52 research outputs found
Related factors of walking ability among older adults after hip surgery
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žìžê°ížì ê³µ/ìì¬ë³ž ì°êµ¬ë ê³ êŽì ìì ì ë°ì ë
žìžì ìì ì ìììí, ìŽëêž°ëê°ê³Œ ìì ì , í 볎íë¥ë ¥ì ì ë륌 íì
íê³ , ìŽ ë³ìë€ ê°ì ìêŽêŽê³ì ìì í 볎íë¥ë ¥ì ìí¥ì 믞ì¹ë ììžì ê·ëª
íšìŒë¡ìš ìì í 볎íë¥ë ¥ íë³µì ìí ì ëµ ë° ì€ì¬ ê°ë°ì íìí êž°ìŽ ìë£ë¥Œ ì ê³µíêž° ìí ìì ì ìêŽêŽê³ ì°êµ¬ìŽë€.ìë£ ìì§ì 2013ë
05ìë¶í° 2013ë
11ìê¹ì§ ììžì ìì¬í 3ì°š ì¢
í©ë³ììž Aë³ìì ì íìžê³Œ ìžë ëë ìêžì€ì íµíŽ ì
ìí ê³ êŽì ìì ì ë°ì ë
žìž íì 73ëª
ì ëììŒë¡ ì€ë¬žì§ ì¡°ì¬ì ì ì ì묎 êž°ë¡(electronic medical records, EMR) ê²í 륌 íµíŽ ìŽë£šìŽì¡ë€. ìŒë°ì í¹ì±, ì§ë³êŽë š í¹ì±, Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA)ë¡ ìž¡ì ë ìììí, Korean Version of the Outcome Expectations for Exercise Scale-2(K-OEE-2)ë¡ ìž¡ì ë ìŽëêž°ëê°, Modified Functional Status Index(MFSI)ë¡ ìž¡ì ë 볎íë¥ë ¥ì ëíì¬ ìë£ë¥Œ ìì§íìë€. ìì§ë ìë£ë SPSS WIN 18.0 íë¡ê·žëšì ìŽì©íì¬ êž°ì íµê³, ë¶ì°ë¶ì, ë
늜 t-ê²ì , Scheffeâs ì¬í ê²ì , Pearsonâs ìêŽë¶ì, ë€ì€íê·ë¶ì ë°©ë²ìŒë¡ ë¶ìíììŒë©°, ì°êµ¬ê²°ê³Œë ë€ì곌 ê°ë€.1. 볞 ì°êµ¬ì í¬íšë ëììì íê· ì°ë ¹ì 74.59(±11.53)ìžìê³ , ì 첎 73ëª
ì€ ì¬ìë 56ëª
(76.7%)ìŒë¡ ëšìë³Žë€ 3ë°° ê°ë ë§ìë€. ëììì ìŒììí ìíë¥ë ¥ì íê· 17.16(±3.87)ì ìŽìê³ , ë구ì ìŒììí ìíë¥ë ¥ì íê· ì ìë 16.77(±7.65)ì ìŽìë€.â2. 볞 ì°êµ¬ìì ëììì ìììí íê· ì 20.19(±5.99)ì ìŽìê³ , ì±ë³(t=2.042, p=.045), ì°ë ¹(F=19.102, p<.001), íë ¥(t=-2.612, p=.011), ê²°íŒìí(t=2.572, p=.012), ì§ì
(t=2.799, p=.007), ì§ëšëª
(t=7.228, p<.001), 첎ì§ë
ì§ì(F=11.139, p<.001), 곚ë°ë(F=11.245, p<.001), ì¬ë§(t=4.437, p<.001), ëë°ì§íì ì(F=3.149, p=.030), 죌êŽì 걎ê°ìí(F=9.360, p<.001), íŽì ì 거죌ì§(F=6.499, p=.003)ì ë°ëŒ ìììíì ì ìí ì°šìŽë¥Œ 볎ìë€.3. 볞 ì°êµ¬ìì ëììì ìŽëêž°ëê° íê· ì 45.78(±8.63)ì ìŽìê³ , ì±ë³(t=2.269, p=.026), ì°ë ¹(F=17.524, p<.001), íë ¥(t=-2.385, p=.020), ê²°íŒìí(t=2.240, p=.028), ì§ì
(t=2.817, p=.006), ì§ëšëª
(t=-7.093, p<.001), 곚ë°ë(F=8.616, p<.001), ì¬ë§(t=3.434, p=.001), 죌êŽì 걎ê°ìí(F=4.771, p=.011), íŽì ì 거죌ì§(F=6.407, p=.003), ì¬ììŒì(t=3.258, p=.002)ì ë°ëŒ ìŽëêž°ëê°ì ì ìí ì°šìŽë¥Œ 볎ìë€.4. 볞 ì°êµ¬ìì ëììì ìì ì 볎íë¥ë ¥ì íê· 21.09(±4.28)ì ìŽìê³ , ì°ë ¹(F=10.103, p<.001), ì§ì
(t=2.207, p=.031), ì§ëšëª
(t=-3.748, p<.001), ì¬ë§(t=4.476, p<.001), 죌êŽì 걎ê°ìí(F=3.232, p=.045), íŽì ì 거죌ì§(F=3.476, p=.036)ì ë°ëŒ ìì ì 볎íë¥ë ¥ì ì ìí ì°šìŽë¥Œ 볎ìë€. ëììì ìì í 볎íë¥ë ¥ì íê· 6.93(±3.66)ì ìŽìê³ , ì±ë³(t=3.045, p=.003), ì°ë ¹(F=19.194, p<.001), íë ¥(t=-3.677, p<.001) ê²°íŒìí(t=3.679, p<.001), ì§ì
(t=2.469, p=.016), ì§ëšëª
(t=-6.104, p<.001), 곚ë°ë(F=9.690, p<.001), ì¬ë§(t=3.912, p<.001), 죌êŽì 걎ê°ìí(F=4.396, p=.016), íŽì ì 거죌ì§(F=10.594, p<.001), ì¬ììŒì(t=4.110, p<.001)ì ë°ëŒ ìì í 볎íë¥ë ¥ì ì ìí ì°šìŽë¥Œ 볎ìŽê³ ììë€.5. 볞 ì°êµ¬ìì ëììì ìììí, ìŽëêž°ëê°, ìì ì 볎íë¥ë ¥, ìì í 볎íë¥ë ¥ ê°ì êŽë šì±ì ë¶ìí 결곌, ìììí(r=.819, p<.001)ê° ì¢ììë¡, ìŽëêž°ëê°(r=.792, p<.001)ìŽ ëììë¡, ìì ì 볎íë¥ë ¥(r=.584, p<.001)ìŽ ì¢ììë¡ ìì í 볎íë¥ë ¥ìŽ ì¢ì ê²ìŒë¡
ëíë¬ë€.6. ëììì ìì í 볎íë¥ë ¥ì ìí¥ììžì ìììí(B=.297, p<.001), ìŽëêž°ëê°(B=.149, p<.001), ì¬ììŒì(B=-.127, p=.003)ë¡ ëíë¬ìŒë©°, ìŽ ìž ììžì 77.9%ì ì€ëª
ë ¥ì 볎ìë€(adjusted RïŒ=.779, p<.001).볞 ì°êµ¬ìì ê³ êŽì ìì ì ë°ì ë
žìžì ìì í 볎íë¥ë ¥ì 믞ì¹ë ìììíì ìŽëêž°ëê°ì ìí¥ì íìžíìë€. ë°ëŒì ê³ êŽì ìì ì ë°ì ë
