29 research outputs found

    25-hydroxyvitamin D and its relationship with autonomic dysfunction using time- and frequency-domain parameters of heart rate variability in Korean populations: a cross-sectional study

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    Previous studies have demonstrated that reduced heart rate variability (HRV) and hypovitaminosis D are associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, few reports have investigated the effects of vitamin D on HRV. This cross-sectional study analyzed serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and HRV indices using 5-min R-R interval recordings with an automatic three-channel electrocardiography in healthy subjects (103 males and 73 females). Standard deviation of N-N interval (SDNN), square root of mean squared differences of successive N-N intervals (RMSSD), total power (TP), very low frequency (VLF), low frequency (LF), and high frequency (HF) were reported. The mean age of subjects was 55.3 ยฑ 11.3 years and the mean 25(OH)D level was 21.2 ยฑ 9.9 ng/mL. In a multiple linear regression model, 25(OH)D was positively correlated with SDNN (ฮฒ = 0.240, p < 0.002), and LF (ฮฒ = 0.144, p = 0.044). Vitamin D deficiency (25(OH)D < 15 ng/mL) was associated with decreased SDNN (<30 m/s) (OR, 3.0795% confidence interval (CI), 1.32-7.14p = 0.014) after adjusting for covariates. We found that lower 25(OH)D levels were associated with lower HRV, suggesting a possible explanation for the higher risk of CVD in populations with hypovitaminosi

    The association between a low urine pH and the components of metabolic syndrome in the Korean population: Findings based on the 2010 Korea National health and nutrition examination survey

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    BACKGROUND: Low urine pH is related to obesity and insulin resistance, which are components of metabolic syndrome (MS). The aim of this study was to identify the relation between a low urine pH and MS after controlled for other covariates including demographic and lifestyle factors in adult Korean population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed data from the 2010 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a cross-sectional and nationally representative survey and 1960 men and 2702 women were included in this study. Study subjects were divided into the group with urine pH <5.5 and the group with urine pH โ‰ฅ5.5 refer to literature. We then evaluated the association between low urine pH and MS. RESULTS: After adjusting for age, sex, smoking status, drinking status, regular exercise, and blood urea nitrogen level, the odds ratio (OR) for the presence of MS in the group with urine pH <5.5 was 1.350 (95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.158-1.573) using the American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute criteria or 1.304 (95% CI: 1.082-1.572) using the International Diabetes Federation criteria. Among MS components, elevated fasting glucose (OR: 1.231, 95% CI: 1.058-1.433, P = 0.007) and elevated triglyceride (TG) (OR: 1.389, 95% CI: 1.189-1.623, P < 0.001) showed a significantly high OR. CONCLUSION: The findings confirmed that low urine pH is associated with MS in the Korean population. Among MS components, elevated fasting glucose and elevated TG showed a significantly high OR

    Growth and Flowering of Cymbidium Red Fire and Yokihi in Response to Light Intensity, Temperature and Nitrogen Nutrition during Night Interruption Forcing Culture

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (๋ฐ•์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์‹๋ฌผ์ƒ์‚ฐ๊ณผํ•™๋ถ€ ์›์˜ˆ๊ณผํ•™ ์ „๊ณต, 2012. 8. ๊น€๊ธฐ์„ .The effects of night interruption (NI) with different light intensities, temperature and nitrogen nutrient control were examined on vegetative and reproductive growth of Cymbidium Red Fire and Yokihi. The cymbidium cultivars were grown under 9/15 h ambient light/dark (control), 9 h ambient light plus NI (22:00 to 02:00 h) with low light intensity at 3-7 mol m2 s1 (LNI) or 9 h ambient light plus NI with high light intensity at 120 mol m2 s1 (HNI) conditions. While none of the control plants flowered within 2 years, 100% of the Yokihi and 80% of the Red Fire plants grown under the HNI condition flowered. In the LNI group, 60% of the plants in both cultivars flowered. Plants in the HNI group showed a decreased time to visible inflorescence and flowering than those in the LNI group. Changes of carbohydrates including sucrose, fructose, glucose and starch were evaluated to determine the factors involved in flowering promotion in Cymbidium Red Fire during a NI forcing culture. Plants grown in the LNI and HNI had more leaves and pseudobulbs dry mass than those grown in the control group. Soluble carbohydrate concentrations in the pseudobulbs of the plants were greater in the HNI than in the LNI and control. Glucose was the most abundant soluble carbohydrate. Starch was present in the leaf exudate and was greater in the plants in the LNI than in the HNI or control. The growth and flowering of Cymbidium Red Fire and Yokihi plants were tried to improve flowering percentage during NI forcing culture with summer cooling. The greenhouses where the plants were grown were cooled by a mist system (mist) or a shade screen (shade). The temperature was approximately 2ยฐC lower in the mist than in the shade and the relative humidity under the mist and shade condition were 80 ยฑ 5% and 55 ยฑ 5%, respectively. The plants that received NI followed by the mist flowered within 2 years with different flowering percentages depending on light intensity, while none of the plants flowered with the shade condition. Photosynthetic characteristics of Cymbidium Red Fire and Yokihi were investigated when the plants were exposed to NI forcing culture in relation to leaf nitrogen content. Photoinhibition could occur when NI applied to Cymbidium without supplemental nitrogen. The results of this study provide information on promotion of Cymbidium cultivation for high value cultivars. Application of the NI improved the flower quality of Cymbidium by decreasing days to flower. The NI promoted Cymbidium flowering within 2 years. Temperature should be maintained under 27ยฐC by a mist system in a greenhouse cultivation to avoid heat stress and inflorescence abortion during summer growing seasons. Additional nitrogen should be fertilized when the NI is introduced in the forcing culture. The developed cultivation methods are beneficial to promote flowering and to enhance flower quality of Cymbidium Red Fire and Yokihi.ABSTRACT i CONTENTS iv LIST OF TABLES vii LIST OF FIGURES viii GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1 LITERATURE REVIEW 4 Control of Flowering in Orchids 4 Physiology of Cymbidium 6 Flowering Responses to NI 7 LITERATURE CITED 9 CHAPTER I. Night Interruption Promotes Vegetative Growth and Flowering of Cymbidium Red Fire and Yokihi ABSTRACT 13 INTRODUCTION 15 MATERIALS AND METHODS 18 RESULTS 22 DISCUSSION 32 LITERATURE CITED 36 CHAPTER II. Carbohydrate Changes of Cymbidium Red Fire in Response to Night Interruption with Different Light Intensities ABSTRACT 39 INTRODUCTION 41 MATERIALS AND METHODS 44 RESULTS 48 DISCUSSION 57 LITERATURE CITED 60 CHAPTER III. Growth and Flowering of Cymbidium Red Fire and Yokihi during Night Interruption Forcing Culture with Mist and Shade Systems ABSTRACT 63 INTRODUCTION 65 MATERIALS AND METHODS 68 RESULTS 73 DISCUSSION 83 LITERATURE CITED 86 CHAPTER IV. Photosynthetic Characteristics of Cymbidium Red Fire and Yokihi in Response to Night Interruption and Nitrogen Nutrition ABSTRACT 89 INTRODUCTION 91 MATERIALS AND METHODS 93 RESULTS 99 DISCUSSION 114 LITERATURE CITED 119 CONCLUSION 124 ABSTRACT IN KOREAN 126Docto

