31 research outputs found

    ์œ ์—ฐ ์ „์ž ์†Œ์ž๊ฐ€ ์œตํ•ฉ๋œ ๋‹ค๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ฑ ์„ธํฌ ๋ฐฐ์–‘ ๊ธฐํŒ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๊ณผ ์ „๊ธฐ์ƒ๋ฆฌํ•™์  ํ™œ์šฉ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (๋ฐ•์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› ๊ณต๊ณผ๋Œ€ํ•™ ํ™”ํ•™์ƒ๋ฌผ๊ณตํ•™๋ถ€, 2017. 8. ๊น€๋Œ€ํ˜•.Compared to conventional electronic devices, soft electronics offer the proper mechanical properties similar to native tissues and cells. This feature provides not only the promotion of cellular activities during culturing cells in vitro, but also the enhancement of biological interfaces between soft electronics and curvilinear surfaces of target organs in vivo. The high-quality interface enables effective monitoring and stimulation of electrophysiological signals. In this thesis, fabrications of three types of cell-culture-platforms and those applications are introduced. Components of all electronics are fabricated based on soft nanomaterials such as inorganic or carbon nanomaterials, and those electronics are transferred onto a biocompatible polymer substrate. Firstly, soft cell-culture-platform is designed to prepare C2C12 myoblasts sheet for transfer printing and treating the damaged muscle tissue. The platform is instrumented with stretchable nanomembrane sensors for in situ monitoring of cellular physiological characteristics during proliferation and differentiation, and with graphene nanoribbon cell aligners for guiding the unidirectional orientation of plated cells, whose system modulus is matched with target tissues. Furthermore, a high-yield transfer printing mechanism can deliver cell sheets for scaffold-free, localized cell therapy in vivo. Secondly, multifunctional cell-sheet-graphene hybrid is developed as stretchable and transparent medical device, which can be implanted in vivo to form a high-quality biotic/abiotic interface. The hybrid is composed of C2C12 myoblasts sheet on buckled, mesh-patterned graphene electrodes. The graphene electrodes monitor and stimulate the C2C12 myoblasts in vitro, serving as a smart cell culture substrate that controls their aligned proliferation and differentiation. This stretchable and transparent cell-sheet-graphene hybrid can be transplanted onto the target muscle tissue, record electromyographical signals, and stimulate implanted sites electrically and/or optically in vivo without any immune responses. Additional cellular therapeutic effect of the cell-sheet-graphene hybrid is obtained by the integrated C2C12 myobalsts sheet. Finally, electronic-cell-culture-platform is fabricated to provide multifunctionalities by integrating various types of electronics for monitoring and stimulating important metabolic conditions of culturing cells. This platform is based on an array of soft electronics composed of four types of sensors and two types of stimulators, which is transferred onto a biocompatible polymer substrate designed by a 3D printer. The sensors and stimulators can monitor and regulate the behaviors and activities of the cells cultured on the large area surface of the platform. The multi-layer system of the platform enable to monitor and stimulate the activities of numerous cells effectively without sacrificing any culturing cells.Chapter 1. Introduction 1 1.1 Soft electronics for cell culturing in vitro 1 1.2 Biointerfaces of soft electronic devices 6 1.3 Soft electronics for three-dimensional cell culturing 12 1.4 References 16 Chapter 2. Soft and instrumented cell-culture-platform for monitoring and transfer printing of cell sheets 28 2.1 Introduction 28 2.2 Results and Discussion 33 2.3 Conclusion 60 2.4 Experimental 62 2.5 References 70 Chapter 3. Soft cell-sheet-graphene hybrid device for electrophysiological applications of skeletal muscles 78 3.1 Introduction 78 3.2 Results and Discussion 84 3.3 Conclusion 119 3.4 Experimental 120 3.5 References 124 Chapter 4. Electronic-cell-culture-platform for real-time monitoring and stimulation of cellular electrophysiology 136 4.1 Introduction 136 4.2 Results and Discussion 140 4.3 Conclusion 166 4.4 Experimental 167 4.5 References 171 Biblography 178 ๊ตญ๋ฌธ ์ดˆ๋ก (Abstract in Korean) 179Docto

    The effect of botulinum toxin injected into masseter muscle on condyle and masseter muscle of young beagle dogs