žìžì ìììíì ìŽëêž°ëê°ì íê°íê³ ì ì í ê°ížì€ì¬ë¥Œ ì ê³µíë ê²ìŽ ì€ìí ê²ìŒë¡ ìê°ëë€. ìŽìì ì°êµ¬ê²°ê³Œë¡ ê³ êŽì ìì ì ë°ì ë
žìžìì 볎íë¥ë ¥ì êŽë šììžì ë³Žë€ ë ë€ìíê² ì¡°ì¬íê³ , 볎íë¥ë ¥ íë³µì ìí ì ëµ ë° ì€ì¬ ê°ë°ì íìí ì°êµ¬ íëì ì ìžíë€.ope
Novel Mutations Conferring Amoxicillin Resistance in Helicobacter pylori in South Korea
Helicobacter pylori is the primary causative agent of gastritis, gastric ulcers, duodenal ulcers, gastric cancer, and peripheral B-cell lymphoma. H. pylori eradication often fails due to elevated antibiotic resistance. However, no previous studies have thoroughly examined amoxicillin resistance. Here, the objective was to identify clinical strains of H. pylori with amoxicillin resistance and to analyze single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with amoxicillin resistance. From March 2015 to June 2019, genotypic and phenotypic amoxicillin resistance was analyzed using an E-test and whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Analysis of 368 clinical strains confirmed amoxicillin resistance in 31 strains (resistance rate of 8.7%). The genomes were extracted from nine resistant (<0.125 mg/L) strains, and WGS was performed for genetic analysis. WGS analysis identified SNPs present in pbp1a, pbp2, nhaC, hofH, hofC, and hefC in all nine isolates. Some of these genes may be related to amoxicillin resistance. A total of six SNPs (A69V, V374L, S414R, T503I, A592D, and R435Q) were identified in PBP2 of H-8, the most resistant strain. We predict that these six SNPs are associated with high amoxicillin resistance. Amoxicillin resistance should be considered in the clinical setting for the treatment failure of H. pylori eradication.ope
(죌)íêžê³Œ 컎íší° : ì 2ì ì í찜조륌 ìíì¬
ì°ì
ì êœì ë²€ì²ë€ëŒë ë§ì, ì§êžê¹ì§ê° ì°ì
íëª
ì êž°ë°ìŒë¡ í 굎ëì°ì
ìŽ ì§ë°°íë ìëìë€ë©Ž, í¥íì ìžêž°ë ê·žìŒë§ë¡ 묎í겜ìì ìëì 묎ìì ì 륌 찜조íë ë²€ì²êž°ì
ë€ìŽ ì§ë°°íë ìëê° ë ê²ìì ê·¹ëª
íê² ëë³íŽ ì€ë€. ê·ž ì€ì
ìë êœ ì€ì êœìŒë¡ ì¶ìë°ê³ ìë ìží°ë· ë¹ìŠëì€ ë¶ìŒì ë²€ì²êž°ì
ë€ì ì ë¡ìë ë²€ì²ë¶ì ìŒìŒí€ë©Žì êžìëë¡ íì°ëê³ ìë€. ê·žë¬ë ëì§íž ìëì ìŽììž ë²€ì²êž°ì
ë€ì ì€ì²Žê° ëšì§ ìŒìì ìž ë²ëž(ê±°í)ìŒ ì ìë€ë ì°ë €ì íšê» í©êž ìì ë³ë ê±°ìë¡ ìžìëë ìží°ë· ë¹ìŠëì€ ë¶ìŒë ìë¡ìŽ êµë©ŽìŒë¡ ì ìŽë€ê³ ìë ì€ì ìŽë€. ê³ ìíì ê°ìíŽìŒ íë ë²€ì²êž°ì
ë€ì í¹ì±ì ëšì§ 10% 믞ë§ì ë²€ì²êž°ì
ë€ë§ìŽ ì±ê³µì ìž êž°ì
ìŒë¡ ì±ì¥íê³ ìë íì€ ììì, ë묎ë ë§ì ë²€ì²êž°ì
ë€ì ì°í죜ì(éšåŸç«¹ç)ìì êž°ì
ì€ëŠœì ì§ì í ë²€ì²êž°ì
ì ì·šì§ì 목ì ì 묎ììŒ íë©°, 걎ì í ë²€ì²êž°ì
ì ì ë³ìë ì
ìí¥ì 믞ì¹ê³ ìë€
Focusing on the private secondary school
íìë
Œë¬ž (ìì¬) -- ììžëíêµ ëíì : ì¬ë²ëí íë곌ì êžë¡ë²êµì¡íë ¥ì ê³µ, 2020. 8. ê¹íë ¬.This study aims to draw policy implications by examining the school type effect on students' academic performance in Indonesia. Research focused on the contributing role of private schools in educational development and providing educational opportunities. The 2018 data of the program for international student assessment (PISA) was used for analysis, and a propensity score matching (PSM) method was employed to control for preexisting differences between students who attend a private school and their public school counterparts. Then, multilevel model analysis was conducted.