    ์ทŒ์žฅ์•”์—์„œ ์•”์ค„๊ธฐ์„ธํฌ ํŠน์ด์  ์•ฑํƒ€๋จธ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ

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    Dept. of Medical Science/๋ฐ•์‚ฌPancreatic cancer remains one of the most common and lethal cancer. Most patients (80%) present with inoperable advanced pancreatic cancer at initial diagnosis and their early diagnosis is a significant unmet challenge. Recent studies indicate that cancer, including pancreatic cancer, is initiated and propagated by cancer stem cells (CSCs). CSCs are responsible not only for the pathogenesis of cancer but also for the heterogeneity, malignant degree, anti-cancer therapy resistance, and recurrence of tumors. Therefore, identification of CSCs using convincing biomarkers may be a crucial stepping stone for overcoming this disastrous pancreatic cancer. Here, we investigated pancreatic CSC-associated aptamers as a novel tool for diagnosis and therapeutic agents. Aptamers that bind to pancreatic cancer stem cell were developed by modified cell-SELEX method. Positive selection was performed by the sphere cells generated by pancreatic cancer cell line, HPAC, and then the aptamer pool was negatively selected by pancreatic normal cell line, HPDE. After cell-SELEX, the aptamer 1 and 146 showing high specificity upon the KD values with 22.18 nM and 22.62 nM were selected. These two aptamers were validated by binding to HPAC sphere cells but to HPDE cells and both aptamers showed specificity to HPAC sphere cells only. Aptamer-positive cells showed high expression levels of CSC-associated genes compared to the aptamer-negative cells by FACS analysis. Co-localization of CD44, CD24, ESA and CD133 was also observed in the aptamer-positive cells by confocal microscopy. In the present study, we determined that these two pancreatic CSC-specific aptamers may be potential candidates for novel diagnostic markers, CSC-targeting drug delivery, or circulating-tumor-cell detection. ์ทŒ์žฅ์•”์€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์น˜๋ช…์ ์ธ ์•” ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ด๋‹ค. ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์ทŒ์žฅ์•” ํ™˜์ž(80%)๋Š” ์ฒ˜์Œ ์ง„๋‹จ์‹œ ์ˆ˜์ˆ ๋กœ ์น˜๋ฃŒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์„ ์ •๋„๋กœ ์ง„ํ–‰๋œ ์ƒํƒœ๋กœ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์กฐ๊ธฐ์ง„๋‹จ์ด ์‹œ๊ธ‰ํžˆ ์š”๋ง๋œ๋‹ค. ์ตœ๊ทผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ์ทŒ์žฅ์•”์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์•”์€ ์•”์ค„๊ธฐ์„ธํฌ์—์„œ ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜๊ณ  ํผ์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์กŒ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์•”์ค„๊ธฐ์„ธํฌ๋Š” ์•”์˜ ๋ฐœ๋ณ‘ ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ดํ˜•์„ฑ, ์•…์„ฑ์˜ ์ •๋„, ํ•ญ์•”์น˜๋ฃŒ ๋‚ด์„ฑ๊ณผ ์žฌ๋ฐœ์— ๊ด€์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๊ณ ๋œ ๋ฐ” ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋ฐ”์ด์˜ค๋งˆ์ปค๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ์•”์ค„๊ธฐ์„ธํฌ์˜ ๋™์ •์€ ์น˜๋ช…์ ์ธ ์ทŒ์žฅ์•”์„ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋””๋”ค๋Œ์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ทŒ์žฅ์•” ํŠน์ด ์•ฑํƒ€๋จธ๋ฅผ ์ง„๋‹จ๊ณผ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์˜ ๋„๊ตฌ๋กœ์„œ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ทŒ์žฅ์•” ์•”์ค„๊ธฐ์„ธํฌ์— ํŠน์ด์ ์ธ ์•ฑํƒ€๋จธ๋Š” ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋œ cell-SELEX ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋™ํ•ด์„œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์–‘์„ฑ ์„ ๋ณ„์€ HPAC ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ทŒ์žฅ์•” ์„ธํฌ์ฃผ์—์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง„ sphere ์„ธํฌ๋กœ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  ๊ทธ ํ›„, HPDE๋ผ๋Š” ์ •์ƒ ์ทŒ์žฅ ์„ธํฌ์ฃผ๋กœ ์Œ์„ฑ ์„ ๋ณ„์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. cell-SELEX ์ดํ›„, ์•ฑํƒ€๋จธ 1๊ณผ 146์ด ํ•ด๋ฆฌ์ •์ˆ˜๊ฐ’ 22.18 nM์—์„œ 22.62 nM๋กœ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์€ ์นœํ™”๋ ฅ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด ๋‘ ์•ฑํƒ€๋จธ๋Š” sphere ์„ธํฌ์—๋Š” ๋ถ™๊ณ  ์ •์ƒ์„ธํฌ์ฃผ์ธ HPDE์— ๋ถ™์ง€ ์•Š์•„ ์ทŒ์žฅ์•” ์•”์„ธํฌ์ฃผ์—๋งŒ ์„ ํƒ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์•ฑํƒ€๋จธ๋ฅผ HPAC์„ธํฌ์ฃผ์— ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์‹œ์ผฐ์„ ๋•Œ ์•ฑํƒ€๋จธ 1 ๋˜๋Š” 146์ด ๋ถ™์€ ์•ฑํƒ€๋จธ ์–‘์„ฑ ์„ธํฌ๋Š” ์•”์ค„๊ธฐ์„ธํฌ ๊ด€๋ จ ์œ ์ „์ž๊ฐ€ ์•ฑํƒ€๋จธ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ™์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์•ฑํƒ€๋จธ ์Œ์„ฑ ์„ธํฌ์— ๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋†’์€ ๋ฐœํ˜„ ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์•ฑํƒ€๋จธ 1 ๋˜๋Š” 146์€ HPAC ์„ธํฌ์—์„œ CD44, CD24, ESA ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  CD133๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ทŒ์žฅ์•” ์•”์ค„๊ธฐ์„ธํฌ ๊ด€๋ จ ํ‘œ์  ๋งˆ์ปค์™€ ๊ณต๋™์œผ๋กœ ์œ„์น˜ํ•จ์„ ํ˜•๊ด‘ํ˜„๋ฏธ๊ฒฝ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด ๋‘ ์ทŒ์žฅ์•” ์•”์ค„๊ธฐ์„ธํฌ ํŠน์ด ์•ฑํƒ€๋จธ๊ฐ€ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ง„๋‹จ ๋งˆ์ปค, ์•ฝ๋ฌผ ์ „๋‹ฌ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ‘œ์  ํ›„๋ณด ๋˜๋Š” ์ˆœํ™˜ ์ข…์–‘ ์„ธํฌ์˜ ๊ฒ€์ถœ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ž ์žฌ์ ์ธ ๋งˆ์ปค๊ฐ€ ๋  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ๊ทœ๋ช…ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.ope

