A Concept of Beauty as Overt and Covert Culture in American Fashion Movies: A Semiotic Analysis on The Devil Wears Prada, Sex and The City I, and Sex and The City II

This thesis aims to study the images of women�s ideal beauty as the forms of overt and covert culture in American fashion movies. The study is performed based on these formulated problems: 1) How women regarding their appearance are represented in American fashion movies? 'and 3) How do the movies perceive women�s role in society related to the myth?. The object of study is three box office fashion movies in the US: The Devil Wears Prada, Sex and the City I, and Sex and the City II. The theoretical framework applied in the study is that beauty myth is the ideology of beauty that is made pervasive in American mass culture through the images of women�s ideal beauty in American media�in this case, fashion movies. The movies are examined using Barthes� semiological approach in which any materials of speech or communication in media (pictures, written and spoken words) are regarded as signifying certain concept or idea. The results of the analysis lead to the findings that as a media of American popular culture The Devil Wears Prada, Sex and the City I, and Sex and the City II�s attitude towards beauty myth is supportive. Overtly, the movies show and tell that general standard of ideal beauty in American mass media (white, thin, flawless skin, ageless look, well-groomed and fashionable), labeled fashion products and lavish lifestyle in beauty maintenance and fashion are preferable and pleasurabl

KONVENSI DAN INVENSI DALAM CERITA-CERITA KOBOI MUTAKHIR: KAJIAN FORMULA TERHADAP FILM WESTERN PERIODE 1995-2012

The degradation of appreciation toward film Westerns during periode 1995- 2012 is as the backround of this research. It seems that film producers tried to revitalize the elements of Western movies in order to produce more intersesting films with different atmosphere. The problems of this research are to investigate convention, invention, and external factors which influenced the change of formula in Western genre. The problems are investigated by formula theory proposed by Cawelti (1971) and Western formula characteristics proposed by Cawelti (1999). The first step of using this theory is to see narrative structure of Western genre as total system during the periode of 1995-2012. Second, the researcher analyzed the distinctive way in which the Westerns periode 1995-2012 organize these elements into an order pattern or plot to find out regularity elements as continuity of cultural values, and evolutive elements to give new information about cowboy stories. Third, the researcher explored external factors as background of the formula evolution cowboy stories. The result of the research shows that Western movies period 1995-2012 are still based on most of conventional elements which covers: the regularity of theme, setting, complex of characters, type of situations, and pattern of actions. While the evoluted elements came variatively and dynamic based on the development of their era. Plot structures were based on current society�s taste. The most interesting conclusions are reversal type of esthetic structure in Western films period 1995- 2012: first, the setting showed more modern space and tend to reduce savage spac

NILAI SOSIAL DALAM KELUARGA CEMARA KARYA ARSWENDO ATMOWILOTO DAN LITTLE HOUSE KARYA LAURA INGALLS WILDER: KAJIAN PERBANDINGAN SASTRA ANAK

The research deals with comparative study on children�s book entitled Keluarga Cemara written by Arswendo Atmowiloto from Indonesia and Little House written by Laura Ingalls Wilder from America. Both stories tell about an ideal domestic family consists of a ruling father, a mother who is good at domestic chores and three obedient daughters. According to Zohar Shavit, children literature intends to perpetuate certain values cherished by a society to their young generation, those are chidren. Comparison method is applied to this research. The comparison of both stories� characterization of the fathers results in the finding of patriarchy value while the comparison of characterization of the children results in the finding of obedience value that imply voiceless children. The comparison of the theme results in the value of family celebration. However, the comparison of hard working value shows significant difference. The value creates optimism tone in Little house while it creates pessimism in Keluarga Cemara. The difference may result from the possibility of Keluarga Cemara as an ambivalent text. Shavit states that children literature may form an ambivalent text to address both children and adult readers. Keluarga Cemara imply a satire story the adult may enjoy. It is a satire which depicts the corrupted society in Indonesia at the time the story is created

POLITENESS IN TOURISM-SERVICE REGISTER IN CENTRAL JAVA: A SOCIOPRAGMATIC STUDY

This research is intended to investigate the use of politeness expressions in tourism-service register in Central Java. This qualitative and quantitative study (mixed methods research) is presented within the framework of sociopragmatics which can be broadly defined as the study of speech acts and the contexts in which they are performed with social and pragmatic approaches. The goal of this study is to describe and explain politeness markers, principles, strategies, norms, levels and cross-cultural perspectives on politeness in tourism-service register used by tourism service providers in Central Java. To achieve the goal above, data on utterances expressing tourism-service register were collected through observation and field notes, recordings, questionnaires, in-depth interviewing and document analysis. The data in the forms of conversation between tourism service providers and tourists were obtained from these activities: (1) receiving reservations, (2) meeting tourists at the airport/railway station, (3) providing information upon arrival on the way to the hotel, (4) helping tourists with their registration, (5) handling telephone enquiries, (6) giving directions, (7) giving information about art performances and entertainment, (8) beginning a tour and describing the itinerary, (9) describing points of interest on the tour route, (10) serving meals at restaurants, (11) describing processes used in making art objects, (12) bargaining for souvenir prices and (13) describing tourist sites. Furthermore, the data were analysed by using the parameter of politeness markers (Spencer-Oatey, 2008), politeness principles (Leech, 1983), politeness strategies (Brown & Levinson, 1987) which come from Western nuanced politeness theories, unggah-ungguh �politeness norms� (Poedjosoedarmo, 2009) which is derived from Javanese nuanced politeness theory, politeness levels based on the tourists� perceptions and cross-cultural perspectives on politeness (Chan, 1992a). The findings of this research can be summarised as follows: Firstly, the findings show that tourism service providers in Central Java use various politeness markers in tourism-service register to serve their tourists on one occasion but violate them on another occasion. The politeness markers they use from the most to the least frequency are: (1) politeness markers to greet and offer assistance, (2) politeness markers to agree, (3) politeness markers to apologise, (4) politeness markers to express gratitude, (5) politeness markers to request, (6) politeness markers to give compliments, (7) politeness markers to give notice, (8) politeness markers to give alternative suggestions, (9) politeness markers to refuse and (10) politeness markers to command. The absence of politeness markers from the most to the least frequency happen in: (1) commanding, (2) refusing, (3) agreeing, (4) giving notice, (5) requesting, (6) giving compliments, (7) giving alternative suggestions, (8) apologising, (9) expressing gratitude and (10) greeting and offering assistance. Secondly, tourism service providers in Central Java use typical nonverbal politeness markers in tourism-service register to serve their tourists. The nonverbal politeness markers they use from the most to the least frequency are: (1) smilin

