14 research outputs found
ã¹ã®èã®ã€ãæšå¢æ®ã«é¢ããåºç€çç 究(æåŠéšé)
ã¹ã®è²æåŠäžã®éèŠãªåé¡ã¯åªè¯åäœã®å¢æ®ã§ãããå¢æ®æ¹æ³ã¯çš®åã«ããå¢æ®ãšã¯ããŒã³ã«ããç¹æ®ã®äºã€ãããã, åªè¯æšã®ã»ãšãã©ã¯è霢ã®ãã®ãå€ã, äžè¬ã«ã¯çµå®éãå°ãªã, ãŸãããæšã«ããçºæ ¹ãå°é£ã§å¢æ®ã®å€§ããªé害ãšãªã£ãŠããããããã£ãŠãã®åé¡ã解決ããäžæ段ãšããŠ, ãŸãã€ãæšãè¡ãªããããå©çšããããšã«ãã£ãŠ, ããæšã®çºæ ¹èœåã®åäžãã¯ããããšãç®çãšããŠ, 1960幎以æ¥æ¬ç 究ã«åŸäºããŠãããã€ãæšã¯ææšå¢æ®ã®æå¹ãªæ段ãšããŠããããŠéèŠãªäœçœ®ããããŠããã«ãããããã, éšåçãªçŸè±¡ã®ã¿ã匷調ãã, ç·åããŠç¢ºç«ããããã®ã§ã¯ãªãã£ãããã®ç 究ã¯, ãŸãã¹ã®ã®ã€ãæšã«ãããåçŸè±¡ã圢æ
åŠç, ççåŠçãªé¢ããæããã«ã, æ©æãåãšæ©æçé·ã«å¯ŸããŠãã£ãšãé©åãšæãããã€ãæšæ¹æ³ã確ç«ãã, ããã«åçš®éã®èŠªåæ§ããã€ãæšææãæ€èšã, ãããŠã€ãæšãããè¿ãããšã«ãã£ãŠçºæ ¹èœåãã©ã®çšåºŠé«ããããããç·åçã«ç©¶æããããšãããã®ã§ãããSome reasons why there are difficulties in propagating SUGI (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don), are because most of the superior seed trees are old so that they generally don\u27t bear a good many seeds and we can\u27t expect a good rooting on cuttings, either. As one of the efficient steps to solve these problems, this research started in 1960 to increase the rooting ability of cuttings, using clone of the seed tree which had been grafted once before. This paper deals with the synthetical study of the technical method and various conditions to get an optimum result for grafting trees. 1) Six different types of grafting, (Cleft-Grafting, Wrinkle-Grafting, Bark-Grafting, Veneer-Grafting, Side-Grafting and Inarching-Grafting) which was considered to be effective for the purpose of this research, were used and the propriety of these steps were investigated. Consequently, the Cleft-Grafting method showed the best record in the survival percentage and the growth of the scion after grafting. Soft X-ray photograph of the coalescent condition of the grafted part also showed the same result. 2) To find out the necessary and the sufficent condition for the survival of scion, relation between the growth of the callus and these factors such as moisture content, transpiration and suction amount of the scion and the water movement traced by P^ were investigated and it was considered that 2-3 weeks after grafting were the most important period for survival so that successful grafting depend on how to care the tree on that period. It was presumed to be the optimum condition for grafting to control the environment as the temperature around 25â, the humidity above 70%, and the relative illumination around 50%. 3) High survival percentage and the maximum growth of scion after grafting was generally obtained when the scion was taken from the young seed tree under 50 years of age or from the lately grown part of the old mother tree and cut it into 5 to 10cm long and prune the lateral branches of the scion into 50% length. Latest grown part of the 2-3 years old seedling plant about 30 to 70cm height was found to be the best kind of stock when 30% of total length of the lateral branches were pruned from the top or 50% of each branches were pruned. Besides that, it was recognized that the lateral branches of the stock were indispensable on and after the second year after grafting. 