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    ์ดˆํšจ์œจ์„ฑ(Super Efficiency) DEA ๋ชจํ˜•์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(๋ฐ•์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋Œ€ํ•™์› ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ณ„ํšํ•™๊ณผ,2020. 2. ๊น€์„ฑ์ˆ˜.This studies purpose is to propose a policy scheme through analyzing the impacting factors for this after analyzing the efficiency and productivity changes of the Korean urban railway management agency by utilizing the Super efficiency DEA model. This study is on the Korean local governments railway management agency which is a public corporation. It consists of panel data from 6 public and 2 private agencies. The Super efficiency value was measured by applying Meta frontier analysis, considering that the sample size of the urban railway management agency is not large. In order to analyze efficiency, business hours, vehicle numbers, number of employees and the total amount of power were used as inputs. The outputs used were vehicle-km and passenger boarding performance(passenger-km). The changes in productivity of the urban railway management agency were analyzed and the change of technical efficiency, the technology change, and the values of scale efficiency were estimated by using Malmquist analysis. Through Tobit regression analysis, the factors impacting the efficiency and the change of productivity were identified. The results of the analysis within this study are as follows. Firstly, the research shows that there are several management agencies each year with a score efficiency of 1 from the urban railway management agency shown in the estimation results of DEA(BCC) model. Secondly, using the DEA(SBCC) model of super efficiency, the relative efficiencies of management agencies in efficiency boundary was analyzed and the efficiency of the private management agency is estimated as being higher than the public management agency. Also shown are slight differences without great fluctuations in the value of efficiency between the management agencies when the efficiency is considering passenger-km as a representative index of demand in the output is estimated. The private management agencies compared to public management agencies have relatively high values of output and relatively low values of input and these results are interpreted as being derived because of Data Envelopment Analysis, which the efficiency is calculated by the ratio of input and output. Thirdly, both the efficiency of BCC model and the super efficiency of SBCC model were separately analyzed and it didnt show a big difference between the productivity of each of the models. As a result of analyzing the productivity changes, it appears that there were differences in the efficiency and the technological changes in accordance with technical progress by the management agencies. Lastly, as a result of Tobit regression analysis, it showed a positive impact on the efficiency of private management agencies in those dummy variables of the operator and the express service. It is considered that the efficiency was positively affected as the labor efficiency indicator of the private management agency is higher. It was found that the efficiency is positively affected by the ratio of unattended driving, rate of road and population density but the number of cars registered per person shows a negative effect. The policy implications of increasing the efficiency and productivity of urban railway management agencies by using the results and analysis of this study are as follows. First of all, this study attempted to overcome the limitation of presenting multiple management agencies with an efficiency score of 1 in the traditional DEA model by analyzing the relative efficiency of domestic urban railway management using the super-efficiency DEA model. It was able to show the superiority differences among a number of efficient urban rail management agencies and to provide information that could be more efficient by comparing their influence. Secondly, it is determined that we need to consider the private management agencies or private management commissioned agencies which are providing the public service based on the analysis. The result of this analysis shows that the efficiency of private management agencies is higher than the efficiency of public management agencies in the model set of this study to analyze the efficiency of urban railway management agency. However, a cautious approach is needed in relation to commissioned management because the urban railway service is public in nature and therefore the way it is managed needs to be sufficiently considered when the local government pushes forward a new urban railway business. Thirdly, results suggest that most of the urban railway management agencies