REMAJA DALAM NOVEL POPULER: KAJIAN SEMIOTIKA TERHADAP NOVEL TEENLIT INDONESIA

Teenlit as a part of popular literature is chosen for research with the aim of describing 1) picture of teen characters in Teenlit novels, 2) the forms of tenenage characters meaning in popular culture novels. The objects of this study are four Teenlit novels. they are, 0yDrean My Friends by Ken Terate publoshed by Gramedia in 2005, Glam Girls by Nina Ardianti published by Gagas Media in 2008, Beauty and the Best by Luna Torashyungu published by Gramedia in 2010, and Girls by Dienda Sarteka published by Mizan in 2010. Technique of data collection used is library research. the four novels were analyzed by semiotic analysis method of Roland Barthes. Based on results of this research showed that the manifold teenlit, is described teenagers are on popular lifestyle trend as seen from the descriptions of identity adolescents in the novel. First, youth in transition societies described as popular individuals who experience puberty, which is beginning to have a sense of love towards the opposite sex. Popular teen represented as a dynamic individual who is shown through their own intelligence as a form of self-existence, which represented a hobby as an arena of expression, and the presence of love as influences popularity problems. Second, the pattern of adolescent friendship, the presence groups or gangs represented as a survival strategy, as well as the presence of scandal and gossip tendencies that are often encountered in adolescent friendship patterns represented as a consequence of popularity. In addition to revealing picture of adolescent in teenlit, the fourth novel also reveal show adolescents make sense of popular culture, through adolescence metropolitan lifestyle that characterized the consumption patterns of adolescents such as shopping at the mall, a teen trendsetters and have a career related to the popular world as social capital in their relationships. The pattern of consumption in adolescents experienced, indicate the change of lifestyle as a form of adaptation which is characterized by the appearance of a symbolic form of representing a popular teenager

NEW PURITANISME DI ERA 1980-AN: KAJIAN STRUKTURALISME GENETIK TERHADAP NOVEL S. KARYA JOHN UPDIKE

This research is intended to reveal the social genesis of John Updike's novel S., the novel text structure, and the author world view. Through these studies it is expected to reveal the text totality of meaning of novel S.. To reach these goals, this research utilizes Genetic Structuralism theory of Lucien Goldmann. Genetic Structuralism theory of Lucien Goldmann is utilized as the tool of analysis to describe the genesis of the novel, the author world view and its coherence to American society mental structure, author criticism to American society in the 1980�s era and America society spiritual live which is implicitly found in the description of the author world view. World view which can be formulated in this novel is New Puritanism world view in the 1980�s era. Basically, New Puritanism world view is equal to Puritanism world view which is described empirically as that viewpoint, code of values, which is brought to New England by the early settlers who were English Protestants. Their fundamental beliefs are equal to Protestants, or at least Calvinist Protestants, of all Europe. The New Englanders made Puritanism as one of sustainable factors in Americans life and thought. Many of these Puritan thoughts are still immanent although its original creed has lost. If Puritanism was a reaction to Roman Catholic Church power over English Church, then New Puritanism is a reaction to American society spiritual life in the 1980�s era which is considered as having too much freedom. Based on the formulation of New Puritanism world view, it is found that the text structure and social structure of novel S. are none other than the expression of this world view. The text structure of novel S. is centered on Sarah Worth as the main character who expresses New Puritanism through her thought, speech, and conduct. Sarah Worth characterization is formed by her relationship to other characters in the relation of space, time, and also social situation existing in novel S.. Novel S. social structure is related to American society spiritual life, notably New England which is identical with its Puritanism, in the 1980�s era. John Updike as the author of novel S. gave criticism to American society in the 1980�s era that he felt has deviated from their initial goals such as reaching religious freedom, escaping from political pressure and seeking for economical opportunity. In the 1980�s era Updike felt that the freedom has been intemperate. It was seen from many denominations of Christian and free worship in America. Such conditions of American society and his personal experience as a member of American society who has once experienced spiritual crisis become social experience as the background of John Updike. Therefore, novel S. shows its homology to the reality of American society life in their effort in seeking for spiritual peace