Health care needs and quality of life of elderly in home care in Reykjavik, 1997

Neðst á síðunni er hægt að nálgast greinina í heild sinni með því að smella á hlekkinn View/OpenObjective: It is increasingly emphasized that the elderly should be supported to live at home as long as possible. The purpose of this study was to describe the health and conditions of people in home care. Material and methods: Individuals who received home care in the Reykjavik area in autumn of 1997 were assessed with the Minimum Data Set-Resident Assessment Instrument for Home Care, MDS-RAI HC. Results: The study evaluated 257 individuals at four primary care health centers. The mean age was 82.7 years, women were 78.6%, living alone were 62.5%, and they had received home care on average of 2.4 years. Almost all were independent in primary activities of daily living, ADL, but about half needed help with instrumental activities of daily living (IADL). Impaired cognition was observed in 40% of individuals, depressive symptoms in 18%, daily pain was noted in 47% and 47% assessed their health as poor. Loneliness was expressed by 21%, 18% had not gone out doors in over 30 days and 27% were always alone during the day. The mean number of hours during two weeks was 3.5 hours in nursing care and 9.5 hours in home help. Thirty-four percent took 9 or more medications. Conclusion: Individuals in home care were independent in ADL but needed assistance with IADL. There are important quality of life issues that are of concern. Further research is needed in home care with particular emphasis on improvement of well being.Tilgangur: Vaxandi áhersla er lögð á að aldraðir geti búið heima sem lengst, en rannsóknir á högum aldraðra Íslendinga sem njóta þjónustu í heimahúsum eru takmarkaðar. Markmið rannsóknarinnar var að lýsa heilsufari, líðan og aðstæðum fólks í heimaþjónustu. Aðferð: Einstaklingarnir sem nutu heimaþjónustu heilsugæslunnar á Reykjavíkursvæðinu haustið 1997 voru metnir með MDS-RAI HC (Minimum Data Set-Resident Assessment Instrument for Home Care) mælitækinu. Niðurstöður: Metnir voru 257 einstaklingar á fjórum heilsugæslustöðvum. Meðalaldur var 82,7 ár, 62,5% bjuggu einir, og höfðu þeir notið heimaþjónustu að meðaltali í 2,4 ár. Konur voru 78,6%. Nær allir voru sjálfbjarga með persónulegar athafnir daglegs lífs (ADL), en 53% þurftu aðstoð við böðun. Um helmingur þurftu mikla aðstoð við almennar athafnir daglegs lífs (IADL). Skert minni var hjá tæplega 40% einstaklinganna en dapurt yfirbragð hjá 18%. Átján prósent höfðu aldrei farið út úr húsi á 30 daga tímabili, 27% voru alltaf einir yfir daginn, en 21% tjáði sig um einmanaleika. Daglegir verkir greindust hjá 47% einstaklinganna og 47% töldu heilsufar sitt vera lélegt. Á 14 dögum var meðalfjöldi klukkustunda á skjólstæðing í heimahjúkrun 3,5 klukkustundir og heimilishjálp 9,5 klukkustundir. Lyfjanotkun var mikil og voru 34% á níu lyfjum eða fleiri. Ályktun: Einstaklingar í heimahjúkrun eru sjálfbjarga með ADL en þeir þurfa aðstoð við almenn dagleg verk og böðun. Ýmis atriði sem snerta lífsgæði þyrfti að skoða nánar með hliðsjón af því hvort bæta megi líðan þeirra sem njóta þjónustunna

Some methodological issues using labour force survey data for mobility research

The paper discusses the use of Labour Force Survey (LFS) data in mobility research. Design, conceptual, statistical, and other issues are addressed. Mobility figures emanating from Icelandic LFS and tax register data are then compared. These aspects of LFS data are of interest because they illuminate the differences between using survey data and register data in estimating mobility rates. The differences in actual numbers produced using the two types of data can be quite substantial. These methodological considerations are the output of a Nordic project which is dealing with the flow of human capital through job mobility in general, through researcher mobility in particular, and through migration between the Nordic countries. The project is jointly undertaken by STEP, The Danish Institute for Studies in Research and Research Policy, Statistics Finland, Statistics Iceland, and Vinnova

