NEW PURITANISME DI ERA 1980-AN: KAJIAN STRUKTURALISME GENETIK TERHADAP NOVEL S. KARYA JOHN UPDIKE

Abstract

This research is intended to reveal the social genesis of John Updike's novel S., the novel text structure, and the author world view. Through these studies it is expected to reveal the text totality of meaning of novel S.. To reach these goals, this research utilizes Genetic Structuralism theory of Lucien Goldmann. Genetic Structuralism theory of Lucien Goldmann is utilized as the tool of analysis to describe the genesis of the novel, the author world view and its coherence to American society mental structure, author criticism to American society in the 1980�s era and America society spiritual live which is implicitly found in the description of the author world view. World view which can be formulated in this novel is New Puritanism world view in the 1980�s era. Basically, New Puritanism world view is equal to Puritanism world view which is described empirically as that viewpoint, code of values, which is brought to New England by the early settlers who were English Protestants. Their fundamental beliefs are equal to Protestants, or at least Calvinist Protestants, of all Europe. The New Englanders made Puritanism as one of sustainable factors in Americans life and thought. Many of these Puritan thoughts are still immanent although its original creed has lost. If Puritanism was a reaction to Roman Catholic Church power over English Church, then New Puritanism is a reaction to American society spiritual life in the 1980�s era which is considered as having too much freedom. Based on the formulation of New Puritanism world view, it is found that the text structure and social structure of novel S. are none other than the expression of this world view. The text structure of novel S. is centered on Sarah Worth as the main character who expresses New Puritanism through her thought, speech, and conduct. Sarah Worth characterization is formed by her relationship to other characters in the relation of space, time, and also social situation existing in novel S.. Novel S. social structure is related to American society spiritual life, notably New England which is identical with its Puritanism, in the 1980�s era. John Updike as the author of novel S. gave criticism to American society in the 1980�s era that he felt has deviated from their initial goals such as reaching religious freedom, escaping from political pressure and seeking for economical opportunity. In the 1980�s era Updike felt that the freedom has been intemperate. It was seen from many denominations of Christian and free worship in America. Such conditions of American society and his personal experience as a member of American society who has once experienced spiritual crisis become social experience as the background of John Updike. Therefore, novel S. shows its homology to the reality of American society life in their effort in seeking for spiritual peace