    ๋ฏธ์„ธ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์•Œ๋ฃจ๋ฏธ๋Š„ ๋ฐ•๋ง‰์˜ ์ž”๋ฅ˜์‘๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์‘๋ ฅ๊ธฐ์šธ๊ธฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :์ „๊ธฐ๊ณตํ•™๋ถ€,1999.Maste

    ์ข‹์€ ๋…์ž, ๊ธ€์“ฐ๊ธฐ์˜ ๋Šช์„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ฑด๋„ˆ๋Š” ๋™๋ฐ˜์ž

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    The Relationship among Entrepreneurial Performance, Organizational Learning and Entrepreneurial Orientation of Early Stage Startups

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๋†์‚ฐ์—…๊ต์œก๊ณผ, 2014. 8. ์ •์ง„์ฒ .์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ ์ฐฝ์—…๊ธฐ ๋ฒค์ฒ˜๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์ฐฝ์—…์„ฑ๊ณผ์™€ ์กฐ์งํ•™์Šต ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ์—…๊ฐ€ ์ง€ํ–ฅ์„ฑ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์ฒซ์งธ, ์ฐฝ์—…๊ธฐ ๋ฒค์ฒ˜๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์ฐฝ์—…์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ˆ˜์ค€๊ณผ ์กฐ์งํ•™์Šต ์ˆ˜์ค€ ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ์—…๊ฐ€ ์ง€ํ–ฅ์„ฑ์˜ ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ๊ตฌ๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋‘˜์งธ, ์ฐฝ์—…๊ธฐ ๋ฒค์ฒ˜๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ฐฝ์—…์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ˆ˜์ค€๊ณผ ์กฐ์งํ•™์Šต ์ˆ˜์ค€ ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ์—…๊ฐ€ ์ง€ํ–ฅ์„ฑ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ๋ช…ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์…‹์งธ, ์ฐฝ์—…๊ธฐ ๋ฒค์ฒ˜๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์ฐฝ์—…์„ฑ๊ณผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์กฐ์งํ•™์Šต ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ์—…๊ฐ€ ์ง€ํ–ฅ์„ฑ์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋„ท์งธ, ์ฐฝ์—…๊ธฐ ๋ฒค์ฒ˜๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์ฐฝ์—…์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ˆ˜์ค€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์กฐ์งํ•™์Šต์˜ ์„ค๋ช…๋ ฅ์„ ๊ตฌ๋ช…ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๋‹ค์„ฏ์งธ, ๊ธฐ์—…๊ฐ€ ์ง€ํ–ฅ์„ฑ ๋ณ€์ธ์ด ์ฐฝ์—…๊ธฐ ๋ฒค์ฒ˜๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์ฐฝ์—…์„ฑ๊ณผ์™€ ์กฐ์งํ•™์Šต์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์—์„œ ์กฐ์ ˆํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๋Š”๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ๋ช…ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชจ์ง‘๋‹จ์€ ๊ตญ๋‚ด ์ฐฝ์—…๊ธฐ ๋ฒค์ฒ˜๊ธฐ์—…์ด๋ฉฐ, ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ชจ์ง‘๋‹จ์€ 2013๋…„ ์ค‘์†Œ๊ธฐ์—…์ฒญ๊ณผ ๋ฒค์ฒ˜๊ธฐ์—…ํ˜‘ํšŒ๊ฐ€ ๊ณต๋™ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•œ ํ†ต๊ณ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ ์ฐฝ์—… 3๋…„ ์ดํ•˜์˜ ์ฐฝ์—…๊ธฐ ๋ฒค์ฒ˜๊ธฐ์—…์œผ๋กœ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์กฐ์‚ฌ์˜ ์ž๋ฃŒ ์ˆ˜์ง‘์€ ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ์„ค๋ฌธ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ(KSDC)๊ณผ ์šฐํŽธ ์กฐ์‚ฌ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ชฉํ‘œ ๋ชจ์ง‘๋‹จ์ธ ์ฐฝ์—…๊ธฐ ๋ฒค์ฒ˜๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์กฐ์ง ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๋Œ€ํ‘œํ•ด ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฃผ์š”์ •๋ณด์ œ๊ณต์ž๋กœ ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ž, ๊ณต๋™ ์ฐฝ์—…์ž, ์ฐฝ์—… ํŒ€์› ์ค‘ 2์ธ์„ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ค๋ฌธ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด 500๊ฐœ์˜ ์ฐฝ์—…๊ธฐ ๋ฒค์ฒ˜๊ธฐ์—…์— ์„ค๋ฌธ์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฐํฌ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ , ์ด ์ค‘ 173๊ฐœ ๊ธฐ์—…์—์„œ 346๋ถ€์˜ ์„ค๋ฌธ์ด ํšŒ์ˆ˜๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์ค‘ ๋ถˆ์„ฑ์‹คํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์‘๋‹ตํ•œ 13๊ฐœ ๊ธฐ์—… ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด 160๊ฐœ ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ 320๋ถ€(์œ ํšจ์ž๋ฃŒ์œจ 92.5%)๊ฐ€ ์ตœ์ข… ์„ค๋ฌธ ๋ถ„์„์— ํ™œ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์ˆ˜์ง‘๋œ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋Š” Window SPSS 21.0 