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    ์น˜๊ณผ๋Œ€ํ•™/๋ฐ•์‚ฌThis study was based on the previous studies that muscular function can affect craniofacial and mandibular growth during growth period. There had been numerous attempts to regulate mandibular growth by controlling mandiblar function. Botulinum toxin (BoNT) had been studied as a treatment medicine for muscle hypertrophy. The purpose of this study is to analysis the histological effect of BoNT injected into the masseter muscle on the condylar cartilage and the masseter muscle in young beagle dog. Samples were divided into three groups, such as the saline injection, 10U BoNT injection and 20U BoNT injection. BoNT injection was carried-out twice every 4 weeks. After 10 weeks from the first injection, the histological differences in the condylar cartilage and masseter muscle were evaluated. In condylar cartilage the differences of the thickness in P zones were statistically significant between the two groups (group 10U & Control) and group 20U. H zones were significantly different among three groups. Especially in group 20U thinner P zone and H zone were shown. And Histological differences of masseter muscle between experimental groups (group 20U and group 10U) and control group (group Control) were observed. The shape of masseter muscle fibers in group 10U and group 20U was different from that of group Control. And endomysium was seen clearly with the separated cell connections in group 10U and 20U. The area of cross sectioned muscle fiber among three groups showed a significant difference statistically (p<0.05) each other. Each muscle fiber per unit area of group 20U was the smallest. As a result of this, it was confirmed that BoNT injected into the masseter muscle could affect cell differentiation of condylar cartilage, which could ensure that consistent with the results of the previous studies made in lower animals, such as rat. If the further study that BoNT could affect the morphological changes in the mandible is carried out, this study could be a basis for the growth modification treatment of human mandible by using BoNT.ope

    Performance of Stopping Criteria of Turbo Decoding

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    Maste

    ์ˆ˜๋ฉด๋‹ค์›๊ธฐ๋ก๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ง„๋œ ํ์‡„์„ฑ ์ˆ˜๋ฉด๋ฌดํ˜ธํก์ฆ ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์ž„์ƒํŠน์„ฑ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ˜ธํก์žฅ์•  ์ง€์ˆ˜์™€ ์ˆ˜๋ฉด ๊ตฌ์กฐ์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :์˜ํ•™๊ณผ ์ •์‹ ๊ณผํ•™์ „๊ณต,2002.Maste

    Gray matter volume changes of young narcoleptic patients on 3 Tesla brain magnetic resonance image

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(๋ฐ•์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :์˜ํ•™๊ณผ ์ •์‹ ๊ณผํ•™์ „๊ณต,2006.Docto

    ์œ ์ „ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์‚ฌ์ถœ์„ฑํ˜• ์กฐ๊ฑด์˜ ์ตœ์ ํ™”

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :๊ธฐ๊ณ„์„ค๊ณ„ํ•™๊ณผ,1995.Maste

    A study of Tsung Pings Essay on Painting Landscape and his philosophical backgrounds