4) Generally speaking, compatibility between the scion and the stock was always at issue but among 12 varieties which were used in this research, these four such as Sanbu-Sugi, Yanase-Sugi, Yaku-Sugi and Yamaguni-Sugi, which had wide insertion angle, made bigger growth in height whether they were used as scions or as stocks. This was due to the differences of the photosynthetic amount. 5) It was proved when the scion was taken from the old seed tree which was about 200 years of age, rooting percentage was only 10% but if the scion was taken from the branch which had been grafted once before, rooting rate became high, up to 50%. However, this was also pointed out that these grafting and cuttings combination was useful only for the first time and it was no use doing it over again to make the rooting percentage much igher
çœå±±ããæã®æ§é (æåŠéšé)
ããæã®çé·æ³å解æã®äžéãšããŠæ¥µççžã«ããçœå±±ããæã®æ§é ã調æ»ããããã®çµæã€ãã®è«žç¹ãæããã«ãªã£ãã1)çœå±±ããæã®æ§é ã«ã€ããŠå¹³åçã¢ãã«ã瀺ããš æ¬æ° : 230æ¬/ha, èç© : 250m^3/ha, çŽåŸç¯å² : 6∿100cm (38cm)æš¹é«ç¯å² : 6∿26m (18m), ããã®æç©å æç : 70%, ãã ã( )ã¯å¹³åå€2)ããæã®å¹Žä»€æ§æã«ã€ããŠã¯, å°Ÿäžé·å·æµåéšã§æé«360幎, å¹³å220幎, 倧çœå·ã®æ¹ã§ã¯æé«319幎, å¹³å190幎ã§ãã£ãã暹什ãšæ ¹å
çŽåŸãšã¯çžé¢ããã, 2次æ²ç·åŒã§ããããããšãã§ããã3)èžé«çŽåŸããã³æš¹é«ã®ååžåã¯2å³°åãåæ£åãªã©äžèŠåã§ããã, åŸçŽé
åã¯ãããã®æåãäžã»å€§åŸæšã§çŽ90%ãå ããã4)ããæã«ãããææšã®åœ¢è³ªã«ã€ããŠæåéã®æ¯èŒãè©Šã¿ãçµæ, çžå¯Ÿæç©Îž_ã¯å°Ÿäžé·å·æµåéšã®æ¹ã倧ããã£ããããã¯éã«å€§çœå·ã®åœ¢ç¶æ¯Ïã倧ããããšãåæ ãããã®ãšæããããAs a part of study for the growth model, the author researched the stand structures of Beech (Fagus crenata Bl.) in Mt. Hakusan of Gifu Prefecture. Results of some measurements on Beech stands were as follows : 1) A stand model was proposed for the Beech stand in Mt. Hakusan. That was as follows : Number of trees : 230/ha, Stand volume : 250m^3/ha, Range of height : 6-26 (18m), Range of D. b. h : 6-100cm (38cm), Possesive rate of Beech in volume : 70%. 2) Concerning tree age of Beech, most old tree in each districts of Ogamigougawa and Ooshirokawa was 360 and 319 years, and average value in each stands was 220 and 190 years. Relations between them were expressed by a quadratic equation because of correlation between tree age and stump diameter was recognized. 3) Every frequency distributions of height and diameter was not regular through each populations had been partial to large classes. 4) In comparison between the two districts for stem form, the relative volume in Ogamigougawa district was larger than the one of Ooshirokawa in the cause of the different form each other by stands
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æ¬ç 究ã¯æ£®æã®æçžåºåãç®çãšããŠ, èªç©ºæ©ã«ããMSSããŒã¿ã®ããžã€ã¿ã«è§£æãè©Šã¿ããã®ã§ããããã£ãŒã«ãã«ã¯äº¬éœäžè³èåšèŸºã®æ£®æãéžã³, 解æã·ã¹ãã ã«ã¯äº¬å€§å€§åèšç®æ©ã®PARS (Package Program for the Remote Sensing Data Analysis)ãå©çšããããã¬ãŒãã³ã°ã»ãšãªã¢ãšããŠ5åã®æ£®æã¿ã€ããšèå°, äœå®