Extant literature generally recognizes that, in Indonesia, the quality of education provided by private schools was lower than that of public schools. This disparity leads to low achievement of students attending private schools. The study results partly proved this concern. In the multilevel analysis, there were significant school sector differences, even after controlling for student background characteristics. That is, private schools had a negative impact on students' reading literacy scores. Further analysis was carried out to prove if differences exist in academic achievement between government-dependent and independent private schools, a distinction defined by the degree of financial assistance received from the government. The results suggested variation in the effect of private schools based on their types. On one hand, the impact of school types on academic performance was not statistically significant for private government-dependent schools. The results suggest the importance of schooling, as attending certain types of schools does not affect a student's reading literacy scores. However, the characteristics of the school itself have a more significant impact. On the other hand, students in independent private schools showed significantly lower reading literacy scores than students attending public schools. The study results showed that the impact on a student's reading scores varies depending on the type of private school they attend. The difference in reading scores between types of schools was influenced by students' background characteristics. However, a substantial part of the difference was explained by school-related factors. Therefore, this finding suggests the need for careful consideration of the role and quantitative expansion of private schools.
This study contributes to providing empirical evidence about the school type effect in Indonesia. In particular, it fills a gap in existing literature by suggesting different outcomes according to the subtype of private school. It also suggests policy implications for educational development in Indonesia. The study concludes by suggesting areas for further research regarding school type effect and school choice, and it suggests data suitable for Indonesias context and qualitative research methodologies that can contribute to educational development.볞 ì°êµ¬ë ìžëë€ììì êµì¡ë°ì ìž¡ë©Žìì ì¬ëŠœíêµê° êµì¡êž°í륌 ì ê³µíëë° ì€ìí ìí ì íë€ë ì ì 죌목íì¬ íêµì íìŽ íìì íì
ì±ì·šëì 믞ì¹ë ìí¥ì ì€ìŠì ìŒë¡ ë¶ìíêž° ìíŽ ì€ìëìë€. ë¶ììë êµì íì
ì±ì·šëíê°(PISA)ì 2018ë
ë ìë£ê° ì¬ì©ëììŒë©° 겜í¥ì ì맀ì¹ì íµíŽ ì íížì륌 ì ê±°í ë€ íêµíšê³Œë¥Œ ë³Žë€ ìë°íê² ê²ìŠíê³ ì íìë€. êž°ì¡Ž 묞íììë ì구ì ì¬ëŠœíêµìë ìžëë€ììì ì¬ëŠœíêµìì ì ê³µëë êµì¡ì ì§ìŽ 공늜ì ë¹íŽ ëšìŽì§ê³ , ìŽë ì¬ëŠœíêµì ì¬ííë íìë€ì ë®ì ì±ì·šëë¡ ìŽìŽì§ë€ë ìžììŽ ìŒë°ì ìŽìë€. ì°êµ¬ê²°ê³Œë ì¬ëŠœíêµ íìë€ì ìœêž° ì ìë 공늜íêµì íìë€ë³Žë€ ë®ì ê²ìŒë¡ ëíë ì¬ëŠœíêµì íìŽ íìì íì
ì±ì·šì ë¶ì ì ìž ìí¥ì 믞ì¹ë ê²ìŒë¡ ëë¬ë¬ë€. ìŽë¬í íêµì íì ë°ë¥ž ì°šìŽê° ì¬ëŠœíêµ ì íì ìžë¶ííìì ëë ì¬ì í ì
ìŠëëì§ ìŽíŽë³Žêž° ìíŽ ì¬ëŠœíêµë¥Œ ì ë¶ë¡ë¶í° ì¬ì ì ìž ì§ìì ë°ë ì ëì ë°ëŒ ì ë¶ì ì¬ì ì ìŒë¡ ìì¡Žíë ì¬ëŠœíêµì ì ë¶ë¡ë¶í° ì¬ì ì ìŒë¡ ë
늜ë ì¬ëŠœíêµë¡ 구ë¶íì¬ íêµ ì í íšê³Œë¥Œ ê²ìŠíêž° ìí ì¶ê° ë¶ìì ì€ìíìë€. ê·ž 결곌 ì ë¶ì ì¬ì ì ìŒë¡ ìì¡Žíë ì¬ëŠœíêµì íì íìì ìœêž° ì ìì 믞ì¹ë ìí¥ì íµê³ì ìŒë¡ ì ìíì§ ììë€. ìŽë í¹ì ì íì íêµì ë€ëë ê²ìŽ íìì íì
ì±ì·šì ìí¥ì 믞ì¹ë ê²ìŽ ìëëŒ, íêµ ì첎ì í¹ì±ìŽ ë í° ìí¥ì 믞ì¹ë€ë ê²ìŒë¡ íêµ êµì¡ì ì€ìì±ì ìì¬íë ë¶ë¶ìŽë€. ë°ë©Ž, ì ë¶ë¡ë¶í° ì¬ì ì ìŒë¡ ë
늜ë ì¬ëŠœíêµì íìì ì íížì륌 ì ê±°í ìŽíìë 공늜íêµì ì¬ííë íìì ë¹íŽ ìœêž° ì ìê° íµê³ì ìŒë¡ ì ìíê² ë®ì ê²ìŒë¡ ëíë¬ë€.
