Apoptotic effect of bortezomib on pancreatic islet cells in STZ-induced diabetic rats

This study aimed to investigate the possible apoptotic role of bortezomib (BMZ) on pancreatic islets of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats.Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into groups that were administered BMZ alone or in combination with STZ. To evaluate the effect of BMZ on the development of diabetes, blood glucose levels were measured regularly in the animals. Islet cell viability was determined by staining the islets with fluorescein diacetate and propidium iodide. Expression of the Bcl-2 and bax genes was determined in islet cells by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.Results: Administering STZ-induced hyperglycemia in the rats reduced the viability of islet cells and the bcl-2/bax ratio. In the group administered BMZ alone, the bcl-2/bax gene expression rate in islets increased significantly compared to the control group. BMZ co-administered with STZ significantly increased islet cell viability and the bcl-2/bax ratio compared to the diabetic group.Conclusions: This study demonstrates that BMZ may protect pancreatic islet cells from apoptosis by increasing islet viability and upregulating the bcl-2/bax gene expression ratio, even though it failed to protect against the destructive effect of STZ

The effect of terebinth (pistacia terebinthuzl) plant extract on hemetological and some serum biochemical parameters in carp (cyprinus carpio l)

In this study, the effects of terebinth (Pislacia terebinthus) fruit extract, which has the properties of being an antioxidant, anti -carcinogen, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-mutagenic, in different doses (5, 10, and 20 ppm) and durations (4 and 30 days) on hematological and some biochemical parameters in carp (Cyprinus carpio L) were researched. At the end of the experiment, a statistically significant increase from the hematological parameters was determined (p<0.05) in the total leukocyte (WBC), erythrocyte (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Hct), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) values in the 10 and 20 ppm dosage groups compared with the control group. In the thrombocyte (Thr) levels, however a decrease in the acute phase and increase in the subchronic phase was seen (p<0.05) compared with the control group. The increases that occurred in the serum electrolytes from the biochemical parameters [sodium (Na), phosphorus (P), chloride (Cl), calcium (Ca), serum metabolites [total protein (Tp) and albumin (Alb)n and the decreases that occurred in the levels of serum enzymes [alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST)] and K+ were found to be statistically significant (p<0.05). It was understood in the study that the terebinth fruit extracts induce hematopoietic organs in the acute and sub chronic phase and didn't cause a hepatotoxic effect in the liver tissue, and it is thought that the inclusion of this kind of plant-based stimulants into fish food, it could demonstrate stress -reducing and growth-accelerant qualities in fish

Effects of pesticide NeemAzal-T/S on thyroid, stress hormone and some cytokines levels in freshwater common carp, Cyprinus carpio L

Örün, İbrahim ( Aksaray, Yazar )In this study, the effects of azadirachtin (AZA) on thyroid axis hormones [thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free/total triiodothyronine (FT3/TT3), free/total thyroxine (FT4/TT4)], stress axis [cortisol, adrenocorticotropic hormones (ACTH)] and cytokines [tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), interleukin-6 (IL-6)] levels in carp fish exposed to 1.20 ppm and 2.40 ppm AZA for 4 days and 30 days were investigated. As a result of our study, the increase in serum TSH, FT3, FT4, ACTH, cortisol, TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta and IL-6 levels and decreases in serum TT3 and TT4 levels were found to be statistically significant depending on the dose and time (p < 0.05)

Research of the hematological, antioxidant and histopathological effects of Neemazal-T/S on common carp fish Cyprinus carpio (Linneaus 1758)

*Örün, İbrahim ( Aksaray, Yazar )Neemazal-T/S is an organic pesticide that is a commercial form of azadirachtin (AZA). In this study, the common carp fish (Cyprinus carpio) was exposed to different concentrations of AZA (1.2 and 2.4 ppm) in acute (4 days) and subchronic (30 days) periods. The aim of this study is to evaluate the hematological, antioxidant and histopathological effects of AZA on carp. Total leukocyte count (WBC), granulocyte count, hematocrit (Hct), hemoglobin (Hb), mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) values were decreased in 2.4 ppm exposure whereas there was an increase in mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) level and there wasn't any difference was found in monocyte ratios. In time-dependent comparisons; WBC, lymphocyte, granulocyte ratios, Hb concentration and Hct values were statistically significant in 2.4 ppm exposure in the subchronic period. Increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and decrease in superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) enzyme activities in gill and liver tissues were found in both dose groups compared to the control group. Depending on the time, MDA level in subchronic period in both tissues were increased. Also depending on the time SOD, CAT and GPx enzyme activities in dose groups between both tissues were reduced. In gill tissues epithelial separation, flattening and shortening in the secondary epithelial lamellae and in liver tissues vacuolar degeneration, mononuclear infiltration and hydropic degeneration in the sinusoidal space histopathological defects were observed in subchronic period. Our study indicates that Neemazal-T/S has a toxicological effect on common carp hematological parameters, antioxidant enzyme system and histopathology

