Studies on antioxidant activity, volatile compound and fatty acid composition of different parts of Glycyrrhiza echinata L.

The essential oil compound, fatty acid composition and the in vitro antioxidant activity of the root and aerial of Glycyrrhiza echinata L., a medicinal plant growing in Turkey, have been studied. The antioxidant capacity tests were designed to evaluate the antioxidant activities of methanol extracts. Total phenolic and flavonoid concentrations of each extract were also determined by using both Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and aluminum chloride. The aerial part was found to possess the highest total phenolic content (146.30 ± 4.58 mg GAE/g) and total antioxidant capacity (175.33 ± 3.98 mg AE/g). The essential oil from root and aerial parts was analyzed by gas chromatography mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) systems. The major components identified were n-hexadecanoic acid, hexahydro farnesyl acetone, α-caryophyllen, hexanal and phytol. In fatty acid profiles of plant, palmitic, stearic, oleic and linoleic acid were detected as the main components. The results of this study have shown that the extracts G. echinata are suitable as a natural antioxidant and food supplement source for pharmacological and food industries due to their beneficial chemical composition and antioxidant capacity

Phenolic compounds, antioxidant properties and enzyme inhibition ability of adiantum capillus veneris L. linked to alzheimer's disease, diabetes mellitus and skin disorders

WOS: 000447281500005Adiantum capillus-veneris L. is one of the best ferns that are used in traditional medicine for breaking kidney stones. This study aimed to evaluate antioxidant activity of the different extracts of A. capillus-veneris using the phosphomolybdenum assay, free radical scavenging activity (DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and cupric ion reducing power activity test (CUPRAC). Besides, the enzyme inhibition activities were determined against acetylcholinesterase, tyrosinase, alpha-glucosidase and alpha-amylase. Total and individual phenolic compounds were also determined by spectrophotometric and HPLC methods, respectively. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were found to change between 354-441 mg GAE/g and 23-123 mg QE/g, respectively. The major phenolic compounds were benzoic acid, epicatechin, syringic acid and catechin. Methanol and ethyl acetate extracts exhibited stronger antioxidant abilities compared to water extract. A. capillus-veneris extracts showed high enzyme inhibition activities except for butrylcholinesterase. The results indicated that the different extracts of A. capillus-veneris L. can be used as natural sources of antioxidants and enzyme inhibitors

Coating of 15-15-15 fertilizer with chitosan and characterization of the obtained powder materials

Gübrelerin polimerler ile kaplanarak daha yavaş ve uzun süre salınımı hem ekonomik hem de çevre kirliliğinin önüne geçilmesi açısından son derece önemlidir. Atık kerevit kabuklarından üretilen kitosanın biyolojik orijinli ve çevre dostu olması nedeniyle mevcut çalışmada tercih edilmiş ve 15-15-15 gübresinin kaplanması amaçlı kullanılmıştır. Kitosan ile 15-15-15 gübresinin kaplanması için çapraz bağlayıcı olarak glutaraldehit kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada farklı konsantrasyonlarda gübrelerin kaplanması denenmiş ve bu sayede kitosanın 15-15-15 gübresini taşıma kapasitesi belirlenmiştir. Kaplama sonrası üretilen toz örnekler fourier dönüşümlü kızıl ötesi spektrometresi (FT-IR), termogravimetrik analiz (TGA) ve taramalı elektron mikroskobu (SEM) teknikleri kullanılarak karakterize edilmiştir. Ardından kaplama yapılan gübrelerin toprakta günlere bağlı olarak bozunma yüzdeleri belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen tüm sonuçlar değerlendirildiğinde, glutaraldehit ile çapraz bağlananmış kitosan–15-15-15 gübre formülasyonunun tarım ve bahçecilik uygulamalarında pratik olarak kullanılabileceği ortaya konmuştur.The slower and longer release of fertilizers by coating them with polymers is extremely important in terms of both economic and prevention of environmental pollution. Chitosan produced from waste crayfish shells was preferred in the current study because of its biological origin and environmental friendliness, and was used for the coating of 15-15-15 fertilizer. Glutaraldehyde was used as a crosslinker for the coating of 15-15-15 fertilizer with chitosan. In the study, the coating of fertilizers at different concentrations was tried and the carrying capacity of chitosan for 15-15-15 fertilizer was determined. Powder samples produced after coating were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. Then, the degradation rates of the coated fertilizers in the soil were determined depending on the days. Considering all the obtained results, it has been revealed that chitosan–15-15-15 fertilizer formulation crosslinked with glutaraldehyde can be used practically in agricultural and horticultural applications

