Optimisation of the Daily Nutrient Composition of Daily Intakes During Gestation

An appropriate lifestyle and diet of pregnant woman during prenatal development contribute to the proper development of a foetus. Since the third month of pregnancy, physical activity should follow the metabolic needs. In this paper, linear programming has been applied in meal planning according to the guidelines recommended for women aged 19 to 30, with emphasis on nutrient intake during all nine months of pregnancy. Data used as the nutritional composition are based on the seven-day supply, where each day consisted of 4 meals; breakfast, lunch, dinner and snack. Linear optimization was carried out using the LINDO program. The program included 28 variables and 20 constraints; energy, water, proteins, fats, carbohydrates, cholesterol, dietary fi bres, vitamins soluble in fats; A, D, water-soluble vitamins, B1, B2, niacin, B6, folic acid, B12, C, and minerals; calcium, iron, magnesium, and sodium. The results show that well-balanced, diverse and regular diet can be offered for pregnant woman based on prescribed guidelines providing adequate amounts of nutrients without taking additional supplements. The sensitivity analysis indicated that the menu planning has some limitations regarding the chosen foods in a weekly menu. Especially in the 3rd trimester it is important to include foods rich with folic acid, magnesium and iron

Menu optimization concerning specific need

Primjena računala u planiranju prehrane koristi se u slučajevima kada se želi analizirati veći broj ponuda uz istovremeno promatranje većeg broja nutrijenata. Linearno programiranje korišteno je u planiranju prehrane prema smjernicama preporuka za žene između 19 i 30 godina. Naglasak je stavljen na prehranu tijekom tri tromjesečja trudnoće. Korišteni su podaci o nutritivnom sastavu sedmodnevne ponude, u kojem se svaki dan sastoji od 4 obroka; doručak, ručak, večera i međuobrok. Linearno optimiranje provedeno je primjenom LINDO programa. Program je sadržavao 28 varijabli i 19 ograničenja; energija, voda, proteini, masti, ugljikohidrati, kolesterol, prehrambena vlakna, vitamini topivi u mastima; A, D, vitamini topivi u vodi; B1, B2, niacin, B6, folat, B12, C, te minerali; kalcij, željezo, magnezij, i natrij. Rješenja pokazuju da se od navedene ponude mogu složiti dnevne ponude za trudnice bilo kojeg tromjesečja i da slijedeći dobro izbalansiranu, raznoliku i uravnoteženu prehranu tokom cijele trudnoće i držanjem propisanih smjernica, može osigurati adekvatna količina svih hranjivih tvari trudnici i plodu bez uzimanja dodatnih suplemenata.Use of computers in nutrition planning is often when numerous offers are analysed as well when the number of observed nutrients is large. Linear programming was used in nutrition planning according DRI guidelines for women aged 19 till 30. A weak meal plan was used were a daily offer was divided in 4 meals; breakfast, lunch, supper and a snack. Linear optimization was conducted using LINDO program. The program was build up by 28 variable plus 19 constrains; energy, water, proteins, fats, carbohydrates, cholesterol, dietary fibres, and vitamins: A, D, B1, B2, niacin, B6, folate, B12, C, and mineral: calcium, iron, magnesium and sodium. The optimal offers show that it is possible to set up balanced, varied, qualitative offers that can be offered for pregnant woman of each trimester that can ensure adequate nutrient intake without additional intake of added supplement

Determination of nutritional status of patients with cystic fibrosis

Cistična fibroza (CF) je autosomno-recesivna nasljedna bolest koja zahvaća epitelne stanice, osobito egzokrine žlijezde, koje onda ne stvaraju dovoljno enzima za normalnu probavu hrane, što rezultira mnogim smetnjama, poput učestalih dijareja i pothranjenosti. U ovom radu promatran je stupanj uhranjenosti oboljelih od CF-a (n=23) te uspoređen s kontrolnom skupinom (n=15). Raspodijeljenost prosječnih vrijednosti za promatrane opće antropometrijske parametre (dužina, tj. tjelesna visina i tjelesna masa obzirom na dob) je bila unutar granica optimalnih percetilnih vrijednosti (25-i do 75-i percentil). Rezultati pokazuju kako kod dječaka i djevojčica u dobi do 3-će godine postoje odstupanja od prosjeka (niže vrijednosti) što se može povezati sa "traženjem" odgovarajuće terapije. Kod djevojaka se negativna odstupanja pojavljuju također i nakon 12-te godine što se povezuje sa hormonalnim promjenama ulaskom u pubertet. Također je dan prijedlog planiranja individualne prehrane za oboljelog, kako bi se potvrdila važnost dijetoterapije kao potpore koja se prilagođava dobi, spolu i samom stanju organizma, kako bi se poboljšala kvaliteta života i produžio životni vijek oboljelom.Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an inherited disease that affects the lungs, digestive system, sweat glands, and male fertility. Its name derives from the fibrous scar tissue that develops in the pancreas, one of the principal organs affected by the disease. In this paper, the nutritional status of patients is observed (n=23) and it is compared with the control group (n=15). The distribution of average values for the observed general anthropometric parameters (length, i.e., body height and body weight for age) was within optimal percentile values (25th and 75th percentile). Results for boys and girls up to 3 years of age show deviations from the average (lower values) which can be associated with "searching" for the adequate enzyme treatment. For girls, the negative deviations also occurred after the age of 12 which is associated with hormonal changes in the puberty. Given is an example of nutrition planning for a patient to confirm the importance of diet therapy as an aid which adapts to any age, sex and health status in order to improve the quality of life and prolongs patients' lives