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๋ฏธํ•™๊ณผ, 2014. 8. ๋ฐ•๋‚™๊ทœ.๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ์ค‘๊ตญ ์œ„์ง„๋‚จ๋ถ์กฐ ์‹œ๊ธฐ์˜ ์‚ฐ์ˆ˜ํ™”๋ก ์ธ ์ข…๋ณ‘(ๅฎ—็‚ณ)์˜ ใ€Œํ™”์‚ฐ์ˆ˜์„œ(็•ตๅฑฑๆฐดๅบ)ใ€์™€ ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ์ƒ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ด๋‹ค. ์ข…๋ณ‘์˜ ์‚ฐ์ˆ˜ํ™”๋ก ์€ ์ดํ›„ ์ค‘๊ตญ ์‚ฐ์ˆ˜ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ •์‹ ์  ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ˆ  ํ˜•์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ž๋ฆฌ ์žก๋Š”๋ฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•ด์™”๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋„๊ฐ€์  ๊ด€์ ๊ณผ ๋ถˆ๊ต์  ๊ด€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ์™”๋‹ค. ๋‘ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ ์€ ์ข…๋ณ‘์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„๊ด€์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ ์—์„œ ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ์ข…๋ณ‘์˜ ์‚ฐ์ˆ˜ํ™”๋ก ์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์„ ๊ทธ์˜ ์‚ฌ์ƒ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ๊ฒฐ๋ถ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋„๊ฐ€์  ๊ด€์ ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ใ€Ž์—ญ๋Œ€๋ช…ํ™”๊ธฐ(๏ฆŒไปฃๅ็•ต่จ˜)ใ€์—์„œ ๋„๊ฐ€์  ๋ฌธํ—Œ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๋œ ๊ฒƒ์— ๊ทผ๊ฑฐํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๋‹น์‹œ์˜ ์‚ฌ์ƒ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์ธ ํ˜„ํ•™์‚ฌ์ƒ์˜ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์—์„œ ํ•ด์„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ์™”๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด ๋ถˆ๊ต์  ๊ด€์ ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ข…๋ณ‘์˜ ใ€Œ๋ช…๋ถˆ๋ก (ๆ˜Žไฝ›่ซ–)ใ€์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ๋ถˆ๊ต์  ์„ธ๊ณ„๊ด€์œผ๋กœ ใ€Œํ™”์‚ฐ์ˆ˜์„œใ€๋ฅผ ํ•ด์„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋…ผ์˜ํ•ด์™”๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋‘ ๊ด€์ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ œ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ๋„๊ฐ€(้“ๅฎถ)์˜ ๋ฒ”์ฃผ ์„ค์ • ๋ฌธ์ œ์ด๋ฉฐ, ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ์ข…๋ณ‘์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„๊ด€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ด๋‹ค. ์ „์ž์—์„œ ๋‹น์‹œ์˜ ์ฃผ๋ฅ˜ ์‚ฌ์ƒ์ธ ํ˜„ํ•™์‚ฌ์ƒ๊ณผ ๋…ธ์žฅ์‚ฌ์ƒ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ณผ ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ›„์ž์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„๊ด€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด๊ฐ€ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง„๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ˜„ํ•™์‚ฌ์ƒ์€ ์‹ค์ฒด๋ก ์  ์„ธ๊ณ„๊ด€์„ ํ† ๋Œ€๋กœ ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ข…๋ณ‘์ด ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๋…ธ์žฅ์‚ฌ์ƒ์€ ๋น„์‹ค์ฒด๋ก ์  ์„ธ๊ณ„๊ด€์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณธ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ใ€Œ๋ช…๋ถˆ๋ก ใ€์—์„œ ๋…ธ์žฅ์˜ ๋ฌธํ—Œ๋“ค์ด ๋ถˆ๊ต์‚ฌ์ƒ์„ ์˜นํ˜ธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ ์—์„œ ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ๋„๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์ƒ๊ณผ ๋ถˆ๊ต์‚ฌ์ƒ์„ ๊ตฌ๋ณ„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜ ์‹ค์ฒด๋ก ์  ์‚ฌ์œ ์™€ ๋น„์‹ค์ฒด๋ก ์  ์‚ฌ์œ ๋กœ ๋Œ€๋ณ„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ด€์ ์ด ์ข…๋ณ‘์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„๊ด€์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ณธ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋„๊ฐ€์  ๊ด€์ ๊ณผ ๋ถˆ๊ต์  ๊ด€์ ์ด ์ƒ์ถฉ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ, ๊ทธ์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„๊ด€์„ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๊ด€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ข…๋ณ‘์˜ ์‚ฐ์ˆ˜ํ™”๋ก ์—์„œ ์ฃผ์š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์ง„๋ฆฌ๊ด€(้“), ์„ฑ์ธ๊ด€(่–ไบบ), ์‚ฐ์ˆ˜๊ด€(ๅฑฑๆฐด)์œผ๋กœ ์ •๋ฆฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ๊ทธ์˜ ์ง„๋ฆฌ๊ด€์€ ๋ฌดํ•œํ•œ ์‹ค์ƒ์„ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ธฐยท๊ณต๊ด€(็ทฃ่ตทยท็ฉบ่ง€)์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์กด์žฌ์™€ ํ˜„์ƒ์€ ์—ฐ๊ธฐ์  ๊ด€๊ณ„๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ ์‹ค์ฒด์„ฑ์ด ์—†๋‹ค[็ฉบ]๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ด€์ ์€ ์กด์žฌ์™€ ํ˜„์ƒ์ด ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋ชจ๋“  ์กด์žฌ์™€ ํ˜„์ƒ์ด ์—ฐ๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒํ˜ธ์˜์กด์ ์ด๋ฉฐ ๋™์‹œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์กด์žฌํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์ด ๊ตฌ๋ถ„๋˜๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋ณ„์ž๋กœ์„œ์˜ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ๋กœ ์„ค๋ช…๋œ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ๊ทธ์˜ ์„ฑ์ธ๊ด€์€ ๋‹น์‹œ์˜ ๋ถˆ๊ต ์ˆ˜์šฉ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ํ˜„ํ•™์  ์„ฑ์ธ ๊ฐœ๋…์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›์€ ๋ถˆ๊ต์˜ ๋ถ€์ฒ˜ ๊ฐœ๋…์œผ๋กœ ์„ค๋ช…๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ์˜ ๊ด€์ ์€ ๋‹น์‹œ์˜ ์œ ๊ฐ€์ , ๋„๊ฐ€์ , ๋ถˆ๊ต์  ๊ฐœ๋…์ด ํ˜ผ์žฌ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ๋ช…ํ™•ํžˆ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ถ๊ทน์  ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ๋™์ผํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์—์„œ ๊ทธ ๊ฐœ๋…๋“ค์„ ํ†ตํ•ฉํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ๊ทธ์˜ ์‚ฐ์ˆ˜๊ด€์€ ์ง„๋ฆฌ๊ด€๊ณผ ๊ฒฐ๋ถ€๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ์‚ฐ์ˆ˜๋Š” ๋„๊ฐ€ ํ˜„ํ˜„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ, ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์กด์žฌ์™€ ํ˜„์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์—†์ด ๋ฌดํ•œํ•œ ์‹ค์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” ์‚ฐ์ˆ˜์™€ ์‹ (็ฅž)์„ ๊ฒฐ๋ถ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ์‹ ์€ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜๋ฏธ๋กœ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ์ง„๋ฆฌ ๊ทธ ์ž์ฒด๋กœ์„œ ๋ฒ•์‹ (ๆณ•่บซ)์ด๋ฉฐ, ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ์œคํšŒ์˜ ์ฃผ์ฒด๋กœ์„œ ์ž์•„์˜ ์ •์‹ ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ƒ์ดํ•œ ์˜๋ฏธ๋Š” ์ค‘๊ด€์‚ฌ์ƒ(ไธญ่ง€ๆ€ๆƒณ)์—์„œ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์ œ(ไบŒ่ซฆ)๋กœ ๋ณผ ๋•Œ, ์ƒํ˜ธ ๋ชจ์ˆœ๋˜๋Š” ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ์ƒ์ฆ‰(็›ธๅฝ)๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ†ตํ•ฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ณผ ๋•Œ ๊ทธ์˜ ์ฐฝ์‹ (ๆšข็ฅž) ๊ฐœ๋…์ด ์ดํ•ด๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ์ •์‹ ์ด ๋ฌด๊ฒฝ๊ณ„์˜ ์šฐ์ฃผ์  ๋ฒ•์‹ ๊ณผ ํ•ฉ์ผ๋˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ์‚ฐ์ˆ˜ํ™”๋Š” ์ฃผ์ฒด์™€ ๊ฐ์ฒด์˜ ๋ถ„๋ณ„์ด ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ ธ์„œ ์ž์•„์™€ ์‚ฐ์ˆ˜์˜ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์—†์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ด€์กฐ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ช…์ƒ์˜ ๊ณผ์ •์œผ๋กœ ์„ค๋ช…๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋น„์‹ค์ฒด๋ก ์  ์‚ฌ์œ ๋กœ์„œ ๋…ธ์žฅ์‚ฌ์ƒ์˜ ๋ฌผ์•„์ผ์ฒด(็‰ฉๆˆ‘ไธ€้ซ”)์™€ ๋ถˆ๊ต์‚ฌ์ƒ์˜ ์ง„์—ฌ๋ถˆ์ด(็œžๅฆ‚๏ฅงไบŒ)์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…๊ณผ ๊ฒฐ๋ถ€๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ๋…ธ๋‹˜[้Š]์€ ๋ฌผ์•„์ผ์ฒด ๋˜๋Š” ์ง„์—ฌ๋ถˆ์ด์˜ ์ƒํƒœ๋กœ ๋ฌดํ•œํ•œ ์‹ค์ƒ๊ณผ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ๋˜์–ด ๋ฌดํ•œํ•œ ์ž์œ ์— ๋จธ๋ฌด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ๋ณด๋ฉด ์‚ฐ์ˆ˜ํ™”๋Š” ๋„์™€ ์‚ฐ์ˆ˜, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ™”๊ฐ€์™€ ๊ฐ์ƒ์ž๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ์‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์†Œํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ๋˜๋Š”[็ˆฒไธ€] ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ ์—์„œ ๊ทธ์˜ ์‚ฐ์ˆ˜ํ™”๋ก ์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ ์ธ ๋Œ€์ƒ์˜ ๋ชจ๋ฐฉ์ด๋‚˜ ์žฌํ˜„๋ณด๋‹ค ์ •์‹ ์  ๊ฐ€์น˜๋กœ์„œ์˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ์˜ ์ธ์‹๊ณผ ๊ฐ์‘์„ ๋”์šฑ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์—ฌ๊ธด๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ดํ›„์˜ ์‚ฐ์ˆ˜ํ™” ์ด๋ก ์—์„œ ์ •์‹ ์  ๊ฐ€์น˜๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์ง„๋ฆฌ์  ์ถ”๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๊ทผ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณ„๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ฃผ์š”์–ด : ์ข…๋ณ‘(ๅฎ—็‚ณ), ๋„(้“), ์„ฑ์ธ(่–ไบบ), ์‚ฐ์ˆ˜(ๅฑฑๆฐด), ์‹ (็ฅž), ์œ (้Š)This study is regarding Tsung Pings Essay on Painting Landscape(the Hua shan-shui hsรผ, ็•ตๅฑฑๆฐดๅบ, Introduction to Painting Landscape) and his philosophical backgrounds during Six Dynasties in China. The preceding studies are categorized according to the philosophical views, which are the ideologies of Taoism and Buddhism. The important point of two views is how we understand Tsung Pings view of the world. In this point, this study aims to review his Essay on Painting Landscape which is associated with his philosophical backgrounds. The view of Taoism is based on the classification of a Taoist text from the Li-tai ming-hua chi(๏ฆŒไปฃๅ็•ต่จ˜, Records of Famous Painters in History) and the context of neo-Taoism(็Ž„ๅญธ) which was philosophical background of those days. Whereas the view of Buddhism is based on the interpretation of Ming fo lun(ๆ˜Žไฝ›่ซ–, Discourses Illuminating the Buddha) which advocates a Buddhist position. In matters of two views, this study raises two questions. One is the problem of placing under the category of Taoism, and the other is that of Tsung Pings view of the world. The former is regarding philosophical Taoism, neo-Taoism, and religious Taoism, that influences the understanding of his view of the world. That is associated with philosophical Taoism and Chinese Mahayana Buddhism, which are non-substantialism. This study suggests Tsung Pings understanding of Taoism is based on non-substantialism, because his texts advocate a Buddhist theory which contain many of Taoist texts. In this point, this study suggests the distinction substantialism between non-substantialism is useful to understand Tsung Pings view of the world. In Tsung Pings theory of landscape main points are the truth(้“, Tao), the sages(่–ไบบ) and the landscape(ๅฑฑๆฐด). First, his view of the truth