are inefficient. Appropriate effort is needed to make employee numbers adequate. Employee numbers is the most significant proportion of the inputs in this study. Fourthly, productivity improvement occurred primarily through technological progress and the effects of a scaled economy. In this study, a judgement has been made that the management agencies made an effort to find efficient management methods in accordance with the trends to utilize automation on newly constructed routes although significant results in the estimated coefficients of the automation ratio have not been shown. Lastly, in this study the increase of road ratio and population density in the area where the urban railway is set up and operated has a positive effect on the efficiency of the operating institution. The results suggest that the external factors significantly affected the management agencies. In terms of performance measurement and management of public institutions, it is necessary to consider external factors in order to more accurately evaluate operational efficiency.๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ดˆํšจ์œจ์„ฑ(Super efficiency) DEA ๋ชจํ˜•์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ ๋„์‹œ์ฒ ๋„ ์šด์˜๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ ๋ฐ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ํ›„, ์šด์˜๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์š”์ธ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด๋ฅผ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์ •์ฑ…๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ์˜ ์ง€๋ฐฉ์ž์น˜๋‹จ์ฒด์˜ ๊ณต๊ธฐ์—…์ธ ๋„์‹œ์ฒ ๋„ ์šด์˜๊ธฐ๊ด€๊ณผ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„ ์šด์˜๊ธฐ๊ด€์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณต๊ณต ์šด์˜๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ 6๊ฐœ ๊ธฐ๊ด€๊ณผ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„์˜ 2๊ฐœ ์šด์˜๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ํŒจ๋„์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋„์‹œ์ฒ ๋„ ์šด์˜๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ํ‘œ๋ณธ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ํฌ์ง€ ์•Š์€ ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฉ”ํƒ€ ํšจ์œจ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ๋ถ„์„(Meta frontier analysis)์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ดˆํšจ์œจ์„ฑ ๊ฐ’์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋„์‹œ์ฒ ๋„์˜ ํˆฌ์ž…๋ฌผ๋กœ๋Š” ์˜์—…์—ฐ์žฅ, ๋ณด์œ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์ˆ˜, ์ง์›์ˆ˜, ์ „๋ ฅ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‚ฐ์ถœ๋ฌผ๋กœ๋Š” ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰-km, ์—ฌ๊ฐ์Šน์ฐจ์‹ค์ (์ธ-km)์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ง˜ํ€ด์ŠคํŠธ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋„์‹œ์ฒ ๋„ ์šด์˜๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์  ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ ๋ณ€ํ™”, ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋ณ€ํ™”, ๊ทœ๋ชจ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ ๊ฐ’์„ ์ถ”์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ† ๋น—ํšŒ๊ท€ ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์š”์ธ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, DEA(BCC) ๋ชจํ˜• ์ถ”์ •๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋„์‹œ์ฒ ๋„ ์šด์˜๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ ์ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ 1์ธ ์šด์˜๊ธฐ๊ด€์ด ์—ฐ๋„๋ณ„๋กœ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๊ฐœ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ์ดˆํšจ์œจ์„ฑ DEA(SBCC) ๋ชจํ˜•์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํšจ์œจ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์šด์˜๊ธฐ๊ด€๋“ค์€ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์ธ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„ ์šด์˜๊ธฐ๊ด€์ด ๊ณต๊ณต ์šด์˜๊ธฐ๊ด€ ๋ณด๋‹ค ์šด์˜ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ •๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณต๊ธ‰ ๋ฐ ์ˆ˜์š”๊ด€๋ จ ์‚ฐ์ถœ๋ฌผ์˜ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์„ ์ถ”์ •ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์šด์˜๊ธฐ๊ด€ ๊ฐ„ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ ๊ฐ’์—์„œ ํฐ ๋ณ€๋™์€ ์—†์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„ ์šด์˜๊ธฐ๊ด€์€ ๊ณต๊ณต ์šด์˜๊ธฐ๊ด€์— ๋น„ํ•ด์„œ ํˆฌ์ž…๋ฌผ์˜ ๊ฐ’์ด ๋น„๊ต์  ์ž‘์œผ๋ฉด์„œ ์‚ฐ์ถœ๋ฌผ์˜ ๊ฐ’์€ ๋น„๊ต์  ๋†’์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ์ž๋ฃŒํฌ๋ฝ๋ถ„์„์ด ํˆฌ์ž…๊ณผ ์‚ฐ์ถœ์˜ ๋น„์œจ๋กœ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์„ ์‚ฐ์ถœํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋„์ถœ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•ด์„๋œ๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, BCC ๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ๊ณผ SBCC ๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ์ดˆํšจ์œจ์„ฑ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋ชจํ˜•๊ฐ„ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ ๋ณ€ํ™”์—์„œ๋Š” ํฐ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ถ„ํ•ดํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์šด์˜๊ธฐ๊ด€๋ณ„๋กœ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ์ง„๋ณด์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋ณ€ํ™”, ๊ทœ๋ชจ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋„ท์งธ, ํ† ๋น—ํšŒ๊ท€ ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์šด์˜์ฃผ์ฒด ๋ฐ ๊ธ‰ํ–‰์šดํ–‰ ๋”๋ฏธ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„ ์šด์˜๊ธฐ๊ด€์ด ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์— ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋…ธ๋™ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ ์ง€ํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„ ์šด์˜๊ธฐ๊ด€์ด ๋†’๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์— ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ๋ฌด์ธ์šด์ „ ๋น„์œจ, ๋„๋กœ์œจ, ์ธ๊ตฌ๋ฐ€๋„ ๋˜ํ•œ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์— ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ, 1์ธ๋‹น ์ž๋™์ฐจ ๋“ฑ๋ก๋Œ€์ˆ˜๋Š” ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋„์‹œ์ฒ ๋„ ์šด์˜๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ •์ฑ…์  ์‹œ์‚ฌ์ ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ์ดˆํšจ์œจ์„ฑ DEA ๋ชจํ˜•์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ DEA ๋ชจํ˜•์—์„œ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ ์ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ 1์ธ ๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ๋„์‹œ์ฒ ๋„ ์šด์˜๊ธฐ๊ด€์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ํšจ์œจ์ ์ธ ๋„์‹œ์ฒ ๋„ ์šด์˜๊ธฐ๊ด€ ๊ฐ„์˜ ์šฐ์—ด์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋“ค ๊ฐ„์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ ๋น„๊ต๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋”์šฑ ํšจ์œจ์ ์ธ ์šด์˜๊ธฐ๊ด€์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์„ค์ •ํ•œ ๋ชจํ˜•์—์„œ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„ ์šด์˜๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์ด ๊ณต๊ณต ์šด์˜๊ธฐ๊ด€๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋†’์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณผ ๋•Œ ๊ณต๊ณต์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๋„์‹œ์ฒ ๋„๋Š” ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„ ์šด์˜๊ธฐ๊ด€ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„ ์šด์˜์œ„ํƒ๊ธฐ๊ด€์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋งŒ ๋„์‹œ์ฒ ๋„ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋Š” ๊ณต๊ณต์„ฑ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์œ„ํƒ์šด์˜๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์‹ ์ค‘ํ•œ ์ ‘๊ทผ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ง€๋ฐฉ์ž์น˜๋‹จ์ฒด๋„ ๋„์‹œ์ฒ ๋„ ์‚ฌ์—…์„ ์‹ ๊ทœ๋กœ ์ถ”์ง„ํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์šด์˜๋ฐฉ์‹์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ ์„ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๋„์‹œ์ฒ ๋„ ์šด์˜๊ธฐ๊ด€์—์„œ ๋น„ํšจ์œจ์ ์ธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์ œ์‹œ๋œ ๋ฐ” ํˆฌ์ž…๋ฌผ ์ค‘ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋น„์ค‘์„ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ง์›์ˆ˜๋Š” ์ ์ • ์ง์›์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์กฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋„ท์งธ, ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์€ ์ฃผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ง„๋ณด์™€ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ํšจ๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฌด์ธ์šด์ „ ๋น„์œจ์˜ ์ถ”์ •๊ณ„์ˆ˜๊ฐ’์—์„œ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์ œ์‹œ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ตœ๊ทผ ์‹ ๊ทœ ๊ฑด์„ค๋˜๋Š” ๋…ธ์„ ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๋ฌด์ธ์œผ๋กœ ์šดํ–‰ํ•  ์ถ”์„ธ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด ๋ณธ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์šด์˜๊ธฐ๊ด€์€ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ง„๋ณด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํšจ์œจ์ ์ธ ์šด์˜๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ์ฐพ๋Š” ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ๋„์‹œ์ฒ ๋„๊ฐ€ ์šด์˜๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํ•ด๋‹น์ง€์—ญ์˜ ๋„๋กœ์œจ๊ณผ ์ธ๊ตฌ๋ฐ€๋„๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ์šด์˜๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์— ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์™ธ๋ถ€ ์š”์ธ์ด ์šด์˜๊ธฐ๊ด€์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ํฐ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณต๊ณต๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณผ์ธก์ • ๋ฐ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ฐจ์›์—์„œ ์šด์˜ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์™ธ๋ถ€ ์š”์ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณ ๋ ค๋„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค.โ… . ์„œ๋ก  1 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ๋ชฉ์  1 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„์™€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 4 3. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์˜์˜์™€ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ 6 โ…ก. ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ ๋ณ€ํ™” ๊ฐœ๋… ๋ฐ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ 9 1. ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ ๋ฐ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ ๋ณ€ํ™” ๊ฐœ๋… 9 2. ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ 14 1) ๊ตญ์™ธ ์„ ํ–‰ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ 14 2) ๊ตญ๋‚ด ์„ ํ–‰ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ 17 3) ์ดˆํšจ์œจ์„ฑ ๊ด€๋ จ ์„ ํ–‰ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ 21 4) ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์‹œ์‚ฌ์  25 โ…ข. ๋ชจํ˜• ์„ค์ • ๋ฐ ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 28 1. ์ž๋ฃŒํฌ๋ฝ๋ถ„์„๊ธฐ๋ฒ•(DEA) ๊ฐœ๋…๊ณผ ๊ฐ€์ • 28 1) ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ ๋ถ„์„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ • 29 2) CCR ๋ชจํ˜• 32 3) BCC ๋ชจํ˜• 33 2. ์ดˆํšจ์œจ์„ฑ(Super efficiency) DEA ๊ฐœ๋… 34 3. ๋ง˜ํ€ด์ŠคํŠธ(Malmquist) ๋ถ„์„ 40 4. ํ† ๋น—ํšŒ๊ท€ ๋ถ„์„ 44 5. ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 46 1) DEA 46 2) Super Efficiency DEA 48 3) Meta Frontier Analysis 49 4) Malmquist Analysis 50 5) Tobit Regression Analysis 51 โ…ฃ. ์ž๋ฃŒ ๊ตฌ์ถ• ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์  ๋ถ„์„ 53 1. ๋„์‹œ์ฒ ๋„ ์šด์˜๊ธฐ๊ด€ ์ž๋ฃŒ์˜ ๊ตฌ์ถ• 53 1) ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ ๋ถ„์„์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์ž๋ฃŒ 55 2) ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ ์š”์ธ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ž๋ฃŒ 60 2. ์ž๋ฃŒ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์  ๋ถ„์„ 67 1) ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ ๋ฐ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ ๋ณ€ํ™” ๋ถ„์„์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ž๋ฃŒ 68 2) TOBIT ํšŒ๊ท€๋ถ„์„์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ž๋ฃŒ 86 โ…ค. ๋„์‹œ์ฒ ๋„ ์šด์˜๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ ๋ฐ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 97 1. ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 97 1) ์‚ฐ์ถœ๋ฌผ: ๊ณต๊ธ‰๊ด€๋ จ ์‚ฐ์ถœ๋ฌผ 97 2) ์‚ฐ์ถœ๋ฌผ: ๊ณต๊ธ‰ ๋ฐ ์ˆ˜์š”๊ด€๋ จ ์‚ฐ์ถœ๋ฌผ 101 3) BCC๋ชจํ˜•๊ณผ SBCC๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋น„๊ต 104 4) ๊ทœ๋ชจ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ˆ˜ํ™•์ƒํƒœ 105 2. ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ ๋ณ€ํ™” ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 108 1) ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ ๋ณ€ํ™” ๋ถ„์„(BCC ๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ) 108 2) ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ ๋ณ€ํ™” ๋ถ„์„(SBCC ๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ์ดˆํšจ์œจ์„ฑ) 114 3. ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์š”์ธ ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 119 1) ํ† ๋น—ํšŒ๊ท€ ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 120 2) ํ† ๋น—ํšŒ๊ท€๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ํ•ด์„ 123 3) ์—ฌ์œ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜(slack variable) ๊ฐ’ ํ•ด์„ 127 4) ์ค€๊ฑฐ์ง‘ํ•ฉ(reference set) ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 130 โ…ฅ. ๊ฒฐ๋ก  135 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์š”์•ฝ๊ณผ ์ •์ฑ…์  ์‹œ์‚ฌ์  135 1) ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์˜ ์š”์•ฝ 135 2) ์ •์ฑ…์  ์‹œ์‚ฌ์  137 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„ ๋ฐ ํ–ฅํ›„ ๊ณผ์ œ 140 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 142 ๋ถ€๋ก 1: DEA ์ž๋ฃŒ ๋ฐ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 149 1. ๊ณต๊ธ‰๊ด€๋ จ ์‚ฐ์ถœ๋ฌผ 149 2. ๊ณต๊ธ‰ ๋ฐ ์ˆ˜์š”๊ด€๋ จ ์‚ฐ์ถœ๋ฌผ 155 ๋ถ€๋ก 2: BCC ๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ํ† ๋น—ํšŒ๊ท€ ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 161 Abstract 163Docto

    [ํŠน์ง‘] ํƒˆ๋ถ ๊ท€์ˆœ๋™ํฌ๋“ค์˜ ์ •์ฐฉ์ง€์› ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด๋ณธ ํ†ต์ผ ๋Œ€๋น„์˜ ๊ธธ

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    1. ์„œ์–ธ 2. ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ์ œ๊ธฐ 3. ํ•˜๋‚˜์›์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ์ ์‘๊ต์œก 4. ํ†ต์ผ์„ ๋Œ€๋น„ํ•˜๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ž์„ธ 5. ๊ฒฐ
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