"Türkiye ve Pakistan yerli koyun ırklarında prion protein geni polimorfizmleri taranması"

TÜBİTAK TOVAG01.01.2012Koyun ve keçilerin inkübasyon süresi uzun, ölümcül, merkezi sinir sistemini etkileyen (nörodejeneratif) bir hastalığı olan skrapi; birçok memeli türünü etkileyen bulaşıcı süngerimsi ensefalopatilerden (Transmissible Spongyform Encephalopathy -TSE) yani prion protein hastalıklarından biridir. Koyunda üç ekzon ve iki introndan oluşan prion protein geninde üçüncü ekzon bölgesinde halen 50’den fazla nokta mutasyonu polimorfizmi (TNP) gözlenmiştir. Ancak, skrapiye direnç / hassasiyeti belirleyen prion protein gen bölgesindeki mutasyonların 136, 141, 154 ve 171. kodonlarına dayalı genotiplerin olduğu bildirilmektedir. Avrupa-Asya yelpazesinde birikmiş verilerin çoğunlukla Avrupa’dan olduğu dikkat çekicidir. Halbuki arkeolojik ve genetik veriler Orta Doğu’nun koyun evcilleştirme merkezi olduğunu göstermektedir. Ancak, yapılan çalışmalar incelendiğinde bu bölgeden verilerin daha sınırlı olduğu görülmektedir. Bu çalışmada, skrapi vakasının rapor edilmediği Türkiye yerli koyun ırklarında prion protein gen polimorfizminin 15 farklı populasyonda incelemesi yapılmıştır. Çalışmada prion protein gen bölgesinin 3’üncü ekzon bölgesine ait 745 bç (baz çifti) uzunluğundaki bölgesi 655 bireyde sekanslanarak çalışılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler, Türkiye’de skrapiyi önlemeden sorumlu otoriteler, hayvan yetiştirme birlikleri ve üniversitelerin araştırma birimlerince kullanılması açısından yararlıdır. Ayrıca veriler, Dünya’daki PrP protein polimorfizm verilerinin coğrafi dağılımındaki büyük boşluğu önemli ölçüde doldurmuştur. Çalışmada elde edilen detaylı veriler fonksiyonu tam olarak bilinmeyen PrP protein bölgesinin hangi evrimsel güçler etkisinde olabileceği ile ilgili bilgilere katkılarda bulunmaktadır.Scrapie is an infectious fatal disease of sheep and it is a member of Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies (TSE) (or a prion disease) and affects the central nervous system. Susceptibility to scrapie is associated with polymorphisms in sheep prion protein (PrP) gene, based on their genotypes at codons 136, 141, 154 and 171. In Europe-Asia spectrum, accumulated data is mostly from Europe. Whereas, archeological and genetic evidences indicated that Middle East is the heart of sheep domestication and all of the sheep breeds must have went out from this region. Yet, data from this region is preliminary. The main purpose of the study is to collect an extensive data,covering 14 breeds 15 different populations represented by 655 individuals where each of which are sequenced for 745 base pairs of PrP 3rd exon region. It will be a data where individuals were from Turkey from which scrapie incidence was not reported. This data is important and useful for the authorities responsible from the risk management of scrapie in Turkey, for animal breeders association and for research units of universities. At the same time, it will, considerably, fill the big gap which is present in the data of geographic distribution of PrP polymorphisms in the world. The detailed data obtained by the study will contribute to the understanding of evolutionary mechanisms operating on the PrP gene of which the function is unknown

Interface applications in perovskite based solar cells with self assembled monolayer