ì°êµ¬ 결곌ë ì¬ëŠœíêµì ì íì ë°ëŒ íìì ìœêž° ì ìì 믞ì¹ë ìí¥ìŽ ë€ë¥ž ê²ìŒë¡ ëíë¬ë€. ìŽë¬í íêµì íê° ìœêž° ì ìì ì°šìŽë íìì 배겜ììžì ìí¥ì ë°êž°ë íì§ë§ íêµì êŽë šë ììë€ë¡ ì€ëª
ëë ë¶ë¶ìŽ ë§ì ê²ìŒë¡ 볎ì¬ì ž ì¬ëŠœíêµì ìí 곌 ìì íëì êŽíŽ ë©Žë°í ê²í ê° ì구ëë€.
볞 ì°êµ¬ë ìžëë€ììì ì¬ëŠœíêµíšê³Œë¥Œ ì¶ì íšìŒë¡ìš êµì¡ ë°ì ìž¡ë©Žìì íêµììì ì€ìì± ë° ìì§ì êµì¡ì ì ê³µìŽëŒë êµì¡ 목í ë¬ì±ì ìíŽ ì¬ëŠœíêµ ìí ì ëí êµê°ì ì
ì¥ ì¬ì 늜ì íìì±ê³Œ ê°ì ì ì±
ì ìì¬ì ì ëì¶íìë€. ìŽë¬í ìì¬ì ì ê°ë°ëìêµì íêµíšê³Œ ì°êµ¬ìì ëšìí ê³µì¬ëŠœ ê° êµì¡ê²°ê³Œë¥Œ ë¹êµë¥Œ íë ê²ìì ëìê° êµê°ì 맥ëœì ë°ìí ì ìë ë€ìí íêµì íìŽ í¬íšëìŽìŒ í íìì±ì 볎ì¬ì€ë€.CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Study background 1
1.2 Research purpose and questions 4
1.3 Study method 5
1.4 Organization of the Thesis 6
CHAPTER II. LITERATURE REVIEW 8
2.1 Background of Educational System in Indonesia 8
2.1.1 Indonesias Education system 8
2.1.2 Major policies for education reform and challenges 10
2.1.3 Private schools in Indonesia 13
2.2 School effectiveness and School type 16
2.2.1 School effectiveness 16
2.2.2 The School type effect on students educational outcome 17
2.2.3 Factors causing the difference in student achievement due to school type 22
2.2.4 Selection Bias in School effectiveness studies 25
CHAPTER III. METHODOLOGY 28
3.1 Data and Sample 28
3.2 Variables 29
3.2.1 Dependent variable 29
3.2.2 Independent variable 30
3.2.3 Control variables 30
3.3 Analytic plan 35
3.3.1 Propensity score matching model 36
3.3.2 Multilevel model 37
3.3.3 Model specification 38
CHAPTER IV. RESULT 44
4.1 Descriptive statistics 44
4.2 Multilevel analysis before propensity score matching 49
4.3 Multilevel analysis after propensity score matching 56
4.4 Further analysis 65
4.4.1 Private government-dependent school versus public school 65
4.4.2 Private independent school versus Public school 71
CHAPTER V. DISCUSSION 78
5.1 Different effects of school type on students academic performance 78
5.2 Policy implications 84
CHAPTER â
¥. CONCLUSION 88
6.1 Summary 88
6.2 Limitations and Suggestion for Further Studies 90
BIBLIOGRAPHY 91
êµë¬žìŽë¡ 100Maste