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šåã®èå¥å³ãäœæããããã®å€å¥åé¡æ³ã«ã¯ãŠãŒã¯ãªããè·é¢æ³ãšç·åœ¢å€å¥åé¡æ³ãçšãããå€å¥çµæã¯æ£®æãšæ£®æ以å€ã®äºç©ã®èª€å€å¥ã¯ã»ãšãã©ãªãã£ãã, æçžåºåã«ã€ããŠã®å€å¥çã¯40∿50%ãšäœãã£ããããã¯æåž«ãšããŠæå®ãããã¬ãŒãã³ã°ã»ãšãªã¢ã®åãåºãã«æ··äº€æãå€ãã£ãããšãš, å°åœ¢ã«ããæ¥èéšãå«ãŸããŠããããšãªã©ã«åå ããããšæãã, æ®åœ±æ¡ä»¶ã®è¯ãããŒã¿ã§åæ€èšããå¿
èŠãããããIn this paper deals with the digital analysis of aerial multispectral scanner (MSS) data, as the basic research for the classification of forest types. The data processing was based on the package program for the remote sensing analysis with Facom M-190 computor at Kyoto Univ. Data Processing Center. The procedural outline in this case are as follows : Step A : Check of data quality, Gray-scale map, Study area selection. Step B : Statistical data of cover type or class. Step C : Classification; Euclidean distance analysis. Linear discriminant analysis. Maximum likelihood analysis. Performance of test area. Printout of classification result. Step D : Affine transformation, Combination of file, Color display. The study area chosen was KAMIGAMO district in Kyoto city. MSS data taken at 900m altitude on December 21,1976,was used. The ground truth data were gathered from the reconnaissance and the airo-colorphotographies through stereo-vision. The discriminant maps of the study area shown in Figure 7 were produced by the supervised approaches. Successful mapping of grass land at this case made it possible to precisely locate. Confusion of discriminance occurred where the nearly mixed plant community and shady parts. It was apparent that the supervised discriminant procedure was not suitable for areas of mixed plant community
ã¢ã«ããæã®ééçé·ã«é¢ããåºç€çç 究 (I)(æåŠéšé)
æ¬ç 究ã¯ææšã®çé·è«çç«å Žããã¢ã«ããæã®ééããã³ã»ã«ããŒã¹çç£éã®çµæå€åã®éçšãæããã«ããããšãããã®ã§ãããããã¯æ£®æçµå¶ã®åºç€ãšããŠã®ææšã®çé·æ³åã解æããããã®äžç°ãšããŠ, æåã®ééçç£éãªãã³ã«ã»ã«ããŒã¹çç£éã®æ»å®ãšãã®çµæå€åãšããŠã®çé·éçšã®å
±éçæ³åæ§ãèŠåºãããšã«äž»ããç®çãããããã®ç 究ã§ã®ééã«ããçé·éçšã®è§£æã«ã¯ç·ä¹Ÿç©éãšæš¹äœã®åœ¢æã«çŽæ¥çã«é¢äžãã现èèã®éªšæ Œç¹è³ªã§ããã»ã«ããŒã¹ãæ¡ãããããããªãã¡, 容ç©å¯åºŠæ°ã®æš¹å¹¹å
å€åã®åºç€çãã¿ãŒã³ããã®çé·éçšã«åœ±é¿ããã€æœåºæåããã³ãªã°ãã³çãé€å»ããããã»ã«ããŒã¹ãªãã³ã«Î±ã»ã«ããŒã¹ãç·ä¹Ÿç©éãšå¯Ÿæ¯ãããŠè¿œè·¡ããããšã«ãã£ãŠ, ããã°æ質ã®ç·åçãªææšãšããŠã®å®¹ç©å¯åºŠæ°ãšæš¹æšã®çŽç¶ããçé·ã®åºŠåã瀺ãåäœå®¹ç©åœãã®ã»ã«ããŒã¹å«æéã®çµæçå€åã®ãã¿ãŒã³ããééçé·ã®éçšã解æããããšãããã®ã§ãããããã«æåã®çé·éçšãèããå Žå, æåãæ§æããååæš¹ã®çµæçå€åéãèããã ãã§ãªãæ§æã¡ã³ããŒã®å€åããšãããªããã°ãªããªãããã®ãããªæåæ§æã®å€åã®éçšãæ£ãããšãããããã«, æç©ã®å Žåãšåæ§ã«ééã«ããããããã®åç©«è¡šã調補ã, ãããã®åç©«è¡šã«åºã¥ããŠçé·éçšã®è§£æãè¡ãªã£ãããããã£ãŠ, ãã®æ¹æ³ã«ãã£ãŠç 究ãé²ããããã«ã¯æšæã®æ質ç¹æ§ãææšã®æççŸè±¡ãããã¯åæšãªããã¯ææšã«ã€ããŠã®éé枬å®ããã³çé·éçšã®æšå®çã®åæ課é¡ã®è§£æãå¿