YÖK Tez No: 637077Bu tez çalışmasında p-i-n yapı perovskit güneş hücresinde, ITO ile perovskit ara yüzeyi, kendiliğinden dizilen tek tabaka moleküller (SAM) ile modifiye edilerek güç dönüşüm verimliliğindeki iyileştirmeler incelenmiştir. Fenil grupları içeren üç farklı karboksilik asit türevi SAM molekülünün ITO yüzeyine organize olmasıyla ITO'nun iş fonksiyonu azalmıştır. İş fonksiyonun azalması ile Perovskit ile ITO arasındaki enerji bariyeri azalarak daha verimli bir yük transferi olması sağlanmıştır. ITO/Perovskit/PC61BM/Ca/Ag konfigürasyonunda %5,42 güç dönüşüm verimliliği elde edilirken, boşluk taşıyıcı malzeme olarak PEDOT:PSS'in kullanıldığı ITO/PEDOT:PSS/Perovskite/PC61BM/Ca/Ag yapısında %11,66 güç dönüşüm verimliliği elde edilmiştir. MC-2, MZ-187, MZ-325 olarak kodlanan SAM moleküllerinin kullanıldığı ITO/Perovskit/PC61BM/Ca/Ag yapıda sırasıyla %13,43, %14,44, %12,89 güç dönüşüm verimliliği elde edilmiştir. Yüzey analizi ve yapısal karakterizasyon sonuçları da güç dönüşüm verimliliklerindeki pozitif gelişmeyi destekler niteliktedir. En iyi sonuca göre; PEDOT:PSS'in kullanıldığı yapıya göre yaklaşık olarak %24 bir artışla güç dönüşüm verimliliğinde iyileştirme gerçekleşmiştir. Tüm sonuçlara göre ise SAM moleküllerinin PEDOT:PSS'e alternatif malzemeler olacağı açık bir şekilde gösterilmiştir.In this thesis, the p-i-n structure in perovskite solar cell, ITO and the perovskite interfaces are modified with self-assembled monolayer (SAM) molecules to improve power conversion efficiency. With the organization of three different carboxylic acid derivatives SAM molecules containing phenyl groups to the ITO surface, the work function of ITO has decreased. With the decrease in work function, the energy barrier between perovskite and ITO has been reduced and more effective load transfer has been provided. 11.46% power conversion efficiency has been achieved in ITO/PEDOT:PSS/Perovskite/PC61BM/Ca/Ag structure where PEDOT:PSS is used as hole transport material and in the ITO/Perovskite/PC61BM/Ca/Ag structure, 5.42% power conversion efficiency was achieved. Power conversion efficiency of respectively 13.43%, 14.44%, 12.89% in the structure of ITO/SAM/Perovskite/PC61BM/Ca/Ag using SAM molecules encoded as MC-2, MZ-187, MZ-325 were obtained. Surface and structural characterization results also support positive improvement in power conversion efficiencies. According to the best result; improvement in power conversion efficiency has been achieved with an increase of approximately 24% compared to the structure in which PEDOT:PSS is used. According to all results, it is clearly shown that SAM molecules will be alternative materials to PEDOT:PSS

The effect of Ag nanoparticle doping to active layer on photovoltaic efficiency of organic solar cell

Organik güneş hücreleri alternatif enerji kaynaklarından bir tanesidir. Bu teknolojinin ticarileşebilmesinin önündeki tek engel düşük verimlilik değerleridir. Bu çalışmada evrik yapıdaki organik güneş hücrelerinin verimi Ag nanopartiküllerin (np) plazmonik etkilerinden yararlanarak arttırılmıştır. Aygıt konfigürasyonu ITO/ZnO/poli(3-hekziltiofen-2,5-diil) (P3HT): (6,6)-fenil C61 bütirik asit metil ester (PCBM)/MoO3/Ag şeklindedir. Ag np’ler poliol yöntemi ile sentezlenmiş ve X-Işını difraktometresi (XRD) UV-Vis spektrofotometre ve alan emisyonlu taramalı elektron mikroskopu (FESEM) ile karakterize edilmiştir. Daha sonrasında Ag, kütlece %0,125-0,25-0,5 oranlarında P3HT:PCBM’e katkılanmıştır. Referans hücrede verim değeri %3,21 iken %0,25 Ag katkılı aygıtta yaklaşık %7’lik bir verim artışı ile %3,43 değerine ulaşılmıştır.Organic solar cells are one of the alternative energy sources. The only barrier to commercialization of this technology is its low efficiency values. In this study, the efficiency of inverted organic solar cells was increased by utilizing the plasmonic effects of Ag nanoparticles (np). The device configuration is ITO/ZnO/poly(3- hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT):(6,6)-phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM)/MoO3/Ag. Ag np’s were synthesized by polyol method and characterized by X-Ray diffractometry (XRD), Uv-Vis spectrophotometer and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). Afterwards, Ag was added to P3HT:PCBM at the ratios of 0.125-0.25-0.5% by mass. While the efficiency value was 3.21% in the reference cell, it reached 3.43% with an increase of approximately 7% in the 0.25% Ag added device

Effects of Supplemented Spirulina to Layer Diets on Egg Cholesterol Level and Fatty Acid Composition

Spirulina is a photosynthetic, single-cell microalgae. Microalgae could be utilized for the production of several chemicals which are either unique to the algae or found at relatively high concentrations and command a high market value. In this respect, Spirulina is one of the more promising microalgae. It is especially rich, relative to other sources, in the polyunsaturated fatty acid γ-linolenic acid (GLA), and in pigments such as phycocyanin, myxoxanthophyl and zeaxanthin. Spirulina containing 5-6% total lipid ratio, 1.5-2% polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), contains 36% of α-linoleic acid as total PUFAs. It also contains precious fatty acids such as Linoleic Acid, Stearidonic Acid, Eicosapentaenoic Acid, Dodosahexaenoic Acid, Arachidonic Acid. The present study was conducted to evaluate whether dietary Spirulina would affect egg cholesterol level and fatty acid composition of ATAK-S. Seventy two similar weight layer hens at the 38 weeks age were randomly divided to four groups comprising 18 birds each. The hens were fed with standard layer diets containing %0, %0.5, %1, %2 Spirulina for 8 weeks. The hens were housed in individual cages. 16:8 hours light:dark photoperiod was employed. Feed and water were given ad libitum. Egg cholesterol was assessed by weekly and the fatty acid composition of the egg yolk was analyzed at the end of experimental period. The results showed that dietary supplemental Spirulina did not have significant effect on egg yolk cholesterol level (P>0.05), but the fatty acid composition is significant affected by the ratio of stearic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, omega-6 and polyunsaturated fatty acids (p<0.05)