Comparison of incisor axis changes in skeletal Class III malocclusion with facial asymmetry treated by orthognathic surgery with and without presurgical orthodontic treatment
ê³šê²©ì± IIIêž ë¹ëì¹ ë¶ì êµí© íìë ì¹ì±ë³ŽììŒë¡ ìžíŽ êŽìë©Žìì ì·íì
ì€ì ì¹ì ì¹ì¶ìŽ í±ë(menton)ë°©í¥ìŒë¡ êž°ìžìŽì§ê³ ììë©Žìì ìì
ì ì¹ë ììž¡ë³ì(labioversion), íì
ì ì¹ë ì€ìž¡ë³ì(linguoversion)륌 볎ìžë€. íìë ì
êµì ìì 곌 êµì ì¹ë£ë¥Œ íµíŽ ì·íì
ì€ì ì¹ì ì¢ì° ì¹ì¶ìŽ ëìŒíê³ ì ì€ì ìŽ í±ë곌 ìŒì¹íê² ë ê²ì êž°ëíë€. ë°ëŒì ìììë ê³šê²©ì± IIIêž ë¹ëì¹ ë¶ì êµí© íì ì¹ë£ ì ì·íì
ì€ì ì¹ì ë³í ë° ê°ì ì ëì ìì ì±ì ììž¡íê³ ìŽì 죌ì륌 êž°ìžì¬ìŒ íë€. 볞 ì°êµ¬ì 목ì ì ê³šê²©ì± IIIêž ë¹ëì¹ ë¶ì êµí© íììê² ì íµì ì
êµì ìì (conventional orthognathic surgery, CS) ëë ì ìì (preorthodontic orthognathic surgery, POGS) ì ìííìì ë ì·íì
ì€ì ì¹ì ìì ì ·í, ìì 1ë
í ë³í륌 three-dimension computed tomography(3D-CT)륌 ìŽì©íì¬ êŽì멎곌 ììë©Žìì íê°íê³ ì íë ê²ìŽë€. ê³šê²©ì± IIIêž ë¹ëì¹ ë¶ì êµí©ìŒë¡ ì§ëšë°ê³ IVRO(bilateral intraoral ramus osteotomy)륌 í¬íší ì
êµì ìì ì ë°ì ì±ìž íì ì€ìì CS êµ° 16ëª
, POGS êµ° 13ëª
ì ì ì íì¬ ìŽì§ì (T0), ìì ì 1ê°ì ì (T1), ìì 1ì£ŒìŒ í (T2), ê·žëŠ¬ê³ ìì 1ë
í (T3)ì 쎬ìë 3D-CT ìì ë³í륌 ê³ìž¡íê³ ë¶ìíìë€. 볞 ì°êµ¬ì 결곌ë ë€ì곌 ê°ë€. 1. CS êµ°ìì ì
êµì ìì ì íê· 11.6±4.3 ê°ì ëì êµì ì¹ë£ê° ìŽë£šìŽì ž êŽìë©Žìì ížì잡곌 ë¹ížììž¡ì ì€ì ì¹ ì¹ì¶ ì°šìŽë¥Œ ì€ìì§ë§ T1ìì ìì
ì€ì ì¹ì ê²œì° ì¬ì í ì ìí ì ëë¡ ì¹ì¶ì ì°šìŽê° ëšìììë€(p0.05). 2. ì
êµì ìì ì ìíŽ ë êµ° 몚ë êŽìë©Žìì ì·íì
ì€ì ì¹ì ì¹ì¶ì ì ìí ë³íë ìììŒë(p>0.05) íì
ìŽ íë°©ìŽëíë©Žì SNB ê°ìŽ ê°ìíê³ ìŽì ë°ëŒ ANB ê°ìŽ ìŠê°íììŒë©°, ëí íì
ì€ì ì¹ê° ììž¡ìŒë¡ êž°ìžìŽì§ì 볎ìë€(p0.05). 3. ì
êµì ìì í 1ë
ëì ë êµ° ì¬ìŽì êŽìë©Žìì 곚격곌 ì·íì
ì€ì ì¹ ì¹ì¶ì ì ìí ì°šìŽë ììë€(p>0.05). ë€ë§ ìŽ êž°ê° ëì POGSêµ°ìì íì
ì€ì ì¹ê° ììž¡ ë°©í¥ìŒë¡ íê· 7.0±7.8° êž°ìžìŽì§ê³ (p=0.012) CS êµ°ììë ìì
ì€ì ì¹ê° 구ê°ìž¡ ë°©í¥ìŒë¡ 3.4±6.3° êž°ìžìŽì¡ë€(p=0.108). 4. ê³šê²©ì± IIIêž ë¶ì êµí©ê³Œ ë¹ëì¹ìŽ ìë íìì CS 군곌 POGS êµ°ìì ì 첎 ì¹ë£êž°ê°(T0ìì T3ê¹ì§)ëì êŽìë©Žììì ì·íì
ì€ì ì¹ angulation 곌 ììë©Žìì ì·íì
ì€ì ì¹ì inclination ì ë³íëì ì ìí ì°šìŽê° ììë€(p>0.05). ëí T3ìì ë êµ° ê°ì 곚격곌 ì·íì
ì€ì ì¹ì ì¹ì¶ìì ì ìí ì°šìŽê° ììë€(p>0.05). ìŽìì ì°êµ¬ 결곌, ê³šê²©ì± IIIêž ë¹ëì¹ ë¶ì êµí©ìŽ ìë íììê² POGS ë ì·íì
ì€ì ì¹ ì¹ì¶ ê°ì ìì CS ì ì ì¬í ì¹ë£ê²°ê³Œì ìì ì±ì 볎ìŽê³ ì 첎 ì¹ë£ êž°ê°ë ëšì¶í ì ììŽ POGS ê° ê°ë¥í ê²œì° ììì ìŒë¡ ì ì©íë€ê³ í ì ìë€.