The biotechnological potential of Artemia salina fatty acids

In the study, fatty acids of Artemia salina that is commonly used in both aquarium fishing and culture fishing due to its high nutritional content were investigated against fish and human pathogenic microorganisms to determine biotechnological potential in feed/food and pharmaceutical industry. Analysis of fatty acids by gas chromatography revealed the presence of higher amounts of unsaturated fatty acids than saturated fatty acids. To evaluate the antimicrobial activity of A. salina fatty acids, disc diffusion and microdilution broth methods were used. The antimicrobial activities of the fatty acids were determined against 4 different fish pathogens. The antimicrobial activity assay results showed that the fatty acids were the most active against Vibrio alginolyticus. The fatty acids were also tested against clinical and foodborne pathogen microorganisms (thirteen bacteria and one yeast). The antimicrobial test results showed that the fatty acids of A. salina showed varying degrees of antimicrobial activity on the tested microorganisms except for Escherichia coli O157:H7, Micrococcus luteus NRRL B-4375 and Salmonella enteritidis ATCC 13076. The results presented here may suggest that the fatty acids of A. salina possess antimicrobial properties against both fish and human clinical and foodborne pathogens, and therefore can be used as a natural preservative ingredient in the feed and/or pharmaceutical industry

Antioxidant activity and biochemical screening of two glycyrrhiza l. Species

WOS: 000375143700006Aims: Glycyrrhiza L. is one of the most widely used plants in traditional medicine since antiquity. For the determining of the biochemical composition and antioxidant activity of methanolic extracts of two Glycyrrhiza species different parts. Study Design: In the current study, antioxidant activities, essential oils and fatty acid compositions of root and aerial parts of G. iconica and G. flavescens subsp. flavescens were examined. To measure antioxidant activities of methanol extracts, different chemical methods were carried out. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Biology, Physiology and Biochemistry Research Laboratory (December 2011-November 2012). Methodology: The antioxidant capacity tests were designed to evaluate the antioxidant activities of methanol extracts of Glycyrrhiza species tested. The extracts will be executed for their possible antioxidant activities by five different test systems namely total antioxidant capacity (phosphomolibdat assay), beta-carotene/linoleic acid test system, free radical scavenging (DPPH), ferric and cupric ion reducing power (CUPRAC). Total phenolic and flavonoid concentrations of each extract were also determined by using both Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and aluminum chloride. Results: The root of G. iconica showed the highest activity in all methods. The major components of essential oils from Glycyrrhiza species were 1-pentylcyclobutene, naphtalene, hexahydro farnesyl acetone, phytol, dimethylamine and n-hexadecanoic acid. In fatty acid profiles of these two taxa, the main fatty acids were palmitic and linoleic acids. Conclusion: Our results showed that studied parts of two Glycyrrhiza species can be used as an easily accessible source of natural antioxidants that could be important in pharmaceutical industry.scientific and technological research council of turkey (tubitak); [111t614]This research was supported financially as a project (project no: 111t614). We thank to the scientific and technological research council of turkey (tubitak) for financial support

Evaluation of antioxidant potential of two Daphne species (D. gnidioides and D. pontica) from Turkey

Çakmak, Yavuz Selim (Aksaray, Yazar)Daphne species have been used traditionally for treatment of several ailments including rheumatism, abscess and diarrhoea. Purpose of present study was to evaluate antioxidant activities of methanol and water extracts of Daphne parts (roots, stems and leaves). Different experimental models including phosphomolydenum, DPPH, β-carotene/linoleic acid, ferric and cupric reducing power assays were performed to characterize the antioxidant potentials of the extracts. Folin-Ciocalteu and AlCl3 methods were also used to quantify total phenolic and fl avonoid content, respectively. D. pontica leaf extract showed high phenolic contents (123.09 mgGAEg-1 in methanol and 146.94 mgGAEg-1 in water extract) therefore has the strongest antioxidant potential. Present study showed that Daphne extracts (D. gnidioides and D. pontica) can be considered as good sources of natural antioxidants for medicinal and food applications

Phenolic Compounds, biological and antioxidant activities of onobrychis armena Boiss. & Huet flower and root extracts

