A Review of Alternative Marine Fuels

Today, ships navigating all around the world are not allowed to emit SOx more than 0.5%. Same regulation for nitrogen has already come into force. More and more nations are becoming aware and concerned about the negative effects of climate change, whereas many countries are already feeling the effects of harmful greenhouse gas emissions. Therefore, the world’s fleet needs a new fuel types, which are alternative to conventional petroleum-based ship fuels. Benefits such as low sulphur standards accompany all alternative fuel options. As will be discussed further in Section 2, there are challenges and limitations associated with CO2 emissions along with benefits. The review of the literature and field shows that the impact of these current choices on the management and environments is still not bright enough, although each alternative has consisted entirely different effects in their body and each alternative pose specific risks to the environment, crew, management and port states. This chapter gives a review on the impact of each alternative fuels on the environment. In addition, the chapter touches upon handling of risks associated with alternative fuels and technologies

The Implementation of Maritime Labour Convention in the Ship Management: A Case Study on Risk Management On-Board

The Maritime Labour Convention (MLC, 2006) is of high importance as other Maritime conventions. It brings some obligations to the biggest parties in the maritime industry which are flag states, port states, seafarers supplying countries and seafarer employing companies. The MLC aims to provide&protect the rights of the seafarers and to maintain their highest standardized living&working areas on board ships by law. The port and flag states have been delegated to inspect the seafarers’ employment&working and living standards. Following on the Maritime Labour Convention which was enter into force in August 2013, an established and well-operated risk management system has become compulsory in the ship management system. 985 of 2136 deficiencies, which have been detected by Australian Maritime Safety Authority since 20 August 2013, are related with the obligation in question. From this point of view, it is explicit that risk management is of vital importance for the ship management system. Herewith this paper, the aim is designated as identifying the expectations of the Convention from the ship management and determining the optimum numerical methods for the best operability risk management model in intense ship working ambience. The accuracy of the model results must be close to the gospel truth. Furthermore, the results have to be the same as in the real industry terms. Since, the effect of a minimum failure, even, may cause huge expenses in shipping industry. Upon the conditions and criterions, the appropriate methods of operational research for risk management model onboard have been selected. Whether the model equiponderates the requirements or not is tested by scenario analysis. All in all, it is proven that the risk management system established herein this study works properly; meanwhile, it is demonstrated that the aforementioned model may be regarded as a notable reference for ship management system