157 research outputs found

    A Study on Poetic Narratives and Popularity in Man-in-bo

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    κ³ μ€μ˜ γ€Žλ§ŒμΈλ³΄γ€λŠ” κ°œλ³„ μ‹œνŽΈλ“€μ—μ„œλŠ” μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°λ‚˜ μ‚¬κ±΄μ˜ λ‚΄μš©μ„ ν’€μ–΄μ“°λŠ” μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°μ‹œμ˜ ν˜•μ‹μ„ μ·¨ν•˜λ©΄μ„œ λ¦¬μ–Όλ¦¬μ¦˜ μ‹œμ˜ 전톡을 κ³„μŠΉν•˜λŠ” ν•œνŽΈ, μ—°μž‘μ˜ ν˜•μ‹μ„ 톡해 우리 민쑱의 ν˜„λŒ€μ‚¬λ₯Ό 총체적으둜 λ³΅μ›ν•¨μœΌλ‘œμ¨ μ‹œμ  μ„œμ‚¬μ˜ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ ν˜•μ‹μ„ 보여주고 μžˆλ‹€. 이 μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” 고은이 λŒ€κ·œλͺ¨μ˜ 인물 ꡰ상을 μ‹œλΌλŠ” μž₯λ₯΄μ˜ ν‹€ μ•ˆμ—μ„œ κ·Έλ €λ‚΄κ³  μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 데 μ£Όλͺ©ν•˜μ—¬, μ†Œμ„€μ˜ μ„œμ‚¬μ™€λŠ” κ΅¬λΆ„λ˜λŠ” μ„œμ‚¬μ  μ„±μ·¨λ₯Ό 보일 수 μžˆλ„λ‘ ν•œ 문학적 μž₯치λ₯Ό κ³ μ°°ν•΄ λ³΄μ•˜λ‹€. In Ko Un's Man-in-bo, its individual poems inherit the tradition of realistic poems by taking the form of narrative poem that spins out the contents of a story or episode and, at the same time, show a new form of poetic narrative by restoring the contemporary history of Korean people through the sequence form. Paying attention to the tact that Ko Un describes a large group of people in the frame of the 'poetry' genre, the present study examined literary devices to show narrative accomplishments distinguished from narratives in novels

    The Formation Process of The North Korean Calligraphy Letter Style and Its Visual Cultural Characteristics

