克服传统方法的缺点,提出利用表面增强拉曼光谱检测技术对合成色素进行检测,该方法具有检测速度快、检测灵敏度高等优点,能够达到现场实时检测的目的。此外,由于拉曼检测方法往往依赖于复杂的样品前处理操作,而常见的固相萃取技术一般依赖于人工操作,过程复杂且耗时较长,严重影响食品快速检测效率。因此,开发了一种全自动固相萃取装置,通过设计嵌入式硬件电路系统及其软件,精确控制蠕动泵流速和多路阀门开关实现了活化、上样、淋洗、洗脱四个步骤的全自动操作和参数控制,从而达到食品样品的全自动快速固相萃取。在实验部分,配制不同专利蓝V浓度的果汁饮料,然后利用该装置对果汁中的专利蓝V进行前处理,对萃取柱填料和萃取中各个步骤的时间和试剂进行了合理的选择,利用表面增强拉曼光谱检测技术成功地检测了合成色素中的专利蓝V。实验结果表明,所研制的自动固相萃取装置对比传统手工萃取,每个样品节省了近一半的萃取时间（10 min降为5 min）且能够同时处理5个样品,萃取时间稳定不易受人为因素影响,从而极大地提高了萃取效率和稳定性。此外,通过自动萃取获得的样品,对比手工萃取操作,因其受外界干扰相对较小,能够得到更强的拉曼光谱信号（约增强50%）,获得了满意的萃取效果。对不同浓度的专利蓝V样品的结果显示,该方法能够实现检出质量浓度在0.5 mg·L-1水平,可有效满足现场监测需求。具有快速、方便、灵敏度高等特点。国家自然科学基金项目(21874113)资

Structural and morphological dependence of carbon nanotube arrays on catalyst aggregation

<font face="times new roman,times" size="2">Catalyst aggregation affects the growth of carbon nanotube (CNT) arrays in terms of tubular structures, waviness, entanglement, lengths, and growth density etc., which are important issues for application developments. We present a systematic correlation between the aggregation of catalyst on the SiO2/Si substrate and the structure and morphology of CNT arrays. The thickness of the catalyst film has a direct effect on the areal density of the catalytic particles and then the alignment of the CNT array. Introducing alumina as buffer layer and annealing the catalyst film at low pressure are two effective approaches to downsize the catalyst particles and then the diameter, wall number of the CNTs. Both the size and areal density of the catalyst also change with the CNT growth in accordance with Ostwald ripening process, with the bottom of the CNT array varying from well-aligned to disordered and adhesion between catalyst particles and the substrate getting enhanced. Strategies including tuning the thickness of the catalyst film, changing buffer layer, controlling on the growth time and the system pressure were used to regulate the aggregation of the catalyst. CNT arrays from disordered to well-aligned, from multi-walled to few-walled and further to single-walled were reproducibly synthesized by chemical vapor deposition of acetylene.</font

Improving mechanical and electrical properties of oriented polymer-free multi-walled carbon nanotube paper by spraying while winding

<p> <span style="text-transform: none; background-color: rgb(248,248,248); text-indent: 0px; display: inline !important; font: 13px/22px arial, helvetica, sans-serif; white-space: normal; float: none; letter-spacing: normal; color: rgb(51,51,51); word-spacing: 0px; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px">In this study, a new method is introduced for fabricating carbon nanotube (CNT) paper, in which the solvent is sprayed on the CNT sheet while it is wound on a rotating mandrel. As the solvent evaporated, the capillary force pulls CNT closer together, resulting in a CNT paper with a high degree of alignment and a high packing density. Three batches of multi-walled CNTs with different wall thicknesses, tube diameters and lengths are utilized for synthesizing highly orientedCNT papers. It is found that CNTs with smallest diameter of 8 nm form strongest CNT paper with a tensile strength of 563 MPa and a tensile modulus of 15 GPa, while that made with CNTs of 10 nm diameter shows the highest electrical conductivity of 5.5 x 10(4) S/m. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</span></p

Aligned Carbon Nanotubes for High-Efficiency Schottky Solar Cells

The development of low-cost and high-efficiency silicon Schottky solar cells has drawn considerable interest in recent years. A facial approach for the fabrication of carbon nanotubesilicon (CNTSi) Schottky solar cells by using aligned double-walled CNTs drawn from a CNT array is demonstrated. The aligned CNTs help to form high CNTSi junction density and provide efficient charge-transport paths. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) reaches 10.5%, which is higher than that of solar cells fabricated using pristine and random CNT networks. Furthermore, the cell fabrication is scalable, and the solar cells fabricated in one batch show very small PCE fluctuations

Rational design of galvanically replaced Pt-anchored electrospun WO3 nanofibers as efficient electrode materials for methanol oxidation

<p>We develop a simple dry wrapping method to fabricate a tungsten oxide (WO_{<font size="2">3</font>})/carbon nanotube (CNT) cable, in which WO_{<font size="2">3</font>} layers act as an electrochromic component while aligned CNTs as the core provide mechanical support and an anisotropic, continuous electron transport pathway. Interestingly, the resultant cable material exhibits an obvious gradient electrochromic phenomenon.</p><br /