Assessment of health and caring needs in nursing homes. The Resident Assessment Instrument, its development and some pilot study results

Neðst á síðunni er hægt að nálgast greinina í heild sinni með því að smella á hlekkinn View/OpenThose elderly living in institutions have multiple social, health and mental problems, in addition to loss of function. The Resident Assessment Instrument assesses the individual in detail and his caring needs. Resident Assessment Protocols come with the instrument and a handbook that describes how to evaluate specific problems further. Quality indicators allow comparisons between institutions and thus the quality of care can be assessed in comparable groups of residents. The elderly can be put into defined resource utilisation groups and an average cost calculated per unit or nursing home. A pilot study was conducted in Iceland in 1994 to examine the utility of the instrument. It was shown that most of the residents were viewed as competent according to documents, even if about half of them had considerable cognitive dysfunction. Dementia was the most common diagnosis. One fourth of the residents took antidepressant medications and 54-62% took sedatives or hypnotic drugs. Eight out of 10 had dentures and one third had difficulty chewing. Many more interesting findings showed up that are described in a special report.Aldraðir sem dvelja á stofnunum búa við margvíslegan félagslegan, heilsufarslegan og andlegan vanda, auk færnitaps. Lýst er RAI mælitækinu (Resident Assessment Instrument) sem metur ítarlega heilsufar og aðbúnað aldraðra á stofnunum. Mælitækinu fylgja matslyklar og leiðbeiningarhandbók sem lýsa viðbrögðum við greindum vandamálum. Gæðavísar gera kleift að meta gæði þeirrar umönnunar sem veitt er á einstökum stofnunum. Jafnframt er hægt að reikna út svokallaða þyngdarstuðla sem gefa til kynna kostnað við að annast mismunandi hópa aldraðra innan elli- og hjúkrunarheimilanna. Forkönnun var gerð á notagildi RAI mælitækisins á Íslandi árið 1994. í þeirri könnun kom meðal annars fram að nær allir vistmenn voru skráðir sjálfráða, enda þótt um það bil helmingur hafi haft einhvers konar vitræna skerðingu. Heilabilun var ein algengasta sjúkdómsgreiningin. Fjórðungur allra tók geðdeyfðarlyf og 54-62% íbúanna tóku róandi lyf og svefnlyf. Átta af hverjum 10 voru með gervitennur og um þriðjungur átti erfitt með að tyggja. Margar fleiri athyglisverðar niðurstöður komu fram og er þeim lýst í sérstakri skýrslu

Flows of human capital in the Nordic countries 1988-1998

Competence is a key ingredient for innovation and growth. The prosperity of a nation depends on the knowledge, skills and experience that can be put to work in the operation and development of its economic and social life. Research, education of the young, and lifelong learning are being heralded as crucial mechanisms for supplying businesses and the public sector alike with new and updated competence

Mobility of human capital – the Nordic countries, 1988-1998

The report gives detailed annual statistics of job-to-job mobility in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden for the period 1988-1998. Complete annual matched employee/employer datasets for the four countries make up the bulk of the data. In order to develop benchmarks for mobility and stylised facts concerning the influence of various background variables, the statistics are broken down over personal attributes such as gender, age, family status and education, and economic variables such as sector and firm size. The report deals thoroughly with the influence of the business cycle on mobility rates. These statistics are of interest because mobility between firms is a major diffusion mechanism for knowledge in the economy. In order to look at the flow of human capital rather than humans per se, education is chosen as an indicator for formal knowledge and age as an indicator for experience. Working with register data as here (as opposed to surveys with smaller samples) gives major advantages but also some challenges which are addressed. These first comprehensive detailed statistics of the flow of human capital in job-to-job mobility in the Nordic countries are the output of a Nordic project which is also dealing with researcher mobility in particular and with the flow of human capital between the Nordic countries through migration. The project is jointly undertaken by STEP, The Danish Institute for Studies in Research and Research Policy, Statistics Finland, Statistics Iceland, and Vinnova

Nordic Cross-border Statistics : The results of the Nordic Mobility project 2016-2020