Toxic effects of the synthetic pyrethroid permethrin on the hematological parameters and antioxidant enzyme systems of the freshwater fish Cyprinus carpio L

This study investigated changes in hematological and antioxidant parameters of carp exposed to two different doses of synthetic pyrethroid permethrin (control, vehicle, 10 ppm, and 20 ppm) for two different periods (4 days and 21 days). Hematological analyses were then performed on a veterinary Ms4 (Melet Schloesing, France) blood counter using commercially available kits (Cat. No. WD1153). Buege and Aust for MDA, Luck for CAT, McCord and Frivovich for SOD, Lawrence and Burk methods for GSH-Px were used to determine antioxidant parameters. Decreases in RBC count, Hb amount, Hct value, granulocyte ratios, and increases in total WBC and lymphocyte ratios were statistically significant in both dose groups treated with permethrin compared to the control group (p 0.05). Overall, permethrin exposure caused an increase in MDA levels in the liver and gill tissues of carp in both dose and duration groups compared to the control group. Also, no statistically significant difference between the two dose groups in the liver tissue was observed in terms of duration (p > 0.05). Nonetheless, the increase in MDA levels in PERM10 and PERM20 dose groups in the gill tissues over 21 days was statistically significant (p 0.05). As a result, permethrin produced a toxic effect on Cyprinus carpio, triggering changes in blood parameters and inducing the antioxidant enzyme system

Modulating effect of selenium on gills of fish exposed to heavy metals

The present study was performed to understand the preventive effect of selenium (Se4+) on heavy metal stress induced by Cd2+ and Cr3+ in rainbow trout. Changes in glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and in malondialdehyde (MDA) level in gill tissue of rainbow trout after 7 days of exposure to Cd 2+ and Cr3+ were investigated in the presence and absence of Se4+. Heavy metals treated groups exhibited significant decreases (P&lt;0.05) in GSH-Px, CAT, SOD activities of gill, and an increase (P&lt;0.05) in MDA levels, compared to the control. In the presence of Se4+, GSH-Px activity and SOD activity were found to be higher and MDA levels were lower compared with in its absence. In the light of our findings, it could be stated that Cd2+ and Cr3+ lead to dramatic changes in biochemical parameters and selenium caused these parameters to converge to control levels when it was administered concurrently with these heavy metals. Selenium fully or partially restored enzyme activities. Lipid peroxidation was also decreased in selenium treated groups. © by psp

Effects of propolis on blood biochemical and hematological parameters in nitric oxide synthase inhibited rats by N omega-Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester

WOS: 000325830800009PubMed: 24035946This study showed the effects of propolis on biochemical and hematological parameters in chronic nitric oxide synthase inhibited rats by N-omega-Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME). Rats are given L-NAME for 15 days and the propolis for the last 5 days with L-NAME together. The levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and gamma glutamyltransferase in the L-NAME group compared to control group have increased (P<0.05). The levels of these parameters in L-NAME+propolis group compared to the L-NAME group have decreased (P<0.05). L-NAME caused increase (P<0.05) in levels of glucose, albumin, globulin, creatinine, urea, triglyceride and cholesterol. Erythrocyte number, total leukocyte, hemoglobin, hematocrit, neutrophil and monocyte decreased (P<0.05), platelets and lymphocyte increased (P<0.05) in L-NAME+propolis group compared to the L-NAME group. The study concluded that homeostasis is modulated in L-NAME administrated rats by adding propolis which causes increasing generation of vascular nitric oxide.Nigde University Research Fund [FEB 2008/25]Nigde University Research Fund (FEB 2008/25) is gratefully acknowledged for support of this work. Thanks for his help to Dr. Engin Sahna at Firat University in Turkey about animal research