èŠã§ãã£ãããšãã«æž¬å®æ¹æ³ãããã³ã«çŸåéã®æšå®çã«é¢ããæè¡çè«žåé¡ã¯æ¬ç 究ã®äž»ç®çéæã«è³ãåºç€ç課é¡ãšããŠéèŠèŠãããThe purpose of this investigation was to find out the general principles of incremental process in dry weight and cellulose productivities of AKAMATSU (Pinus densiflora S. et Z.) stand, in the case of making use of wood components as the raw materials. The mentioned subject must be investigated as the fundamental studies for the forest management. The solution of the weight incremental process used in this investigation was carried out by the weight yield tables, prepared with each productivity of wood components. Therefore, if we had taken the above method, it was necessary to estimate the standerd values of bulk density (based on ovendry weight and green volume), the standard contents of hollocellulose and α-celulose with the stand age. Thus, it bacame a premise problem of research in due order, for instance, establishment of measuring the bulk density and cellulose contents of a standing tree, decision of representative position in the stem and so on. The important items among the results of studies on the weight increment in this paper were as follows : I) Throughtout each age-class tress which was taken from the natural forest stand of AKAMATSU in Kyoto district, it was recognized that the variation coefficient of bulk density and of cellulose contents at every position in stem was less than 10%, except the part of pith in basal stem. Furthermore, there was a pattern that bulk density, hollocellulose and α-cellulose contents decreased gradually with the height of cross section and it increased from the pith to the bark. The pattern of the variation was so called the pinus type. II) The amount of hollocellulose and α-cellulose contents could not be estimated by the ratio estimate to the bulk density, because the variance of ratio of celluloses contents to the bulk density was significant by the position in stem. In the other way, the correlation of hollocellulose and α-cellulose contents with the deresinous bulk density of wood which extracted with alcohol-benzene solution were highly recognized. Therefore, the amount of cellulose contents could be estimated by the regression estimate based on the above correlation. III) Every development process of the standard bulk density and the standard contents of celluloses in single tree increased at a high pace during 10 ∿ 25 years, and its increasing pace gradually slowed down after the thrifty period, finally, which kept constant. It could be expressed by means of the growthcurve equation for the described above the time series variation. So, examination was carried out on the applicability of growth-curves which became the object of this investigation such as Mitscherich\u27s Gompertz\u27s, Logistic\u27s and Corrected exponential curve. As a result, Gompertz\u27s equation was most appropriate for the above growth-curve. Y=Ka^b^t where Y=Standard contents per unit volume. K=Final reache value of standard contents. t=Age of tree. a, b=Constant (0 < a< 1,0 < b < 1) IV) The position of representative wood quality in the stem was