is Buddhistic theory of causality and void which is realized by infinite existence. According to his thought, all beings and phenomena consist of the relation of causality and those substantiality is void. This point of view is not to mean nothing of all beings and phenomena but to mean no boundary of all beings and phenomena. Second, his view of the sages is explained by the concept of Buddha in the adoption process of Chinese Buddhism which is influenced with the concept of neo-Taoist sages. His view is mixed by Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism, and he did not distinct each idea but integrate one concept that is same in the end. Third, his view of the landscape is related to his view of the truth. According to his theory, the landscape is manifested by the truth(Tao) and all beings and phenomena exist in the infinite existence. He explains that the landscape is related to the mind(็ฅž) which has two meanings. One is Dharmakฤya(ๆณ•่บซ) as the truth itself, and the other is the mind of self as the main agent of samsara(๏ง—ๅปป, the eternal cycle of birth). These meanings are unified by Madhyamaka thought(ไธญ่ง€ๆ€ๆƒณ). If this point of view were accepted, the concept of expanding the spirit(ๆšข็ฅž) should be understood. That is the progress that the mind of self is unified with cosmetic Dharmakฤya of no boundary. In this point of view, the landscape is explained by contemplation or meditation which banishes the boundary of the mind and the landscape by disappearing the distinct of subject and object. This is related with object and human oneness(็‰ฉๆˆ‘ไธ€้ซ”) of Taoism and Suchness(tathฤta, zhen-ru, ็œžๅฆ‚) and non-division(๏ฅงไบŒ) of Buddhism. The roaming(้Š) is remaining free infinitely. According to this point, the landscape is the method that the truth and the landscape, the painter and the appreciator are inducing and communicating each other for unification. So his theory aims to pursue not the imitation or representation but the truth, and since then that influences the landscape theory for the pursuit of the truth as a spiritual value. Keywords : Tsung Ping(ๅฎ—็‚ณ), Tao(้“), Sage(่–ไบบ), Landscape(ๅฑฑๆฐด), Mind(็ฅž), Roaming(้Š)๊ตญ๋ฌธ์ดˆ๋ก i I. ์„œ๋ก  1 II. ์ข…๋ณ‘์˜ ใ€Œํ™”์‚ฐ์ˆ˜์„œใ€ ๋ถ„์„ 13 1. ใ€Œํ™”์‚ฐ์ˆ˜์„œใ€์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ ๋ถ„์„ 13 2. ใ€Œํ™”์‚ฐ์ˆ˜์„œใ€์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ๋ฌธ์ œ ๋„์ถœ 29 (1) ์‚ฐ์ˆ˜ํ™”์˜ ๋™๊ธฐ์™€ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์š”์†Œ์˜ ๋Œ€์‘๊ด€๊ณ„ 29 (2) ์‚ฐ์ˆ˜์™€ ์‚ฐ์ˆ˜ํ™” 31 (3) ์‹ (็ฅž)์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ : ๋ฒ•์‹ (ๆณ•่บซ)๊ณผ ์ •์‹(ๆƒ…่ญ˜) 35 (4) ์œ (้Š)์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ : ์†Œ์š”์œ (้€้™้Š)์™€ ์—ด๋ฐ˜(ๆถ…ๆงƒ) 44 (5) ์‚ฐ์ˆ˜ํ™”์˜ ์ œ์ž‘๊ณผ ๊ฐ์ƒ 47 (6) ์‚ฐ์ˆ˜ํ™”์˜ ๋ชฉ์  49 III. ์ข…๋ณ‘์˜ ์‚ฐ์ˆ˜ํ™”๋ก ์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ๋ฌธ์ œ์™€ ์‚ฌ์ƒ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 52 1. ์ข…๋ณ‘์˜ ์‚ฌ์ƒ์  ๊ด€์  ๊ฒ€ํ†  53 2. ํ˜„ํ•™์‚ฌ์ƒ๊ณผ ์‚ฐ์ˆ˜ํ™”๋ก  59 3. ๋…ธ์žฅ์‚ฌ์ƒ๊ณผ ์‚ฐ์ˆ˜ํ™”๋ก  66 (1) ๋„์™€ ์„ฑ์ธ : ๋ฌด๊ฒฝ๊ณ„์  ์„ธ๊ณ„๊ด€ 67 (2) ๋ฌผ์•„์ผ์ฒด์™€ ์†Œ์š”์œ  73 4. ๋ถˆ๊ต์‚ฌ์ƒ๊ณผ ์‚ฐ์ˆ˜ํ™”๋ก  82 (1) ๋ฐ˜์•ผ์‚ฌ์ƒ : ์‹ค์ƒ์˜ ์ธ์‹๊ณผ ์†Œ์š”์œ  83 (2) ์ค‘๊ด€์‚ฌ์ƒ : ใ€Œ๋ช…๋ถˆ๋ก ใ€์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์™€ ์‹ ์˜ ํ•ด์„ 93 5. ์ข…๋ณ‘์˜ ์‚ฌ์ƒ์  ๊ด€์ ๊ณผ ์‚ฐ์ˆ˜ํ™”์˜ ๋ชฉ์  101 IV. ๊ฒฐ๋ก  103 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 108 ์˜๋ฌธ์ดˆ๋ก 113Maste