In skeletal Class III malocclusion and facial asymmetry, due to dental compensation, it is observed that upper and lower incisors are inclined to menton in frontal plane. Also in sagittal plane, upper incisors show labioversion and lower incisors linguoversion. Patients expect that the right and left axis of the incisors are the same and the midline coincides with menton through orthognathic surgery and orthodontic treatment. Therefore, when treating skeletal class III asymmetric malocclusion patients, the clinician should predict and pay attention to the change and stability of the upper and lower incisors. The aim of this study was to use 3D-CT to evaluate incisor axis changes at before and after surgery, 1 year postoperatively, in frontal and sagittal plane, between patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion and facial asymmetry who had undergone two-jaw surgery with and without presurgical orthodontics. This study was conducted on skeletal Class III malocclusion with facial asymmetry adult patients who had undergone two-jaw surgery with IVRO(bilateral intraoral ramus osteotomy). Of patients, 16 patients who undergone CS(conventional orthognathic surgery) after the pre-surgical orthodontic treatment and 13 patients who undergone POGS(preorthodontic orthognathic surgery) were selected. For each patient, the 3 dimension computed tomography(3D-CT) data were acquired at the initial examination (T0), 1 month before surgery (T1), within the 7 days following surgery (T2), and 1 year after surgery (T3). The result of this study was as follows: 1. In the CS(conventional orthognatic surgery) group, presurgical orthodontic treatment had been performed for an average of 11.6 ± 4.3 months, and the difference between the deviated and nondeviated incisor axis was reduced in the frontal plane. But upper incisor still had a significant difference in tooth axis at T1(p0.05). 2. By orthognathic surgery, there was no significant change in the dental axis of the upper and lower incisors in both groups in the frontal plane. Also as the mandible moved backward, the SNB decreased and the ANB increased accordingly, and the lower incisor tilted to the labial side. However, there was no significant difference in the magnitude of change in the skeletal and dental variables due to surgical correction between the two groups(p>0.05). 3. One year after surgery, there was no significant difference in the amount of change in the skeletal and dental variables between CS and POGS groups. During postsurgical orthodontic treatment, lower incisor inclined labially in POGS group(-7.0±7.8°; p=0.012), upper incisor inclined palatally in CS group(3.4±6.3°; p=0.108). 4. From T0 to T3, there was no significant difference in the total amount of change in the dental axis of incisors in frontal and sagittal plane between the CS and POGS groups. Also at T3, there was no significant differeces in the skeletal and dental variables between the two groups. There was no significant difference in incisor axis between CS and POGS groups at 1 year after surgery, and POGS can be beneficial for reducing the total treatment time in patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion and facial asymmetry. Therefore, POGS may be a clinically acceptable for patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion and facial asymmetry if the diagnosis for POGS is possible.openì
Two-compartment biochip recapitulating dendritic cell migration for T cell priming
MasterT cell activation is a key initial step for antigen-specific immune responses. T cells are activated by dynamic interactions between dendritic cells (DCs) carrying antigens from peripheral tissues and T cells in secondary lymphoid organs such as lymph nodes (LNs).
In this thesis, we attempted to recapitulate T cell priming by DCs by building a two-compartment biochip. DCs were loaded in one compartment, and T cells were added in the other compartment. First, we incorporate chemokine gradient that direct DCs in one compartment to the other. Using 10 kDa fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextran with a molecular weight similar to C-C chemokine ligand 19 (CCL19) inducing the chemotaxis of DCs, we observed how much the concentration gradient was retained in the biochip fabricated using lithography and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). In addition, the migration of DCs with and without concentration gradient of CCL19 was tracked and analyzed using imageJ and MATLAB. Next, we observed interactions between T cells and migrated DCs. In the case of DCs presenting antigenic peptides, one or more naïve T cells were attached to DCs to form stable clusters, and moved together. In contrast, DCs
lacking antigenic peptides only transiently interacted with T cells.
This simple biochip can be an important first step toward to build more complex immune responses recapitulating various immune-related diseases such as cancer immunity cycle.ì - ë©Žì ì¬ìŽíŽì ììží¬ì ìí íì ë°©ì¶ë¶í° ë©Žì ìží¬ì ìí ììží¬ ìŽì ëšê³ê¹ì§ë¥Œ ì€ëª
íë€. ìŽ ì¬ìŽíŽì ë°ë¥Žë©Ž, ìì§ì ìží¬ì ê°ì íì ì ì ìží¬ë 죜ì ììží¬ìì ë°©ì¶ë íìì ìì·šíë€. íì ì ì ìží¬ë ë©Žì êž°êŽì ìží¬ìì ë¶ë¹ëë í¹ì ë¶ìì ëë 구배륌 ë°ëŒ, 늌íì ìŽë ë¹ì¥ê³Œ ê°ì ìŽì°š 늌í êž°êŽìŒë¡ ìŽëíë€. íì ì ì ìží¬ë ìì·ší íìì 믞ì ìŽ T ìží¬ì ì ìíê³ , ìží¬ ë
ì± T 늌í구ì ê°ì íì±í ìíë¡ ì ëíë€. 결곌ì ìŒë¡, íì±íë T ìží¬ë ë€ì ììží¬ê° ìë ì¡°ì§ìŒë¡ ìŽëíì¬ ììží¬ë€ì ìžìíê³ ì ê±°íë€. ì-ë©Žì ì¬ìŽíŽìì ì€ìí ìí ì íë ë©Žì ìží¬ì êž°ë¥ì ê°ííë€ë©Ž ë©Žìíìì ì°êµ¬ì ë§ì ëììŽ ë ê²ìŽë€. íì§ë§, ë©Žì 첎ê³ë ë§€ì° ë³µì¡íê³ ì 첎 ì 첎ì ê±žì³ ìŒìŽëêž° ë묞ì, ì¬ìŽíŽì ì 첎 곌ì ì í ë²ì ì°êµ¬íë ê²ìë ìë¹í ìŽë €ììŽ ë°ë¥žë€. ë°ëŒì, ì¬ìŽíŽì í¹ì ë¶ë¶ì ë¶ëŠ¬íŽì ì¬íí ì ìë ì¥ì¹ë¥Œ ë§ë€ê³ , ì¬ë¬ 곌ì ì 몚ì¬íë 칩ë€ì íëë¡ ê²°í©íë€ë©Ž, ë©Žìíìì ì íšë¥ íê°ë, êŽì°°íêž° íë ë©Žì ìží¬ê°ì ìížìì©ë€ì ì°êµ¬ì ë°ì°šë¥Œ ê°í ì ìì ê²ìŽë€.