ํ†ต๊ณ„ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ถ„์„์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ํ†ต๊ณ„์  ์œ ์˜์ˆ˜์ค€์€ 5%๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฃผ์š” ํ†ต๊ณ„๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๋นˆ๋„, ๋ฐฑ๋ถ„์œจ, ํ‰๊ท , ํ‘œ์ค€ํŽธ์ฐจ ๋“ฑ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ†ต๊ณ„๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ๋ณ€์ธ ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ฐํžˆ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„ ๋ถ„์„๊ณผ ํšŒ๊ท€๋ถ„์„์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์กฐ์ ˆํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ Baron๊ณผ Kenny(1986)๊ฐ€ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ ์กฐ์ ˆ๋ณ€์ธ ๋ถ„์„๋ชจํ˜•(moderator model)์— ๊ทผ๊ฑฐํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณ„์ธต์  ํšŒ๊ท€๋ถ„์„์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์ฒซ์งธ, ์ฐฝ์—…๊ธฐ ๋ฒค์ฒ˜๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์ฐฝ์—…์„ฑ๊ณผ์™€ ์กฐ์งํ•™์Šต, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ธฐ์—…๊ฐ€ ์ง€ํ–ฅ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์‹์ˆ˜์ค€์€ ๋ณดํ†ต ์ด์ƒ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ตญ๋‚ด ์ฐฝ์—…๊ธฐ ๋ฒค์ฒ˜๊ธฐ์—…์—์„œ๋Š” ์ฐฝ์—…์„ฑ๊ณผ์˜ ์ฐฝ์ถœ์„ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์กฐ์ง์˜ ๋‚ด์™ธ๋ถ€์ ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ•ํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ ์ž ํ•™์Šตํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ธฐ์—…๊ฐ€ ์ง€ํ–ฅ์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐœํ˜„์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ์ฐฝ์—…๊ธฐ ๋ฒค์ฒ˜๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์กฐ์งํ•™์Šต์€ ์กฐ์ง์˜ ์ƒ์กด๊ณผ ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ฐฝ์—…์„ฑ๊ณผ์˜ ์ฐฝ์ถœ์„ ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์กฐ์งํ•™์Šต์ด ์ฐฝ์—…๊ธฐ ๋ฒค์ฒ˜๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์ฐฝ์—…์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ฐฝ์ถœ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š”๋ฐ ์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ๊ธฐ์—ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์กฐ์ง์—์„œ ์ฃผ๊ด€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๋Š” ์žฌ๋ฌด์  ์„ฑ๊ณผ์™€ ๋น„์žฌ๋ฌด์  ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ฆ์ง„์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ์กฐ์ง์„ ์„ฑ์žฅ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š”๋ฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๋ฐœํœ˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ์กฐ์งํ•™์Šต์˜ ํ•˜์œ„์š”์ธ๋ณ„๋กœ ์ฐฝ์—…๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณผ์ฐฝ์ถœ์— ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์ฐฝ์—…์„ฑ๊ณผ์—๋Š” ์œ ์ง€ํ•™์Šต๊ณผ ๋ณ€ํ˜ํ•™์Šต์ด ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์žฌ๋ฌด์  ์„ฑ๊ณผ์—๋Š” ์ฐฝ์กฐํ•™์Šต๊ณผ ๋ชจ๋ฐฉํ•™์Šต, ๋น„์žฌ๋ฌด์  ์„ฑ๊ณผ์—๋Š” ๋ณ€ํ˜ํ•™์Šต์ด ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์ฐฝ์—…๊ธฐ ๋ฒค์ฒ˜๊ธฐ์—…์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์กฐ์ง์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์ง€์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ•™์Šต๊ณผ ์กฐ์ง์˜ ๋ณ€ํ˜์„ ์ฃผ๋„ํ•˜๋Š” ํ•™์Šต, ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋Œ€์‘ํ•˜๋Š” ํ•™์Šต๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์กฐ์ง์˜ ์šฐ์ˆ˜์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ฅผ ๋ฒค์น˜๋งˆํ‚นํ•˜๋Š” ํ•™์Šต์ด ์ฐฝ์—…์„ฑ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ด๋Œ์–ด๋‚ด๋Š”๋ฐ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ฐฝ์—…์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ฐฝ์ถœ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์กฐ์งํ•™์Šต์„ ์ง€์›ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์žˆ์–ด ์ด๋ฅผ ์‹ ์ค‘ํžˆ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋„ท์งธ, ์ฐฝ์—…๊ธฐ ๋ฒค์ฒ˜๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์กฐ์งํ•™์Šต๊ณผ ์ฐฝ์—…์„ฑ๊ณผ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์—์„œ ๊ธฐ์—…๊ฐ€ ์ง€ํ–ฅ์„ฑ์€ ์กฐ์ ˆ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์ฐฝ์—…์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ฐฝ์ถœ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ƒ์กดํ•˜๊ณ  ์„ฑ์žฅํ•ด์•ผํ•  ๋ฒค์ฒ˜๊ธฐ์—…์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์กฐ์ง์˜ ํ•™์Šตํ™œ๋™๋งŒ์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ํ˜์‹ ์ ์ด๊ณ  ์ง„์ทจ์ ์ด๋ฉฐ ์œ„ํ—˜์„ ๊ฐ์ˆ˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์—์„œ ์ ๊ทน์ ์ด๋ฉฐ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ •์— ์žˆ์–ด ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์› ๊ฐ๊ฐ์ด ์ž์œจ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ฐฝ์—…๊ธฐ ๋ฒค์ฒ˜๊ธฐ์—…์—์„œ๋Š” ์กฐ์ง์˜ ํ•™์Šตํ™œ๋™๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์กฐ์ง์˜ ๊ธฐ์—…๊ฐ€ ์ง€ํ–ฅ์„ฑ ๋˜ํ•œ ์ฆ์ง„์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ฐœ์ž…๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋“ค์„ ๋ชจ์ƒ‰ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—…๊ฐ€ ์ง€ํ–ฅ์„ฑ์˜ ํ•˜์œ„๋ณ€์ธ์ธ ํ˜์‹ ์„ฑ, ์ง„์ทจ์„ฑ, ์œ„ํ—˜๊ฐ์ˆ˜์„ฑ, ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์ ๊ทน์„ฑ, ์ž์œจ์„ฑ์„ ์ฆ์ง„์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์ด ์กฐ์ง ์ฐจ์›์—์„œ ์‹ค์‹œ๋˜์–ด์•ผํ•จ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ† ๋Œ€๋กœ ํ›„์†์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ์ œ์–ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ์ฐฝ์—…๊ธฐ ๋ฒค์ฒ˜๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์กฐ์งํ•™์Šต๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์—…๊ฐ€ ์ง€ํ–ฅ์„ฑ์˜ ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ๋†’์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ์ฐฝ์—…์„ฑ๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ณ€์ธ์„ ์กฐ์ง ๋‚ด๋ถ€์  ์ฐจ์›๊ณผ ์™ธ๋ถ€์  ์ฐจ์›์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๋Š” ์œ„๊ณ„์  ์„ ํ˜•๋ชจํ˜•(HLM)์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ์ฐฝ์—…์„ฑ๊ณผ์™€ ์กฐ์งํ•™์Šต์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์  ์ฐจ์›๊ณผ ์™ธ๋ถ€์  ์ฐจ์›์˜ ๋ณ€์ธ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์งˆ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋„ท์งธ, ์ฐฝ์—…์„ฑ๊ณผ์™€ ์กฐ์งํ•™์Šต ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ์—…๊ฐ€ ์ง€ํ–ฅ์„ฑ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ์„ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์„ฑ์žฅ๋‹จ๊ณ„์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฒค์ฒ˜๊ธฐ์—… ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค.I. ์„œ๋ก  1 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ 1 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์  4 3. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฌธ์ œ 4 4. ์šฉ์–ด์˜ ์ •์˜ 6 5. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ œํ•œ 7 II. ์ด๋ก ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 8 1. ์ฐฝ์—…๊ธฐ ๋ฒค์ฒ˜๊ธฐ์—… 8 2. ์ฐฝ์—…์„ฑ๊ณผ 18 3. ์กฐ์งํ•™์Šต 26 4. ๊ธฐ์—…๊ฐ€ ์ง€ํ–ฅ์„ฑ 35 5. ์ฐฝ์—…์„ฑ๊ณผ์™€ ์กฐ์งํ•™์Šต ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ์—…๊ฐ€ ์ง€ํ–ฅ์„ฑ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„ 44 III. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 51 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ชจํ˜• 51 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋Œ€์ƒ 52 3. ์กฐ์‚ฌ ๋„๊ตฌ 53 4. ์ž๋ฃŒ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ 61 5. ์ž๋ฃŒ ๋ถ„์„ 61 IV. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 67 1. ์„ค๋ฌธ์‘๋‹ต๊ธฐ์—… ๋ฐ ์‘๋‹ต์ž์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์  ํŠน์„ฑ 67 2. ์ฐฝ์—…๊ธฐ ๋ฒค์ฒ˜๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์ฐฝ์—…์„ฑ๊ณผ, ์กฐ์งํ•™์Šต, ๊ธฐ์—…๊ฐ€ ์ง€ํ–ฅ์„ฑ ์ˆ˜์ค€ 69 3. ์‘๋‹ต๊ธฐ์—… ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ฐฝ์—…์„ฑ๊ณผ์™€ ์กฐ์งํ•™์Šต ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ์—…๊ฐ€ ์ง€ํ–ฅ์„ฑ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ์ฐจ์ด 72 4. ์ฐฝ์—…์„ฑ๊ณผ์™€ ์กฐ์งํ•™์Šต ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ์—…๊ฐ€ ์ง€ํ–ฅ์„ฑ์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„ 90 5. ์ฐฝ์—…์„ฑ๊ณผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์กฐ์งํ•™์Šต์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ 92 6. ์กฐ์งํ•™์Šต๊ณผ ์ฐฝ์—…์„ฑ๊ณผ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์—์„œ ๊ธฐ์—…๊ฐ€ ์ง€ํ–ฅ์„ฑ์˜ ์กฐ์ ˆํšจ๊ณผ 97 7. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋…ผ์˜ 100 V. ์š”์•ฝ, ๊ฒฐ๋ก  ๋ฐ ์ œ์–ธ 103 1. ์š”์•ฝ 103 2. ๊ฒฐ๋ก  106 3. ์ œ์–ธ 107 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 109 ๋ถ€๋ก 119Maste