The Effects of Cadmium on fatty acid composition in the muscle and skin of juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum 1792)

In this study, the effect of 1 mg L-1 (ppm) dose of Cadmium (Cd) on fatty acid composition in the muscle and skin tissues of fanned rainbow trout has been investigated. The effect of Cd was evaluated for 72 h of exposure times. Palmitic acid (16:0), palmitoleic acid (16:1), stearic acid (18:0), oleic acid (18:1), linoleic acid (18:2), linolenic acid (18:3), arachidonic acid (20:4), eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5), docosapentaenoic acid (22:5) and docosahekzaenoic acid (22:6) in fatty acid composition of both skin and muscle tissues have been found. While they were observed that the amounts of palmitic acid, stearic acid increased, palmitoleic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, arachidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, docosapentaenoic acid and docosahekzaenoic acid decreased in the skin and muscle tissues in fish exposed to the Cd compared with control groups. It was also found that Cd had reduced effects on palmitoleic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, arachidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, docosapentaenoic acid and docosahekzaenoic acid belong to unsaturated fatty acid in both skin and muscle tissues. © Medwell Journals, 2010

Evaluation of metal accumulation,oxidative stress biochemical and hematological parameters in Sander lucioperca L.,1758 from Bafra (Samsun) Fish Lakes

Fish, generally accumulate contaminants from aquatic ecosystems, have been largely used in environmental researches. In this study, heavy metal levels (Cd, Co, Ni, Cu, Fe, Se, Zn, Cr, Mn and As) were determined with ICPOES in some tissues (muscle, liver, gill, gonad and kidney) of Sander lucioperca L., 1758 living in Bafra Fish Lakes. In addition, antioxidant enzyme activities (CAT, GSH-Px and SOD), MDA levels, blood biochemical and hematological parameters were studied. Generally heavy metal levels in tissues were lower than the limits prescribed in European Communities, the Turkish Food Codex (TFC) and the literature. But, we have found high levels of As, Cd and Zn in some tissues (muscle, gill, kidney and gonad). The changes in the other parameters of our study were also discussed in terms of heavy metal levels. In conclusion, it is possible that heavy metals levels may increase in fishes living in Bafra Fish Lakes in the future via anthropogenic sources. Therefore, we suggest that heavy metal levels should be monitored regularly. © by PSP

Sultansuyu (Malatya) Baraj Gölünde yaşayan bazı ekonomik balık türleri üzerinde biyokimyasal ve limnolojik incelemeler

Işık, Mustafa (Aksaray Author)In this study, hematological and biochemical investigations were carried out on Cyprinus carpio, Leuciscus cephalus, Capoeta trutta ve Capoeta capoeta umbla fish species living in Sultansuyu Dam Lake (Malatya). The physical, chemical and microbiological features of the reservoir were specified and heavy metal analyses were also conducted. As a result of hematological investigation, a statistical increase of P&lt;0.05 in total leukocyte count, and a decrease of P&lt;0.05 in erytrocyte, hemoglobin and hematocrit values were observed. With respect to microbiological analysis, the presence of Enterococcus shows the drainage of domestic wastes into the reservoir. With water analyses, it was found out that the water quality was second rate and the sulphur content in the water was above standard levels. The existence of large amount of sulphur was presumed to be the result of apricot processing. Significant heavy metal pollution was not observed.Bu çalışmada Sultansuyu (Malatya) Baraj Gölü’nde yaşayan Cyprinus carpio, Leuciscus cephalus, Capoeta trutta ve Capoeta capoeta umbla balık türlerinde hematolojik ve biyokimyasal inceleme yapılmıştır. Ayrıca gölün fiziksel, kimyasal, mikrobiyolojik ve ağır metal analizleri yürütülmüştür. Hematolojik incelemede total lökosit sayılarında istatistiksel olarak bir artma P<0,05, eritrosit hemoglobin ve hematokrit değerlerinde bir azalma P<0,05 olduğu saptanmıştır. Mikrobiyal analizde Enterococcus varlığı evsel atıkların drenaj edildiği göstermektedir. Su analizlerinden suyun ikince kalite su olduğu ve suyun kükürt miktarının standartların üstünde bulunduğu belirlenmiş olup, kaynağının yörede yapılan kayısıcılıktan kaynaklandığı düşünülmüştür. Ağır metal yönünden önemli bir kirliliğe rastlanılmamıştır