볞 ì°êµ¬ììë ì첎 ì ìí ì첎 칩ì ìŽì©íì¬, ìì§ì ìží¬ì íì ìì·šì ííì£Œì± ë° ë¯žì ìŽ T ìží¬ì íëŒìŽë°ì ì¬ííëë° ìŽì ì ë§ì¶ìë€. ìì§ì ìží¬ì íí죌ì±ì ì ëíë CCL19곌 ì ì¬í ë¶ìëì ê°ì§ë 10 kDa FITC-dextranì ì¬ì©íì¬, 늬ìê·žëíŒ ê³µì 곌 PDMS륌 ìŽì©íì¬ ì ìë ì첎 칩 ììì ëë êµ¬ë°°ê° ìŒë§ë ì ì§ëëì§ íìžíë€. ëí, CCL19ì ëë 구배ì ì 묎ì ë°ë¥ž ìì§ì ìží¬ì ìŽëì imageJì MATLAB íë¡ê·žëšì ì¬ì©íì¬ ì¶ì ë° ë¶ìíìë€. ë ëìê°ì, íì ìí ì íë ovalbumin ëšë°±ì§ ì²ëŠ¬ ì 묎ì ë°ëŒì ìì§ì ìží¬ê° 믞ì ìŽ T ìží¬ì ì ìŽíì ë ìŽë€ ììŒë¡ ë°ìíë ì§ë¥Œ êŽì°°íë€. Ovalbumin ëšë°±ì§ìŽ ì²ëŠ¬ë ìì§ì ìží¬ì 겜ì°, íë ìŽìì 믞ì ìŽ T ìží¬ê° ìì§ì ìží¬ì ë¶ìŽ íšê» ìŽëíë€. íì§ë§, ovalbumin ëšë°±ì§ìŽ ì²ëŠ¬ëì§ ìì ìì§ì ìží¬ë 믞ì ìŽ T ìží¬ì ë³ë€ë¥ž ìížìì©ì 볎ì¬ì£Œì§ 못íë€.
ìŽë²ì ì첎 ì ìí ì첎 칩ì ì - ë©Žì ì¬ìŽíŽì ìŒë¶ë§ì ì¬íí ì ìë€. ì¬ìŽíŽì ë€ë¥ž ë¶ë¶ì ì¬íí ì ìë ì첎 칩ë€ì ê°ë°íê³ ìŽ ì¹©ë€ì íëë¡ ì°ê²°íë©Ž, ê²°êµ ì 첎 ì¬ìŽíŽì 몚ì¬í ì ìë 칩ì ì»ì ì ìì ê²ìŽë€. ìµì¢
ííì ì첎 칩ìì ìë¡ ê°ë°ë ë©Žìíìì 륌 íê°íê±°ë êŽì°°íêž° ìŽë €ìŽ ìží¬ ê° ìíž ìì©ì ë³Žë€ ì ííê² ìŽíŽíëë° ì¬ì©í ì ìì ê²ìŽë€. 결곌ì ìŒë¡, ë묌 ì€íì ë첎íšìŒë¡ìš ì€ëŠ¬ì 묞ì ëë ë¹ì© ë° ìê° ë¬žì 륌 íŽê²°í ì ìì ê²ìŒë¡ êž°ëíë€
3-pyridine carboxamideì ìí ë§ì°ì€ ê°ì ë°ì ë° ìžì²Ž ê°ììží¬ ì±ì¥ ìµì íšê³Œ
Thesis(doctors) --ììžëíêµ ëíì :ìí곌(ë³ëŠ¬íì ê³µ),2010.2.Docto
Proximal shift in the distribution of adenomatous polyps and associated factors over the past ten years
ìí곌/ìì¬[íêž]
배겜: ìµê·Œ ì°ìž¡ ëì¥ìì ë°ì ë¹ëê° ê³Œê±°ì ë¹íŽ ìŠê°íê³ ìë€ë ë³Žê³ ë€ì ìë¹ì ììŒë ëì¥ìì ì ì ë³ììž ëì¥ ì ì¢
ì ìì¹ ë¶í¬ì ë³í ììì ëí ë³Žê³ ë ë§ì§ ìë€. 볞 ì°êµ¬ììë ì°ëë³ë¡ ëì¥ ì ì¢
ì ìì¹ ë¶í¬ì ìêž°ë³ ë³í ìì곌 ìŽì êŽë šë ìžìë€ì ììë³Žê³ ì íë€. ëì ë° ë°©ë²: 1995ë
ë¶í° 1ìë¶í° 2004ë
12ìê¹ì§ 10ë
ê° ì°ìžëíêµ ì곌ëí ìžëžëì€ ë³ììì ëì¥ëŽì겜 ê²ì¬ë¥Œ ìí ë°ì ì¬ë ì€ ëì¥ì, ëì¥ íŽëŠœ, ëë ëì¥ì ì ì ìíì ê³Œê±°ë ¥ìŽ ìê±°ë ìŒìŠì± ì¥ì§íìŽ ìë íì륌 ì ìžíê³ , í¬êž°ê° 5mm ìŽììŽë©° ì¡°ì§ê²ì¬ì ì ì¢
ìŒë¡ ëìš 2,498ëª
ì ì°êµ¬ëììŒë¡ íìë€. Sìê²°ì¥-ííê²°ì¥ ê²œê³ë¶ìì ê·Œìë¶ë¥Œ ê·Œìë¶ ëì¥ìŒë¡ ê·žëŠ¬ê³ ê·ž ììë¶ë¥Œ ììë¶ ëì¥ìŒë¡ ì ìíìë€. ì§íì± ì ì¢
ì í¬êž°ê° 10mm ìŽììŽê±°ë êŽììµëªšì ì ì¢
, ìµëªšì ì ì¢
í¹ì ê³ ëì ìŽíì±ìŽë ìì± ë³í륌 ëë°íë ì ì¢
ìŒë¡ ì ìíìë€. 결곌: ê·Œìë¶ ëì¥ì ì ì¢
ìŽ ìë ì¬ëì ë¹ìšì 1995ë
48.5%ìì 2004ë
66.3%ë¡ ì°ëì ë°ëŒ ì ìíê² ìŠê°íììŒë©°(p<0.001) ê·Œìë¶ ëì¥ì ì§íì± ì ì¢
ìŽ ìë íìì ë¹ìšë 1995ë
42.9%ìì 2004ë
52.6%ë¡ ì°ëì ë°ëŒ ì ìíê² ìŠê°íìë€(p=0.003). ê·Œìë¶ ëì¥ì ìì¹íë ì ì¢
ì ë¹ìšì 1995ë
48.5%ìì 2004ë
66.3%ë¡ ì°ëì ë°ëŒ ì ìíê² ìŠê°íììŒë©°(p<0,001) ê·Œìë¶ ëì¥ì ìì¹íë ì§íì± ì ì¢
ì ë¹ìšë 1995ë
40.4%ìì 50.6%ë¡ ì°ëì ë°ëŒ ì ìíê² ìŠê°íìë€(p=0.018). ëšìŒë³ë ë¶ì 결곌ìì ëšì±ìŽê±°ë, 60ìž ìŽììž ê²œì°, ë¬Žê²œì± ì ì¢
, 10mm ìŽíì ì ì¢
, êŽì ì ì¢
, ì ëì ìŽíì±ìŽ ìë ì ì¢
, ë¹ì§íì± ì ì¢
, ê·žëŠ¬ê³ ì°êµ¬ êž°ê° ì€ íë°ë¶ì ê²œì° ê·Œìë¶ì ìì¹íë ë¹ìšìŽ ì ìíê² ëìë€(p<0.001). ê·žë¬ë ë€ì€ë³ë ë¶ìììë ì ì¢