    Lateral cephalometric characteristics of malocclusion patients with temporomadibular joint disorder symptom

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    ์น˜์˜ํ•™๊ณผ/์„์‚ฌ[ํ•œ๊ธ€] ์ธก๋‘ํ•˜์•…๊ด€์ ˆ์žฅ์• ์™€ ํ•˜์•ˆ๋ฉด ๊ตฌ์กฐ์˜ ๋ถ€์กฐํ™”์™€์˜ ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋งŽ์€ ๋…ผ๋ž€์ด ์žˆ์–ด ์™”์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ธก๋‘ํ•˜์•…๊ด€์ ˆ์žฅ์• ์— ์˜ํ•ด์„œ ์•ˆ๋ฉด์˜ ๋ถ€์กฐํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ดˆ๋ž˜๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€, ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋กœ ์•ˆ๋ฉด์˜ ๋ถ€์กฐํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ธก๋‘ํ•˜์•…๊ด€์ ˆ์žฅ์• ๋ฅผ ์ผ์œผํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€๋Š” ์•„์ง ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค. ์ธก๋‘ํ•˜์•…๊ด€์ ˆ์žฅ์•  ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์•ˆ๋ชจ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ์„ ๊ทœ๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋‘๊ฐœ์•ˆ๋ฉด๊ณจ๊ฒฉ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์™€ ์ธก๋‘ํ•˜์•…๊ด€์ ˆ์žฅ์• ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ธก๋ชจ๋‘๋ถ€๊ทœ๊ฒฉ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„ ์‚ฌ์ง„์—์„œ์˜ ๊ณ„์ธก๊ฐ’๋“ค์„ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ธก๋‘ํ•˜์•…๊ด€์ ˆ์žฅ์• ์˜ ์ฆ์ƒ์˜ ์—ฌ๋ถ€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์•ˆ๋ชจ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ์—ฐ์„ธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ์น˜๊ณผ๋Œ€ํ•™๋ณ‘์› ๊ต์ •๊ณผ์— ๋‚ด์›ํ•œ 18์„ธ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๊ต์ •์น˜๋ฃŒ ์ „ ์„ฑ์ธ ๋‚จ๋…€ 111๋ช…์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ, ์ธก๋‘ํ•˜์•…๊ด€์ ˆ์žฅ์• ์˜ ์ฆ์ƒ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ์ด๋“ค์„ ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ(56๋ช…), ์ธก๋‘ํ•˜์•…๊ด€์ ˆ์žฅ์• ์˜ ์ฆ์ƒ์ด ์—†๋Š” ์ด๋“ค์„ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ(55๋ช…)์œผ๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•œ ํ›„, ์ „ํ›„๋ฐฉ์  ๊ณจ๊ฒฉ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ANB ์ฐจ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ Class I (ํ‰๊ท  : 2.89หš)?Class II (ํ‰๊ท  : 6.32หš)?Class III (ํ‰๊ท  : -2.02หš)์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‘๊ฐœ์•ˆ๋ฉด๊ตฌ์กฐ์˜ ๊ณ„์ธกํ•ญ๋ชฉ๋“ค ๊ฐ„์˜ ์œ ์˜์„ฑ์„ ๊ฒ€์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์–ป์—ˆ๋‹ค. 1.Class I, Class II, Class III์˜ ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ์€ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ์— ๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์งง์€ ํ•˜์•…์ง€ ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ๋‹ค(Class I (p<0.001), Class II (p< 0.01), Class III (p<0.01) ). 2.Class I์—์„œ Mandible plane to SN (p<0.01), Gonial angle (p< 0.01), Class II ์—์„œ๋Š” Gonial angle (p<0.05)์ด ์œ ์˜์„ฑ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ƒ์•… ์ „์น˜๊ฐ€ ๋”์šฑ ์„ค์ธก ๊ฒฝ์‚ฌ๋œ ์–‘์ƒ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค(Class I - U1 to SN (p< 0.01), Class II - U1 to SN (p< 0.01)). 3.Class II (p<0.01), Class III (p<0.01)์˜ ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ์€ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ์— ๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ Effective mandibular length๊ฐ€ ์งง์•˜์œผ๋‚˜, Class I์—์„œ๋Š” ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. 4.Class III์—์„œ๋Š” Anterior cranial base Mandibular length๊ฐ€ ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ์—์„œ ์œ ์˜์„ฑ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ(p<0.01) ํฐ ๊ฐ’์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, Occlusal plane์ด ๋”์šฑ ๊ธ‰ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค(Occlusal plane to SN(p<0.01), Occlusal plane to Mandibular plane(p<0.01)). ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ, ์ธก๋‘ํ•˜์•…๊ด€์ ˆ์žฅ์• ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ์€ ๊ฐ ๊ตฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ hyperdiver-gentํ•œ ์•ˆ๋ชจ์™€ ์„ค์ธก ๊ฒฝ์‚ฌ๋œ ์ƒ์•… ์ „์น˜, Occlusal plane์˜ ๊ธ‰ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ํŠน์ง•์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ์ธก๋‘ํ•˜์•…๊ด€์ ˆ์žฅ์• ๋Š” ํ•˜์•ˆ๋ฉด์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ณผ ๊นŠ์€ ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ, ์ธก๋‘ํ•˜์•…๊ด€์ ˆ์žฅ์• ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ํ™˜์ž์˜ ๊ต์ • ์น˜๋ฃŒ ์‹œ ํ™˜์ž์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์ž„์ƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ, ์น˜๋ฃŒ ๊ณ„ํš ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝ๊ณผ ์น˜๋ฃŒ ์ค‘์— ์ฐธ๊ณ ํ•˜์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. [์˜๋ฌธ]There have been many controversies about the relationship between the temporomandibular joint disorder and the lower face skeletal structures. It is not certain whether the disharmony of facial skeletal structure is caused by temporomandibular joint disorder or temporo- mandibular joint disorder is caused by the disharmony of facial skeletal structure. Understanding the face profile of the patients with temporo- mandibular joint disorder symptoms is important in finding the relationship between the temporomandibular joint disorder and the craniofacial structures. The purpose of this study is to show the relationship between the cranio-facial skeletal structure and the temporomandibular joint disorder by es-tablishing measurements of lateral cephalogram and examining the charact-eristics of the facial profile of patients with temporomandibular joint disorder. Out of 111 male and female patients over 18 years old from the Department of Orthodontics, Dental Hospital, Yonsei University, patients showing symptoms of temporomandibular joint disorder were cho-sen as the experimental group (56 patients), and patients without temporomandibular joint disorder were chosen as the control group (55 patients). Lateral cephalogram was taken and traced to prove the significant difference in craniofacial measurements between the experim ental group and the control group of Class I (mean : 2.89หš), Class II (mean : 6.32หš), Class III (mean : -2.02หš) patients which were grouped according to ANB difference. The following is the result of this study. 1.The length of the mandible (Co-Me) and the mandibular ramus (Ar-Go) of male and female patients of all the Classes showing symptoms of temporomandibular joint disorder, were shorter compared to those of the control group. This difference was statistically significant (Class I (p<0.001), Class II (p< 0.01), and Class III (p< 0.01)). 2.In Class I, Mandible plane to SN (p<0.01) and Gonial angle (p<0.01) were significantly different. In Class II, Gonial angle (p<0.05)) was different. And in both classes, the maxillary incisors were tilted more lingually.(Class I - U1 to SN (p<0.01), Class II - U1 to SN (p< 0.01)). 3.Experimental groups of Class II (p<0.01) and Class III (p<0.01) showed shorter effective mandibular length compared to the control groups. However, patients grouped as Class I did not show significant difference. 4.The Anterior cranial base Mandibular length of the Class III experimental group was larger than that of the control group. And Class III experimental group showed steeper inclination of the occ-lusal plane compared to the Class III control group (Occlusal plane to SN plane (p<0.01), Occlusal plane to Mandibular plane (p<0.01)). From the above results, it can be summarized that each experimental group with temporomandibular joint disorder had one or more of the following characteristics: hyperdivergent facial profile, more lingually tilted maxillary incisors, and steeper occlusal plane. There was signifi-cant correlation between the structure of the lower face and the temporo-mandibular disorder. Therefore, when we start orthodontic treatment in patients with temporomandibular joint disorder, the these characteristi-cs should be considered in the clinical aspect. We should also be care-ful in planning orthodontic treatment and during orthodontic treatment.ope

    ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฐ„์ ‘์ž๋ณธ์Šคํ†ก ์ถ”๊ณ„ ๋ฐ ํ™œ์šฉ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ(Social overhead capital stock estimation model development and utilization strategies)

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    ๋…ธํŠธ : ๋ณธ ์ถœํŒ๋ฌผ์€ ์ˆœ์ˆ˜ํ•œ ๋ณธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์›์˜ ์ž์ฒด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฌผ๋กœ์„œ ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ์ •์ฑ…์ด๋‚˜ ๊ฒฌํ•ด์™€๋Š” ์ƒ๊ด€์—†์Œ์„ ๋ฐํ˜€๋‘๋Š” ๋ฐ”์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
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