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๋””์ž์ธํ•™๋ถ€(๊ธˆ์†๊ณต์˜ˆ์ „๊ณต), 2013. 2. ๋ฐฑ๊ฒฝ์ฐฌ.๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋‹ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ณ ์•ˆํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ์ธ ๊ธฐ(ๅ™จ)๋Š” ์˜ค๋žœ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ์™€ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ์ œ์ž‘๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ญ์‚ฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ์˜๋‹ด๋‹ค๋ผ๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋งŒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ๊ทธ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋กœ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์˜ ์ œ์ž‘์— ๋งŽ์€ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ผ์ณค๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ œ์ž‘์ž์™€ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์—์„œ ํŒŒ์ƒ๋œ ์˜๋ฏธ์˜ ํ™•์žฅ๊ณผ ๋ฐ€์ ‘ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ธˆ์†๊ณต์˜ˆ๊ฐ€์—๊ฒŒ ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์˜๋ฏธ๋กœ ํ•ด์„ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Œ€์ƒ์ผ๊นŒ? ์ œ์ž‘์ž์™€ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์ด ์œ ๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์„ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๋จผ์ € ๊ทธ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธˆ์†๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๋‹ˆ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํŠน์„ฑ ์ค‘์˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ์„ฑ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ธˆ์† ํ‘œ๋ฉด์„ ์—ฐ๋งˆํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ฑฐ์šธ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š” ํ‘œ๋ฉด์งˆ๊ฐ์„ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์˜ค๋žœ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ๊ธˆ์†์„ ๋Œ€ํ‘œํ•˜๋Š” ์„ฑ์งˆ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ธ์‹๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์•ž์„œ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ–ˆ๋“ฏ๋‹ด๋‹ค๋ผ๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ „์ œ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง„ ๋ง์ธ ๋งŒํผ, ๊ทธ ๋‘˜์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ๋ฐ€์ ‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ƒํ˜ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ผ์น˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋‚˜๋Š”๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ์„ฑ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ธˆ์†์˜ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์  ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์˜๋‹ด๋‹ค๋ผ๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์—์„œ ์ค‘์š” ์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ถœํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์„ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์•ž์„œ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ–ˆ๋“ฏ์ด ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋‹ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ณ ์•ˆ๋œ ๊ทธ๋ฆ‡์€ ๊ทธ ํŠน์„ฑ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ฒน์น˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํฌ๊ฐœ๊ธฐ์— ์šฉ์ดํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ”ํžˆ ๊ทธ๋ฆ‡์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๋•Œ ๊ฒน์น˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํฌ๊ฐœ์–ด์„œ ๋ณด๊ด€ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋ฌผ์˜ ๊ฒน์ณ์ง„ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์€ ๋‹ด์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋™์‹œ์— ๋‹ด๊ธธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ด ๋˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ณณ์€ ๋‹ซํžŒ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ด๋ฉด์„œ๋„ ์—ด๋ฆฐ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ด์œ ๋กœ ๊ฒน์น˜๋‹ค๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์  ์ž‘์—… ์š”์†Œ๋กœ ์ถ”์ถœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์  ์ž‘์—… ์š”์†Œ๋Š” ์•ž์„œ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ธˆ์†์˜ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ํŠน์„ฑ์ธ ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ์„ฑ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ธˆ์† ๊ธฐ๋ฌผ์˜ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ด ์„œ๋กœ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์•ž์„œ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒน์ณ์ง„ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋‹ด๋‹ค์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๋”์šฑ ๋ถ€๊ฐ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒน์ณ์ง„ ๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์—์„œ ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด ์ง€๋ ค๋ฉด ๊ธฐ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์— ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฉด(๊ฑฐ์šธ๋ฉด)๊ณผ ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฉด(๋Œ€์ƒ๋ฉด)์ด ๋™์‹œ์— ์กด์žฌํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ธˆ์†๊ธฐ๋ฌผ์˜ ํ•œ ์ชฝ ๋ฉด์„ ๋ฒ•๋ž‘๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ๋ฉด ์•ˆ์— ๊ธˆ์† ์™ธ์˜ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง„ ๊ทธ๋ฆ‡์˜ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋‹ด๊ฒจ์ง€๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์˜๋„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋น„๋‹จ ๋ฒ•๋ž‘์˜ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€์ผ ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ๊ด€๋žŒ์ž ํ˜น์€ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์ด ๋†“์ธ ๊ณต๊ฐ„๋„ ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ๋ฌผ๊ณผ ๊ธฐ๋ฌผ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ณต๊ฐ„๊ณผ ๊ทธ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์˜ ํ’๊ฒฝ์ด ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ˆ˜์šฉ-์†Œํ†ต๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ๊ธˆ์†์˜ ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ธฐ๋ฌผ์˜ ๋‹ด๋‹ค๋ผ๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ํ™•์žฅ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ™•์žฅ๋œ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์€ ์„œ๋กœ๋ฅผ ๋‹ด์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ชจํ˜ธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ ๋‹ค. ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋‹ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ œ์ž‘ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋ฌผ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ณต๊ฐ„์— ๊ทธ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‹ด๊ธธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€์˜ ๊ตฌํ˜„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋Š” ๊ธˆ์†์˜ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ํŠน์„ฑ์ธ ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ๋ฌผ์˜ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์— ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ•ด์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž€๋‹ค.๊ตญ๋ฌธ์ดˆ๋ก โ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆi I. ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋ง โ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ1 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์  โ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ1 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• โ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ2 (1) ๊ฒน์ณ์„œ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๊ธฐ โ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ2 (2) ๋ฒ•๋ž‘ โ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ3 II. ๊ธฐ(ๅ™จ)์™€ ๊ธˆ์† โ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ5 1. ํ™•์žฅ๋œ ๊ธฐ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ - ๋‹ด๋‹ค โ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ5 2. ์žฌ๋ฃŒ์™€ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ - ๊ธˆ์†๊ณผ ๊ธฐ(ๅ™จ) โ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ7 III. ๊ฒน์ณ์„œ ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ โ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ10 1. ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ โ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ10 (1) ๊ธˆ์†์˜ ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ์™€ ๊ฑฐ์šธ โ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ10 (2) ๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ํ™•์žฅ โ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ12 (3) ์ˆ˜์šฉ-์†Œํ†ต โ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ14 2. ๊ฒน์ณ์„œ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๊ธฐ โ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ15 (1) ๊ฒน์น˜๋‹ค์™€ ์ค‘์ฒฉ โ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ15 (2) ๋Šฅ๋™์  ์‹œ์ง€๊ฐ๊ณผ ์ค‘์ฒฉ๊ธฐ๋ฒ• โ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ16 (3) ์ค‘์ฒฉ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์˜ ์œ ํ˜•๊ณผ ๋ฏธ์  ํŠน์„ฑ โ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ19 3. ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๊ฒน์น˜๊ธฐ โ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ22 (1) ๋น„์น˜๋Š” ๋ฉด(๊ฑฐ์šธ๋ฉด)๊ณผ ๋น„์ณ์ง€๋Š” ๋ฉด(๋Œ€์ƒ๋ฉด) - ๊ธˆ์†๊ณผ ๋ฒ•๋ž‘ โ€ฆโ€ฆ22 (2) ๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ํ™•์žฅ๊ณผ ์ˆ˜์šฉ-์†Œํ†ต โ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ23 IV. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž‘ํ’ˆ ์„ค๋ช… โ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ25 1. ๊ธฐ๋ฌผ ์™ธ๋ถ€์˜ ๋ฉด์ด ๋‚ด๋ถ€์˜ ๋ฉด์— ๋น„์ณ์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ โ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ27 2. ๊ธฐ๋ฌผ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์˜ ๋ฉด์ด ์™ธ๋ถ€์˜ ๋ฉด์— ๋น„์ณ์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ โ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ35 3. ๋ณตํ•ฉ์ ์ธ ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ โ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ53 V. ๊ฒฐ๋ก  โ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ56 *๋ถ€๋ก ๋™๊ธฐ(้Š…ๅ™จ)์— ๋ฒ•๋ž‘์ฝ”ํŒ… ํ•˜๊ธฐ -๊ณต๋ฐฉ์—์„œ์˜ ํ™œ์šฉ์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ โ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ58Maste