ì ì§íì± ì¬ë¶ì ì ì¢
ì ìì¹ì¬ìŽì ì ìí êŽë šìŽ ììë€(p=0.176). ê²°ë¡ : ìŽìì ê²°ê³Œë¡ ìµê·Œ 10ë
ê° ì°ëì ë°ëŒ ê·Œìë¶ ëì¥ì ì ì¢
ìŽ ìë íìì ë¹ìšê³Œ ê·Œìë¶ ëì¥ì ìì¹íë ì ì¢
ì ë¹ìšìŽ ìŠê°íìë€. ë°ëŒì ëì¥ìì ì ë³ê²ì¬ë¡ì Sìê²°ì¥ê²œ ê²ì¬ë³Žë€ë ëì¥ëŽì겜 ê²ì¬ê° ë°ëì§íë€ê³ ìê°íë€.
[ì묞]Background: The incidence of right side colon cancer is increasing, recently. Adenomatous polyp is precancerous lesion of colorectal cancer. However, there were not so many reports regarding chronologic changes in the distribution of adenomatous polyps. We aimed to study changes in the distribution of adenomatous polyps over the past ten years and to examine the factors associated with changes in the distribution of adenomatous polyps. Methods: We reviewed colonoscopic and pathologic reports of patients who underwent colonoscopy at Yonsei University, Severance Hospital between January 1995 and December 2004. We enrolled the patients who had adenomatous polyp equal or larger than 5 mm. Of these patients, The patients who had incomplete colonoscopic examination or history of colon resection, polyp, colon cancer, polyposis syndrome, or inflammatory bowel disease were excluded. Total of 2,498 patients were enrolled and analyzed in this study. Proximal colon was defined as the colon proximal to the sigmoid-descending junction. A large adenomatous polyp(â¥10mm) or adenomatous polyp with villous component, high grade dysplasia, or cancer transformation was defined as advanced polyp. Results: Over the past 10 years, the proportion of patients who had adenomatous polyp at proximal colon significantly increased from 48.5% to 66.3%(p<0.001), and that of patients with advanced polyp at proximal colon, from 42.9% to 52.6%(p=0.003). The proportion of proximal colon polyps significantly increased from 48.5% to 52.6% (p<0.001), and that of proximal advanced polyp significantly increased from 40.4% to 50.6% (p=0.018). Male sex, old age (â¥60 years old), non-pedunculated polyps, small size (<10mm), tubular adenoma, low grade dysplasia, non-advanced polyps, and the recent years (â¥2000) were significantly associated with proximal location of polyps Conclusions: The proportion of patients who had adenomatous polyps at proximal colon and the proportion of proximal colon polyps significantly increased over the past 10 years. Therefore, sigmoidoscopy as a screening test had limitation and it may be more reasonable to recommend colonoscopy especially in case of the man over 60 years old.ope
ìŒí구 íììíê³ìì ì¬ëªšì¶©ë¥ì ë¶í¬ì íììíììì ìí
íìë
Œë¬ž(ìì¬)--ììžëíêµ ëíì :íŽìí곌,1995.Maste
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