found. It was very simialr to the standerd value of bulk density and cellulose contents. Vertically, the position located at 10% of the tree height above ground, horizontally, it occupied the part of sapwood inner about 10 annual rings from the bark in 10% section above ground. V) It was recognized that the applicability of nondestructive testing technique with Soft-X-Ray and Densitometer to estimate the bulk density of standing tree through increment core was highly available. It might be one of the most important method to survey the productivity of forest stand, because it made us measure efficiently the standard bulk density of forest stand by random sampling method based on the above technique
倩ã®æ©ç«å ¬åã®ãã䞊æšã®ç°å¢èª¿æ» (1) : åå£ããã³å°äžæ°Žã«ã€ããŠ(æåŠéšé)
倩ã®æ©ç«ã®ãã䞊æšã¯è¿å¹Žç°å¢ã®æªåã«ãšããªã£ãŠæš¹å¢ãè¡°ã, ä»åŸã®å¯Ÿçãææ
®ãããŠãããããã§çŸæ³ãååææ¡ããããã§, ä¿è·å¯ŸçãããŠãªããã°ãªããªããæ¬å ±åã¯çç«åºç€ã§ããåå£ãšå°äžæ°Žã«ã€ããŠèª¿æ»ãè¡ã£ãããã®çµæãèŠçŽããã°æ¬¡ã®ãšããã§ããã(1)åå£ã¯ç åã倧éšåãå ã, ãã®ç²åéã«æ§é ã¯èªãããã, ç²æ§ã匱ã, åå£åã¯æ®ã©é²ãã§ããªãIm-sååå£ã§ããã(2)åå£ã®äžçžçµæã§ã¯åºçžã50%以äžãå ã, 液çžãæ°çžã®å²åãéåžžã«å°ãªãããããŠ, 容ç©éã¯100g/100cc以äžã§éåžžã«éã, åéçã¯40∿50%ãšå°ãªãå€ã瀺ãããŸã, æ倧容氎éãæå°å®¹æ°éãèããå°ããå€ã§çåŠçæ§è³ªã¯æ¥µããŠæªãã(3)ççŽ , çªçŽ ãªã©ã®é€åèŠçŽ ã®å«æçãéåžžã«å°ãªãååŠçæ§è³ªããã¿ãŠãç æªãªåå£ã§ããã(4)å°äžæ°Žäœã¯éåžžã«é«ã60∿120cmã§ãã£ãŠ, ãã¹ãŠã®å°ç¹ã§å¡©åæ¿åºŠã¯äœãçæ°Žåæ§ã®å€ã§ããããšã泚ç®ããããAccording to the deterioration of environmental conditions, recently the vitality of MATSU trees, stand AMANO-HASHIDATE, is going to weaken. So we must grasp the present conditions fully, and need to consider the preservation treatments. We investigated the soil and the ground water as the foundation of growth. The results obtained are summarized below. 1. The soil is almost occupied by fine-grained sand and has no structures between particles, and weak cohesion. So we classify it as Im-s type soil, which the formation of soil doesn\u27t progress. 2. Concerning about the relative contents of solid, water, air, solid occupies more than 50%, and the percents of water and air are very small. So the bulk density is very high (more than 100g/100cc) and the percents of porosity is low (40-50%). Maximum water capacity and minimum air capacity also show so small. Therefore the physical properties of the soil are supposed very bad. 3. Nutrients, such as carbon, nitrogen and other elements, aren\u27t almost contained in the soil, so the chemical properties of the soil are also bad. 4. Ground water level is remarkably high (60-120cm under surface). Characteristically, the ground water shows low salinity, almost fresh water, every sampling points
ã¢ã«ãã ãã€ã· ã ãžã¥ãŠãªã§ãŠ ã»ã€ãã§ãŠ ã ã«ã³ã¹ã« ããœãã ã±ã³ãã¥ãŠ 2 ãªã³ã¬ã¯ ãã¢ã³
åç« ãŸã§ã«ééçé·éçšè§£æã®åæ課é¡ãšããããã®ã¯ã»ãšãã©è§£æ±ºåºæ¥ããããã§, ããã§ã¯ãããã®ææãæ ¹æ ãšããŠ, æ¬ç 究ã®äž»èª²é¡ãšããããæåã«ãããééçé·éçšã®è§£æãè¡ã£ãããã®æ¹æ³ã«ã¯ééã«ããæååç©«è¡šã®èª¿è£œãè¡ã, ãããå©çšããããã®çµæã®äžã§, ãšãã«æç©çé·çµéãšæ¯èŒããŠæ³šç®ãã¹ãããšãæãããšãªã£ããããªãã¡, äž»ææš, äž»å¯ææšåèšããã³ç·åç©«ã®é£å¹Žçé·éãªãã³ã«å¹³åçé·éã®ãããã«ãããŠãééçé·ã®æ倧ãšãªã幎霢ãæç©çé·ã®ããããã5∿15幎é