Performance enhancement of inverted perovskite solar cells through interface engineering by TPD based bidentate self-assembled monolayers

WOS:000539377300038Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have recently appeared as a promising photovoltaic technology and attracted great interest in both photovoltaic industry and academic community. Numerous active researches related to the material processing and operational aspects of device fabrication are under progress since PSCs have a great potential for attaining higher performance compared to that of other solar cell technologies. In particular, interfacial engineering is a crucial issue for obtaining high efficiency in solar cells where perovskite absorber layer is deposited between hole and electron transport layers. In inverted type architecture, PEDOT:PSS is used as both hole transport layer and surface modifier; but unfortunately, this material bears instability due to its acidic nature. Thus, self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) not only are considered as suitable alternative, but also their application is regarded as an efficient and cost effective method to modify electrode surface since it provides a robust and stable surface coverage. In this context, we have employed two novel N,N'-bis(3-methylphenyl)-N,N'-diphenylbenzidine (TPD) based SAM molecules to customize indium tin oxide (ITO) surface in inverted type PSCs. Furthermore, fine-tuning of spacer groups enables us to study device performance depending on molecular structure. This study proposes promising materials for anode interface engineering and provides a feasible approach for production of organic semiconductor based SAMs to achieve high performance PSCs

Structural properties of cadmium selenide nanowires prepared by chemical bath deposition for the electrical and photosensitive characteristics of the p-Si/CdSe heterojunction

WOS:000590138400017Cadmium selenide (n-CdSe) thin films were grown on a silicon substrate with a polished surface and applied to the Schottky type device structure. The n-CdSe thin films produced depended on various deposition times at 70 degrees C by the use of the chemical bath deposition technique. XRD results show that the fabricated thin films consist of both cubic and hexagonal crystal systems. The morphology of CdSe was formed in nanograins and nanowire structures with respect to deposition times of 6 and 10 h, respectively. In addition to structural analysis of CdSe thin films, CdSe nanowires were used as an interfacial layer in a metal-semiconductor device to investigate its effects on the electrical and photosensitive characteristics of the device. As well as under forward bias current-voltage (I - V) conditions, the space charge limited current conduction behaviors were identified at low voltages. The results showed that the film produced at 10 h has a better performance compared to that produced at 6 h in terms of increased electric current.This study was supported by the Research Fund of Mersin University in Turkey with Project No. 2017-2-TP3-2593 and Toros University with Project No. 2020-MUH-AKH-01

Influence of end groups variation of self assembled monolayers on performance of planar perovskite solar cells by interface regulation

WOS:000604244800006We present the synthesis and application of new class of self-assembled monolayer molecules (SAMs) for acquiring feasible interfacial engineering in inverted type perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The proposed SAMs bearing different electron donating terminal groups have been utilized to tune the work function of indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes. Fine-tuning of terminal groups of the SAMs allows us to compare relationship between molecular structures and device parameters. Moreover, ionic and hybrid nature of perovskite enables forming various chemical interactions with terminal groups of SAMs. Employed SAMs has resulted in permanent increase in work function of ITO, increase power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the cells and passivation of trap states at the interface between electrode and perovskite layer. The present study provides new insights into correlation between molecular engineering and solar cell performance through treating holistic comparison of synthesized molecules at the interface of ITO and perovskite layer. © 2020 Elsevier Lt

Yumurtacı tavuk rasyonlarına ilave edilen karabiber (Piper nigrum) ve zerdeçal (Curcuma longa L.) tozunun performans ve yumurta kalitesine etkileri

The present study was initiated to determine whether dietary supplemental black pepper and turmeric powder affect performance and egg quality of Brown laying hens. The birds were fed basal diets (control group), black pepper (1.5 g/kg), turmeric powder (1.5 g/kg) and black pepper (0.75 g/kg) + turmeric powder (0.75 g/kg) supplemented diets. The results obtained at the end of the seven weeks period showed that black pepper and turmeric powder affected egg strength and yolk colour score of “a” of the birds and also the yolk colour score of “b” and albumen pH tended to slightly improv

Microbiological and Nutrient Analysis of Spiriluna platensis Produced in Poultry Manure Enriched Medium

Spirulina platensis is an interesting source of important protein for both human and animal consumption, which is cyanobacteria, is a crucial functional food additive. Spirulina platensis which is a photosynthetic micro algae, contains high crude protein content (62-70%) as well as precious metabolites (Fox, 1996). Recent studies have propound that dry chicken manure can be used as low-cost nitrogen source in cultivation of Spirulina platensis (Ungsethaphand at al., 2007). Dry chicken manure(DCM) contains most of elements particularly nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) which microalg need for growth and flourish. In Turkey, about 7 million tons of poultry manure creates environmental problems per year(Eleroğlu at al., 2013). The aim of study, cell density was counted and dry biomass were analyzed (DCM medium) was to compare the microbiological quality of Spirulina platensis cultured in standart medium and DCM medium.Çukurova University Scientific Research Project Commission (Project Number: CUBAP-09/2017-9767)