Nordic Cross-border Statistics were produced in the years 2016 to 2020 as a part of the project ‘Nordic Mobility’. The project was initiated by the former Finnish Presidency of the Nordic Council of Ministers in 2016 and was funded by the Nordic Council of Ministers. All Nordic statistical institutes – Statistics Denmark, Statistics Iceland, Statistics Norway and Statistics Sweden – participated in the project which was coordinated by Statistics Finland. The project succeeded in producing the first ever systematic collection of Nordic statistics on mobility that includes all five Nordic countries. The matrices produced in the project are disseminated in the Nordic Statistics database (https://www.nordicstatistics.org/).

Health care needs and quality of life of elderly in home care in Reykjavik, 1997

Neðst á síðunni er hægt að nálgast greinina í heild sinni með því að smella á hlekkinn View/OpenObjective: It is increasingly emphasized that the elderly should be supported to live at home as long as possible. The purpose of this study was to describe the health and conditions of people in home care. Material and methods: Individuals who received home care in the Reykjavik area in autumn of 1997 were assessed with the Minimum Data Set-Resident Assessment Instrument for Home Care, MDS-RAI HC. Results: The study evaluated 257 individuals at four primary care health centers. The mean age was 82.7 years, women were 78.6%, living alone were 62.5%, and they had received home care on average of 2.4 years. Almost all were independent in primary activities of daily living, ADL, but about half needed help with instrumental activities of daily living (IADL). Impaired cognition was observed in 40% of individuals, depressive symptoms in 18%, daily pain was noted in 47% and 47% assessed their health as poor. Loneliness was expressed by 21%, 18% had not gone out doors in over 30 days and 27% were always alone during the day. The mean number of hours during two weeks was 3.5 hours in nursing care and 9.5 hours in home help. Thirty-four percent took 9 or more medications. Conclusion: Individuals in home care were independent in ADL but needed assistance with IADL. There are important quality of life issues that are of concern. Further research is needed in home care with particular emphasis on improvement of well being.Tilgangur: Vaxandi áhersla er lögð á að aldraðir geti búið heima sem lengst, en rannsóknir á högum aldraðra Íslendinga sem njóta þjónustu í heimahúsum eru takmarkaðar. Markmið rannsóknarinnar var að lýsa heilsufari, líðan og aðstæðum fólks í heimaþjónustu. Aðferð: Einstaklingarnir sem nutu heimaþjónustu heilsugæslunnar á Reykjavíkursvæðinu haustið 1997 voru metnir með MDS-RAI HC (Minimum Data Set-Resident Assessment Instrument for Home Care) mælitækinu. Niðurstöður: Metnir voru 257 einstaklingar á fjórum heilsugæslustöðvum. Meðalaldur var 82,7 ár, 62,5% bjuggu einir, og höfðu þeir notið heimaþjónustu að meðaltali í 2,4 ár. Konur voru 78,6%. Nær allir voru sjálfbjarga með persónulegar athafnir daglegs lífs (ADL), en 53% þurftu aðstoð við böðun. Um helmingur þurftu mikla aðstoð við almennar athafnir daglegs lífs (IADL). Skert minni var hjá tæplega 40% einstaklinganna en dapurt yfirbragð hjá 18%. Átján prósent höfðu aldrei farið út úr húsi á 30 daga tímabili, 27% voru alltaf einir yfir daginn, en 21% tjáði sig um einmanaleika. Daglegir verkir greindust hjá 47% einstaklinganna og 47% töldu heilsufar sitt vera lélegt. Á 14 dögum var meðalfjöldi klukkustunda á skjólstæðing í heimahjúkrun 3,5 klukkustundir og heimilishjálp 9,5 klukkustundir. Lyfjanotkun var mikil og voru 34% á níu lyfjum eða fleiri. Ályktun: Einstaklingar í heimahjúkrun eru sjálfbjarga með ADL en þeir þurfa aðstoð við almenn dagleg verk og böðun. Ýmis atriði sem snerta lífsgæði þyrfti að skoða nánar með hliðsjón af því hvort bæta megi líðan þeirra sem njóta þjónustunna