ããããšã§ãã£ããããã«ã€ããŠã¯çè«çãªè£ä»ããåŸãããã«æ°åŠç蚌æãè¡ã£ãŠæ€èšãããæåŸã«ééã«ããçŸåéã®æšå®æ¹æ³ã«ã€ããŠç·åçãªæ€èšãè¡ã£ããThe important items among the results of studies on the weight increment in this chapter were as follows : I) Relationships between the stand age and the standard bulk density or the standard contents of celluloses of the stand were expressed by Gompertz\u27s equation. In any case, i.e. the time series variation of the standard value increased at a high pace during its first 25 years, which beyond that maintained to constant. Above relationship of the stand was agreed well with the time series variation of the standard value of single tree. II) Every total productivity curves of dry weight, hollocellulose and α-cellulose in the stand was agreed well with the stand volume curve which showed a sigmoid curve. III) Every current annual increment curves of dry weight, hollocellulose and α-cellulose productivities of the stand increased highly with age, and reached its peak at the point during 20-30 years, which after the point decreased gradually. Every mean increment curves of main and entire tree-crop increased slower than the increasing pace of the annual increment curve. It reached its peak at the point during 35-45 years where it cut the curve for current annual increment, and decreased gradually after the cut point. When the current annual increment of hollocellulose and α-cellulose culminated that it was 5 years latter than the point of dry weight\u27s peak. Furthermore, when the mean annual inc rement reached its highest value became in the order, dry weight, hollocellulose, α-cellulose at 5 years interval thus the age of 35,40 and 45 years. IV) It was clarified even in the actual and theoretical proof that the age of both the current annual and mean annual increment of weight productivities reached their highest value which were 5-15 years latter than their\u27s of the volume increment, on every crops of main, entire and total yield. V) Development process of the standard bulk density and the standard contents of celluloses of the stand which showed the time series variation of the relation between oven dry weight and green volume. These make it possible also to showed widely development process of wood quality. As the concluding remark since above mentioned, the standard value of the stand which gived it us the most important information to solve the incremental process in weight productivities
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šåã«ããã£ãŠåªå ããŠããã2. (1)ã«è³ãã«ã€ããŠæäœæ²æããã£ããšèãããããæ倧ã®æå ãšãªãã®ã¯, æå20幎ååŸã®æ··ä¹±æã«èªçææ¡åã®ããã«äŒæ¡ãè¡ãªãããããšããããã, èèœæŽæ°ã®æºçãªãã»ã¢ã«ã·ã¢ãæ¥éã«å