Determination of nutritional status of patients with cystic fibrosis

Cistična fibroza (CF) je autosomno-recesivna nasljedna bolest koja zahvaća epitelne stanice, osobito egzokrine žlijezde, koje onda ne stvaraju dovoljno enzima za normalnu probavu hrane, što rezultira mnogim smetnjama, poput učestalih dijareja i pothranjenosti. U ovom radu promatran je stupanj uhranjenosti oboljelih od CF-a (n=23) te uspoređen s kontrolnom skupinom (n=15). Raspodijeljenost prosječnih vrijednosti za promatrane opće antropometrijske parametre (dužina, tj. tjelesna visina i tjelesna masa obzirom na dob) je bila unutar granica optimalnih percetilnih vrijednosti (25-i do 75-i percentil). Rezultati pokazuju kako kod dječaka i djevojčica u dobi do 3-će godine postoje odstupanja od prosjeka (niže vrijednosti) što se može povezati sa "traženjem" odgovarajuće terapije. Kod djevojaka se negativna odstupanja pojavljuju također i nakon 12-te godine što se povezuje sa hormonalnim promjenama ulaskom u pubertet. Također je dan prijedlog planiranja individualne prehrane za oboljelog, kako bi se potvrdila važnost dijetoterapije kao potpore koja se prilagođava dobi, spolu i samom stanju organizma, kako bi se poboljšala kvaliteta života i produžio životni vijek oboljelom.Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an inherited disease that affects the lungs, digestive system, sweat glands, and male fertility. Its name derives from the fibrous scar tissue that develops in the pancreas, one of the principal organs affected by the disease. In this paper, the nutritional status of patients is observed (n=23) and it is compared with the control group (n=15). The distribution of average values for the observed general anthropometric parameters (length, i.e., body height and body weight for age) was within optimal percentile values (25th and 75th percentile). Results for boys and girls up to 3 years of age show deviations from the average (lower values) which can be associated with "searching" for the adequate enzyme treatment. For girls, the negative deviations also occurred after the age of 12 which is associated with hormonal changes in the puberty. Given is an example of nutrition planning for a patient to confirm the importance of diet therapy as an aid which adapts to any age, sex and health status in order to improve the quality of life and prolongs patients' lives

Menu optimization concerning specific need

Primjena računala u planiranju prehrane koristi se u slučajevima kada se želi analizirati veći broj ponuda uz istovremeno promatranje većeg broja nutrijenata. Linearno programiranje korišteno je u planiranju prehrane prema smjernicama preporuka za žene između 19 i 30 godina. Naglasak je stavljen na prehranu tijekom tri tromjesečja trudnoće. Korišteni su podaci o nutritivnom sastavu sedmodnevne ponude, u kojem se svaki dan sastoji od 4 obroka; doručak, ručak, večera i međuobrok. Linearno optimiranje provedeno je primjenom LINDO programa. Program je sadržavao 28 varijabli i 19 ograničenja; energija, voda, proteini, masti, ugljikohidrati, kolesterol, prehrambena vlakna, vitamini topivi u mastima; A, D, vitamini topivi u vodi; B1, B2, niacin, B6, folat, B12, C, te minerali; kalcij, željezo, magnezij, i natrij. Rješenja pokazuju da se od navedene ponude mogu složiti dnevne ponude za trudnice bilo kojeg tromjesečja i da slijedeći dobro izbalansiranu, raznoliku i uravnoteženu prehranu tokom cijele trudnoće i držanjem propisanih smjernica, može osigurati adekvatna količina svih hranjivih tvari trudnici i plodu bez uzimanja dodatnih suplemenata.Use of computers in nutrition planning is often when numerous offers are analysed as well when the number of observed nutrients is large. Linear programming was used in nutrition planning according DRI guidelines for women aged 19 till 30. A weak meal plan was used were a daily offer was divided in 4 meals; breakfast, lunch, supper and a snack. Linear optimization was conducted using LINDO program. The program was build up by 28 variable plus 19 constrains; energy, water, proteins, fats, carbohydrates, cholesterol, dietary fibres, and vitamins: A, D, B1, B2, niacin, B6, folate, B12, C, and mineral: calcium, iron, magnesium and sodium. The optimal offers show that it is possible to set up balanced, varied, qualitative offers that can be offered for pregnant woman of each trimester that can ensure adequate nutrient intake without additional intake of added supplement