    HCC cell line์—์„œ human liver carboxylesterase 1์˜ N-glycosylation์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ

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    Dept. of Integrated OMICS for Biomedical Science/์„์‚ฌHuman liver carboxylesterase 1 (hCE1) plays a central role in the xenobiotic drug metabolism and related to lipid metabolism such as triglyceride hydrolysis for normal homeostasis in liver. Glycosylation, including N- and O-linked glycan, is the most complicated post-translational modification in the biosynthesis process of proteins. The particular type of N-glycosylation is closely associated with the biological functions, such as cell growth, differentiation, tumor growth and cancer metastasis. Although N-glycan (N79) of hCE1 is known to be related with their enzyme activity in vitro, its cellular function in liver cancer remains elusive. Given that hCE1 has been identified as a novel biomarker for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). I wanted to investigate cellular function for N-glycan of hCE1 in HCC. To this end, I generated hCE1 N79Q-glycan mutant stable cell line by transfecting pCMV-CES1 vector into low hCE1-expressed Hep3B origin cell line. These cells were subjected to in 2-D DIGE and LC-MS/MS for comparative proteomic analysis. From the 2-D DIGE maps, I found 71 differentially expressed protein spots (Studentโ€™s t-Test; p<0.05) among which tumor suppressor or tumor promoter was included. Interestingly, the cell growth rate in hCE1-overexpressed cells were quite lower than that of Hep3B control cells, whereas that of N79Q-glycan mutant cells were much faster than hCE1-overexpressed cells, similar to that of control cells. The lipid accumulation and hCE1 secretion assays showed that de-glycosylation of hCE1 may be not related to these phenotype changes. Taken together, these results indicate that N-glycosylation of hCE1 may play an important role in anti-oncogenic role of hCE1 in liver cancer cell line. Human liver carboxylesterase 1(hCE1)์€ ์ƒ์ฒด ์•ฝ๋ฌผ๋Œ€์‚ฌ์—์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๊ฐ„์—์„œ์˜ ํ•ญ์ƒ์„ฑ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ํŠธ๋ฆฌ๊ธ€๋ฆฌ์„ธ๋ผ์ด๋“œ ๊ฐ€์ˆ˜๋ถ„ํ•ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ง€์งˆ๋Œ€์‚ฌ์—๋„ ์—ฐ๊ด€๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. N-, O-linked glycan์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋Š” glycosylation์€ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์˜ ์ƒํ•ฉ์„ฑ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ ํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ˜•(post-translational modification) ๋‹จ๊ณ„์ด๋‹ค. N-glycosylation์˜ ํŠน์ • ์œ ํ˜•์€ ์„ธํฌ์˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ, ๋ถ„ํ™”๊ณผ์ •, ์ข…์–‘ ์ƒ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ „์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๋“ค์— ๋ฐ€์ ‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์—ฐ๊ด€๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. hCE1์˜ N-glycan(N79)์€ ์ƒ์ฒด ์™ธ์—์„œ์˜ ๊ทธ ํšจ์†Œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ์—ฐ๊ด€์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ฐ„์•”์—์„œ์˜ ์„ธํฌ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ •์˜๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ƒํƒœ๋‹ค. hCE1์ด ๊ฐ„์•”์˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฐ”์ด์˜ค๋งˆ์ปค๋กœ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ, ๊ฐ„์•”์—์„œ hCE1์˜ N-glycan์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ธํฌ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์  ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ด๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ, ๊ธฐ์กด์— ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•œ hCE1์ด ๋‚ฎ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœํ˜„๋˜๋Š” Hep3B origin ์„ธํฌ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ hCE1-๊ณผ๋ฐœํ˜„ ์‹œํ‚จ ์„ธํฌ๋ฅผ ํ˜•์งˆ์ฃผ์ž…ํ•˜์—ฌ N79Q-glycan ๋Œ์—ฐ๋ณ€์ด ์„ธํฌ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด ์„ธํฌ์ฃผ๋“ค๋กœ ํ”„๋กœํ…Œ์˜ค๋ฏน์Šค ๋น„๊ต ๋ถ„์„์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ˜•๊ด‘ 2์ฐจ์ „๊ธฐ์˜๋™๋ฒ•(2-D DIGE)๊ณผ LC-MS/MS ์‹คํ—˜์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ˜•๊ด‘ ์ „๊ธฐ์˜๋™ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ, 71๊ฐœ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœํ˜„๋˜๋Š” ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ ์ŠคํŒŸ๋“ค์„ ์ฐพ์•˜๊ณ , ํ™•์ธ๋œ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ๋“ค์€ ์ข…์–‘์–ต์ œ์ž ๋˜๋Š” ์ข…์–‘์œ ๋ฐœ์ž๋กœ์„œ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กญ๊ฒŒ๋„, hCE1-๊ณผ๋ฐœํ˜„ ์„ธํฌ์—์„œ์˜ ์„ธํฌ ์„ฑ์žฅ ์†๋„๋Š” Hep3B ๋Œ€์กฐ ์„ธํฌ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋Š๋ฆฐ ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, N79Q-glycan ๋Œ์—ฐ๋ณ€์ด ์„ธํฌ๋Š” hCE1-๊ณผ๋ฐœํ˜„ ์„ธํฌ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋น ๋ฅด๊ณ , ๋Œ€์กฐ ์„ธํฌ์™€ ๋น„์Šทํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, hCE1์˜ ์ง€์งˆ ์ถ•์ ๊ณผ ๋ถ„๋น„์ž‘์šฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹คํ—˜์œผ๋กœ hCE1์˜ de-glycosylation์ด ๋‘ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ˜•์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ด€๋ จ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์Œ์„ ์œ ์ถ”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์ ์œผ๋กœ, hCE1์˜ N-glycosylation์€ HCC ์„ธํฌ์ฃผ๋“ค๊ฐ„์—์„œ hCE1์˜ ์ข…์–‘ํ˜•์„ฑ์„ ์–ต์ œํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋œ๋‹ค.ope

    Analysis of professional stress : Comparision between general practitioners and resident doctors