šåã被èŠãããšèããããã3.ããããã»ã¢ã«ã·ã¢æã®äžã§, ããããã®ç°å¢ã®å·®ç°ã«ãã£ãŠçŸ€èœãæ§æããçš®ã®è³ªããã³çš®æ°ã«æãããªå·®ãèªããããã4.ãããã®æåã次ã®äžã€ã®ã¿ã€ãã«åããããšãã§ãããããªãã¡, a)éå±€æ§é ã®çºéã¯ãã¡ããã§ããã, ãã»ã¢ã«ã·ã¢ãšãšãã«é·åçš®ãé«æšå±€ã圢æããŠãããb)é«æšå±€ã¯ãã»ã¢ã«ã·ã¢ã«ããå ãããããäºé«æšå±€ããã³äœæšå±€ã¯é·åçš®ãåªå ãããc)é«æšå±€ã¯ãã»ã¢ã«ã·ã¢ã«ããå ããããã矀èœã®éå±€æ§é ãçºéãã, èæ¬å±€ã®ã¿ã圢æãããŠããã5.åå£èª¿æ»çµæãã, å°è¡šã®æ€çãå埩ãããã«èŠããŠã, å°è¡šäžã®åå£æ¡ä»¶ã¯å
šãæªçã§ãããšå€å®ãããããããã£ãŠ, 以äžã®äºå®ãèªèããããã§, ãããã®æåãåãæ±ãã®ã§ãªããã°, 容æã«èå»åããå±éºæ§ãç§ããŠãããšèãããããWe have done some vegetation and soil research for NISEAKASHIA (Robinia pseudo-acacia) stand at Ushibuse river basin in Nagano Prefecture, that were estabulished by excuting the hill-side planting works about 70 years ago. We studied for the succession of these living plant communities, the results are summerized as follows : 1. Main leading plants, that is, AKAMATSU (Pinus densiflora), HIMEYASHABUSHI (Alnus pendula), and YAMAHANNOKI (Alnus firsuta), not remain in the present state, but NISEAKASHIA, that was assistantly lead on planting, dominate at the whole range of the hill-side works. 2. In this NISEAKASHIA stand, it is recognized that the quality and quantity of species forming the plant community are aparently distincted by the environmental difference of each plant communities. 3. There are 3 types of plant communities in this NISEAKASHIA stand that is, (a) the native species with NISEAKASHIA are forning in the tree stratum, (b) the native species are forming in the range up to the subtree stratum, (c) the native species are only recognized in the harb stratum. 4. From the results of soil research, it is recognized that the soil conditions are not mature at all, though it seems to recover the vegetation on the surface of the earth
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§å°åºãšã®æ¯èŒã«ãããŠèããäœãå€ã瀺ãããAs the synthetical index of the tree vitality, we investigated the infrared bi-band ratio (R/G) of the leave of SUGI (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don), which based on the characteristics of the spectral reflectances, so as to clarify the influence of air pollution on the forest trees. Moreover, we examined some factors, those were supposed to concern the vitality, volume increments, chemical elements, and their distribution. Results were as follows; 1. The bi-band ratio had a positive corelationship between air pollution, and the trees, in the polluted areas, showed the vital decay. 2. Total sulfer contents in the leave also had a positive correlationship between air pollution. 3. High contents of heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Zn) were found at the outer bark of the trees, in the polluted areas. It was assumed that this was caused by the catchement of the floating dust. 4. Potassium contents of the inner bark, in the polluted areas, were lower than the control
å²éçä»é å°æ¹ã«ãããæäŒæã®åœ¢æãšãã®æšç§» (I)(æåŠéšé)
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ç秩åºã, ä»é éšåãçµéããŠåŒ±äœåã, äžå±€èŸ²æ°ã®åè«å±±, äžæç·æå