Onobrychis armena Boiss.&Huet (Fabaceae) is a plant species that is endemic to Turkey and grows in Aksaray. The aim of the present study is to examine antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of crude extracts of O. armena flower and root. The antimicrobial activities of the extracts were investigated by using disc diffusion and microdilution-broth methods against human and fish pathogen microorganisms. The results showed that all the extracts exhibited varying degrees of antimicrobial activity on the microorganisms tested. The antioxidant activity was determined with total antioxidant activity, free radical scavenging activity, ferric ion reducing power, and cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity assay. In addition, the total phenolic compounds and flavonoids were measured in the extracts. The phenolic composition of the methanolic root extract was analyzed by HPLC. The HPLC analysis showed that the major component was rutin (428.80 µg/g). Cytotoxic effect of the methanolic root extract was also tested on human breast cell (MCF12A). The results showed that flower and root extracts of O. armena may be a potential source of natural antimicrobial and antioxidants and could be used as a natural source in food industry, drug discovery, clinical and food chemistry, and antimicrobial agents against human and fish pathogens. © 2015 Chiang Mai University. All rights reserved

Fatty acid composition of five Algerian bisexual and parthenogenetic strains of Artemia (Anostraca, Crustacea) and their antimicrobial activity

WOS: 000406350200014The brine shrimp Artemia remains among the most important food used in fish and crustacean larviculture, and the study of its cysts' nutritional quality is of great importance for products selection. Fatty acids (FAs) from decapsulated cysts of two bisexual (A. salina) and three parthenogenetic strains (A. parthenogenetica) from Algeria have been analyzed by gas chromatography. The aim was, first, to check the suitability of these strains as food for aquaculture and, second, to evaluate the FAs' efficiency in inhibition of some of the fish pathogen's activities. Percentages of total lipids were between 7.78 and 24.55% for the parthenogenetic strains of Bethioua and Sidi Bouziane salterns, respectively. Twenty-three FAs have been detected, and a high value of eicosapentaenoic (EPA; 20:5n-3) was observed in the parthenogenetic strain of Sidi Bouziane with 16.25 +/- 0.08% (39.89 mg g(-1) dry weight). The highest value of alpha-linolenic (ALA; 18:3n-3) was observed in A. salina from Chott Marouane with 22.28 +/- 0.16%, (30.72 mg g(-1) dry weight). The results of the antimicrobial screening assay of FA extracts showed their inhibitory activity against six fish pathogens. In comparison with ampicillin (Amp) and kanamycin antibiotics, all the studied strains of Artemia, except Bethioua, had better antimicrobial effect of their FAs against Vibrio anguillarum (gram-negative) than Amp. Streptococcus agalactiae (gram-positive) was the most resistant against Artemia's FAs. Decapsulated cysts with the highest proportions of PUFAs and rich in ALA and linoleic were the most effective against the bacterial growth. Regarding the FAs' composition and their antibacterial properties, Algerian strains of Artemia are good candidates for use as food in larviculture.Algerian Ministry for Higher Education and Scientific ResearchThis study has been financially supported by the Algerian Ministry for Higher Education and Scientific Research within the framework of the National Funds of Research (NFR)

Comparison of fatty acid compositions and ω3/ω6 ratios of wild brown trout and cultured rainbow trout

WOS: 000409436300011Fish are a unique dietary source beneficial to human health. These valuable effects originate from omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, particularly the eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in the fish oil. In this study, fatty acid composition of the muscle lipids of Salmo trutta macrostigma (wild brown trout) and Oncorhynchus mykiss (cultured rainbow trout) in Gezende Dam Lake were determined by gas chromatographic technique. In both species, palmitic acid (16.26-18.94%), oleic acid (17.88-20.49%) and DHA (14.08-18.49%) were identified as major saturated fatty acid (SFA), monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), respectively. Wild fish contained significantly more linolenic acid, arachidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, docosapentaenoic acid, total omega 3 fatty acids and has higher omega 3/omega 6 ratio than cultured fish. In conclusion, wild brown trout may have a higher nutritional value considering total omega 3 fatty acids (35.52-27.43%) and omega 3/omega 6 ratio (3.84-1.56) compared to cultured rainbow trout.Selcuk University Scientific Research Foundation (BAP)This research was supported by Selcuk University Scientific Research Foundation (BAP). The authors wish to acknowledge their support of this project