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    ์˜ํ•™๊ณผ/์„์‚ฌ[ํ•œ๊ธ€] ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์€ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋„๋ฆฌ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด๋‚˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ์—์„œ๋Š” ์˜์‚ฌ ์˜ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€์กฑํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๊ฐœ์›์˜์™€ ์ „๊ณต์˜์˜ ๋น„๊ต๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์–‘์ง‘๋‹จ๊ฐ„ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ๊ณผ ์ •๋„, ๋Œ€์ฒ˜๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ๊ณผ ์ด์šฉ๋นˆ๋„๋ฅผ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ณ  ์ฐจ์ด์ ์„ ๊ทœ๋ช…ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ด ๋“ค๊ณผ ์šฐ์šธ ์ •๋„์™€์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์–‘ ์ง‘๋‹จ๊ฐ„์— ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์„ ์•Œ์•„ ๋ณด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์„œ์šธ์‹œ๋‚ด ๊ฐ€์ •์˜ํ•™๋ณด์ˆ˜๊ต์œก ์ฐธ์„๊ฐœ์›์˜ 114๋ช…๊ณผ ์„ธ๋ธŒ๋ž€์Šค๋ณ‘์› ๊ฐ€์ •์˜ํ•™๊ณผ ์ „๊ณต์˜ 48๋ช…์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์„ค๋ฌธ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‘๋‹ตํ•œ ๊ฐœ์›์˜ 67๋ช…๊ณผ ์ „๊ณต์˜ 30๋ช…์˜ ์„ค๋ฌธ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™ ์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์–ป์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ๊ฐœ์›์˜๋ณด๋‹ค ์ „๊ณต์˜๊ฐ€ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค. ๊ฐœ์›์˜๋Š” ๋ฒ•์˜ํ•™์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์ œ, ์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ์•• ๋ฐ•, ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ ์ธ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ์š” ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค์ด๊ณ  ์ „๊ณต์˜๋Š” ๋ฒ•์˜ํ•™์  ๋ฌธ์ œ, ์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ์••๋ฐ•, ๋‚ด์ธ์  ์˜ ๋ฃŒ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ์š” ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ๊ฐœ์›์˜๋Š” ์ „๊ณต์˜๋ณด๋‹ค ๋Œ€์ฒ˜๋ฐฉ์•ˆ ์ด์šฉ๋นˆ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์•˜๊ณ  ์–‘์ž๊ฐ€ ์ž๊ธฐํ•ฉ๋ฆฌํ™”์™€ ์ ์‘, ์‚ฌ ํšŒ์  ์ง€์ง€๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ฒ˜๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์ด ์ด์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค ์ •๋„์™€ ์šฐ์šธ์ •๋„๋Š” ์–‘์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ  ๊ฐœ์›์˜๋Š” ๋ถ€์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์—…๋ฌด๋Ÿ‰, ์ž๊ธฐํ™•์‹ ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ, ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜์‚ฌ๋‚˜ ์˜๋ฃŒ์ธ๊ณผ๊ด€๊ณ„, ๋ฒ•์˜ํ•™์  ๋ฌธ์ œ, ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค์ • ๋„๊ฐ€ ์šฐ์šธ์ •๋„์™€ ์–‘์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ , ์ „๊ณต์˜๋Š” ๋‚ด์ธ์  ์˜๋ฃŒ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค, ์ž๊ธฐํ™•์‹ ์˜ ๋ฌธ ์ œ, ์‚ฌํšŒํ™œ๋™์˜ ๊ฒฉ๋ฆฌ, ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜์‚ฌ๋‚˜ ์˜๋ฃŒ์ธ๊ณผ ๊ด€๊ณ„, ์ˆ˜๋ จ๊ณผ ๊ต์œก์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค ์ •๋„ ๊ฐ€ ์šฐ์šธ์ •๋„์™€ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์–‘์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋„ท์งธ, ๋Œ€์ฒ˜๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์˜ ์ด์šฉ๋นˆ๋„์™€ ์šฐ์šธ์ •๋„์™€์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„์—์„œ ๊ฐœ์›์˜๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ฐ€์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ์œ ์šฉ, ์ž๊ธฐ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋Œ€์ฒ˜๋ฐฉ์•ˆ ์ด์šฉ๋นˆ๋„์™€ ์šฐ์šธ์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์Œ์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๊ณ , ์ „๊ณต์˜๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ฐ€์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ์œ ์šฉ, ์ž๊ธฐ๊ด€๋ฆฌ, ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์ง€์ง€, ์ž๊ธฐ ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌํ™”์™€ ์ ์‘์˜ ๋Œ€์ฒ˜๋ฐฉ์•ˆ ์ด์šฉ๋นˆ๋„์™€ ์šฐ ์šธ์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์Œ์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์—์„œ ์ „๊ณต์˜๋Š” ๊ฐœ์›์˜๋ณด๋‹ค ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์œผ๋ฉด์„œ๋„ ๋Œ€์ฒ˜๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์˜ ์ด์šฉ๋นˆ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ์œผ๋ฉฐ,์ „๊ณต์˜์™€ ๊ฐœ์›์˜๋Š” ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ๊ณผ ๋Œ€์ฒ˜๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์ด ์ƒ์ดํ•˜๊ณ , ์šฐ์šธ์ •๋„์™€ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„ ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ๊ณผ ๋Œ€์ฒ˜ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ์ด ๊ฐœ์›์˜์™€ ์ „๊ณต์˜๊ฐ€ ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. [์˜๋ฌธ] In this study, the stress of medical profession between 67 doctors in general practice and 30 doctors under training resident who work in medical school hospitals were compared. The results were as folLows ; 1) In comparing the stress between general practitioners and resident doctors, the latter had statistically significantly higher level of stress. The general practitioners had more stress primarily on medicolegal problems, less leisure time and financial problems in order respectively, where as the residents also had more stress primarily in medicolegal problems, secondarily it was less leisure time and finally intrinsic medical stress which had put more stress on them. 2) The general practitioners were more able to cope with the situation statistically significantly, but both the general practitioner and the residents used rationalization and adaptation, social support as their main method of coping. 3) Positive correlation was shown in comparison of the decree of stress and depression among the two groups. The general practitioners had significant positive correlation with respect to overwork, loss of self confidence, relationship with other medical personnels, financial problems. The resident showed significant positive correlation in aspect such as intrinsic medical stress, loss of self confidence, iSolation from social activity, relationship with other medical personnel, and problems concerning training program and education. 4) Negative correlation was seen in comparing the relationship between the frequent use of coping method and the degree of depression. In the case of general practitioners, negative correlation was shown in aspects such as proper use of leisure time, self-care and social support, where as significant negative correlation was shown with respect to the proper use of leisure time, self-care, social support, rationalization and adaptation in the case of the residents. As a result, despite higher level of stress, residents were less able to cope with stress than doctors in general practice. There was difference among the two groups with respect to the contents and methods of coping with stress, and also in the correlation between stress contents and depression with that of method of coping.restrictio
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