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å¶ã®å»æ¢ã«ãšããªã蟲家ã®äœå°åŽååãšãçµã³ã€ã, ã¹ã®ã»ãããã®å€§åŸæšçç£ãç®æšãšãã, ããããŠåŽåéçŽçãªææ¥ãšããŠçºéããããã®ç¹åŸŽã§ãã倧åŸæšã®å°éåæ£ç, é£å¹Žççç£ãš, æœæ¿, æœå², 暜䞞çã®è£œé ã¯, æäŒæææè
ã«é£å¹Žçãªå±±ææåŸãä¿éãããšãšãã«, å€æ°ã®æ£ã»æšæœãšæšæå人ã®ååšãå¯èœãªãããããIn the Tokugawa period, Imasu village was one stage (Shukuba) of "Nakasendo", and in this village timbers as commodities were produced from communal-owned forests and forests that belonged to large arable land holders. At the biginning of Meiji period, with the abolition of "Shukuba" the teritorial economy that depended on "Shukuba" was broke down, and during the "Imasusodo", (class struggle between leading member and peasant) the governing power of leading member-most of then were large arable land holder, gradually declined. Consequently, the communal-owned forests and the forests that belonged to large arable land holders were divided into peasants, and the peasant type arboricultur was developed. The management of selection forest in Imasu district was founded on the small scale forests that owned by peasants and abundant labor of middle and small scale farmers. These managment aimed at cultivation of larg diameter trees for special purpose, for instance "Tarumaru". The development of forestry in Imasu district, could maintain the house hold economy of many forest land owners, timber merchants, and woodcutters
京éœã«ããã倧æ°æ±æãšæš¹æšã®æŽ»å床ãšã®é¢ä¿ (IV) (æåŠéšé)
æ¬å ±åã¯å€§æ°æ±æãšæš¹æšã®æŽ»å床ãšã®é¢ä¿ã«ã€ããŠ, ãµã¯ã©ã®èãäŸè©ŠææãšããŠå®æœãã京éœåºåéšå°åã«ããã調æ»ç 究ã®ææã®æŠèŠã§ããã掻å床è©äŸ¡ã®ææšãšããèã®ãã€ãã³ãæ¯(R/B)ãšãã®èŠå ãšããŠãšãããã倧æ°ã®æ±æ床(SO_3,NO_2), èé¢ä»çæ±æç©è³ªé, èäžå
šç¡«é»å«æéãšã¯ããããæ£ã®çžé¢é¢ä¿ãèªãããããåèŠå ããã€ãã³ãæ¯ã«åãŒã圱é¿åºŠã®é äœãšãã®åŠ¥åœæ§ãååž°åæã«ãã£ãŠæ€èšããçµæ, åèŠå ã®åºæºå€éãžã®å¯äžçã®é äœã¯, èé¢ä»çæ±æç©è³ªé78.4%, SO_3 11.7%, NO_2 1.4%, èäžå
šç¡«é»å«æé0.2%ã§, ãããã®å¯äžçåèš91.7%ãšãªã£ãããããã£ãŠ, ããã§çšããèŠå ã§ææšã«å¯Ÿãã圱é¿åã®ã»ãŒå
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åŠçææ³ã®æå¹æ§ãå確èªããããšã«ãªã£ããThis paper presents a part of investigation on quantifying the vital decay of trees by air pollution through the optical analysis. In this paper, we have examined using the leaves of SAKURA (Prunus yedoensis Matsum.) in southern district of Kyoto prefecture. Results were as follows : As a synthetical index of tree vitality, the bi-band ratio (R/B) has showed positive correlationships between some factors such as air pollution (SO_3,NO_2), amount of dust on leaf surface, total sulfer contents in the leaves. We have done the multiple regression analysis so as to clarify the effectiveness of each factors against the bi-band ratio. The ranking of proportion of each factors against the bi-band ratio was as follows; 1. dust on leaf surface 78.4% 2. SO_3 11.7% 3. NO_2 1.4% 4. total sulfer contents 0.2%-total proportion 91.7%. In consequence, we got to infer the loading of each factors to the vital decay. This analysis brought the reaffirmation of applicability of the optical analysis