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    ν•™μœ„λ…Όλ¬Έ (석사)-- μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ λŒ€ν•™μ› : λ―Έμˆ λŒ€ν•™ λ””μžμΈν•™λΆ€(λ””μžμΈμ—­μ‚¬λ¬Έν™”μ „κ³΅), 2018. 8. κΉ€λ―Όμˆ˜.이 μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” λΆν•œμ˜ μ„œμ²΄λ‹΄λ‘ κ³Ό λ””μžμΈμ„ λΆ„μ„ν•˜μ—¬, μΊ˜λ¦¬κ·Έλž˜ν”Ό μ„œμ²΄κ°€ μ§€λ‹ˆλŠ” μ˜λ―Έμ™€ μ‹œκ°λ¬Έν™”μ  νŠΉμ„±μ„ 역사적 λ§₯λ½μ—μ„œ μ½μ–΄λ‚΄λŠ” 데 λͺ©μ μ΄ μžˆλ‹€. 이둜써 μ„œμ²΄ λ””μžμΈμ„ 톡해 λΆν•œμ˜ μ‚¬νšŒμ™€ λ¬Έν™”λ₯Ό μ΄ν•΄ν•˜λŠ” 데 ν•œ 걸음 더 λ‹€κ°€μ„œκ³ μž ν–ˆλ‹€. μ„œμ²΄λŠ” μž‘κ³  μ‚¬μ†Œν•΄ 보일지라도, ν•œ μ‚¬νšŒμ˜ μ‹œκ°λ¬Έν™” 경관을 κ°€λŠ ν•˜λŠ” μ€‘μš”ν•œ λ‹¨μ„œκ°€ λœλ‹€. μ±…, μ‹ λ¬Έκ³Ό 같은 μΆœνŒΒ·μΈμ‡„ 맀체뢀터 μ–Έλ‘ κ³Ό μ˜μƒ 맀체, 거리와 μƒν™œκ³΅κ°„μ— 배치된 κ΅¬ν˜Έμ™€ μΉœν•„ κΈ°λ…λΉ„μ„œμ˜ˆκΉŒμ§€ λΆν•œ 주민듀은 μ‚Άν„° κ³³κ³³μ—μ„œ μ„œμ²΄μ™€ λ§ˆμ£Όν•œλ‹€. κ·ΈλŸ¬λ―€λ‘œ λΆν•œμ˜ μ„œμ²΄λ₯Ό μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄λŠ” 것은 λΆν•œμ˜ 일상 속 μ‹œκ°λ¬Έν™”λ₯Ό μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄λŠ” 것과 κ°™λ‹€. λΆν•œμ˜ μ„œμ²΄λŠ” 김일성을 μ‚¬νšŒμ£Όμ˜μ˜ μ‹œμ‘°λ‘œ, ν•­μΌν˜λͺ… 전톡을 μ‹œμ›μœΌλ‘œ ν•˜λŠ” λΆν•œ 역사관을 κ·ΈλŒ€λ‘œ λ°˜μ˜ν•΄ μ‚¬νšŒμ£Όμ˜ 체제λ₯Ό μœ μ§€ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•œ μ„ μ „Β·μ„ λ™μ˜ μˆ˜λ‹¨μœΌλ‘œ ν™œμš©λ˜μ–΄ μ™”λ‹€. λΆν•œμ˜ μ„œμ²΄ 전문가듀이 μ„œμˆ ν•œ μ„œμ²΄λ‹΄λ‘ μ— λ”°λ₯΄λ©΄, λΆν•œμ˜ μ£Όμš” μ„œμ²΄μ—λŠ” 백두산 λͺ…필체, 청봉체, 뢉은기체, 평양체, 물결체, ꢁ체, 천리마체, 3.1월간체, μž₯식체 등이 μžˆλ‹€. μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚  λΆν•œμ—μ„œ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ Έ μ‚¬μš©λ˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” μ„œμ²΄λŠ” μ„œμ˜ˆμ„œμ²΄μ™€ ν™œμžμ„œμ²΄λ₯Ό 포함해 μ•½ 700μ—¬ 쒅이 λ„˜λŠ”λ‹€. μ—°κ΅¬μžλŠ” λΆν•œμ˜ μ£Όμš” μ„œμ²΄μ™€ λ”λΆˆμ–΄ μ„œμ²΄μ˜ μ „λ°˜μ μΈ μ§€ν˜•λ„λ₯Ό νŒŒμ•…ν•΄ λΆν•œμ΄ μ„œμ²΄λ₯Ό μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μΈμ‹ν•˜κ³ , ν™œμš©ν–ˆλŠ”μ§€ μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄κ³ μž ν–ˆλ‹€. λΆν•œμ˜ μ„œμ²΄λŠ” 1980λ…„λŒ€λΆ€ν„° μ„œμ˜ˆ 이둠가와 μ„œμ²΄ 전문가듀을 톡해 본격적으둜 λΆ„λ₯˜λ˜μ—ˆκ³  이둠이 μ •λ¦½λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. 1980λ…„λŒ€λΆ€ν„° λΆν•œμ˜ μ„œμ²΄ 이둠이 μ„œμ˜ˆ μ΄λ‘ μ„œλ₯Ό μ€‘μ‹¬μœΌλ‘œ μ •λ¦½λ˜μ—ˆλ˜ 것은 λΆν•œμ˜ μ£Όμš” 핡심 사상인 μ‘°μ„ λ―Όμ‘±μ œμΌμ£Όμ˜κ°€ 반영된 결과둜, μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ λ―Όμ‘±λ¬Έν™”μ˜ˆμˆ λ‘œμ„œ μ„œμ˜ˆκ°€ μ£Όλͺ©λ°›κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄λ‹€. μ„œμ˜ˆμ˜ λΆ€ν₯은 각 λŒ€ν•™μ˜ μ„œμ˜ˆ 전곡 κ°œμ„€, μΈμ‡„Β·μΆœνŒ κ΄€λ ¨ κΈ°κ΄€μ˜ μ„œμ˜ˆμ‹€ κ°œμ„€ λ“±μ˜ μ›€μ§μž„μœΌλ‘œ μ΄μ–΄μ‘Œλ‹€. λΆν•œμ˜ μ„œμ²΄ 이둠가듀은 λΆν•œ μ„œμ²΄μ˜ 이둠을 μ„œμˆ ν•˜λŠ” λ™μ‹œμ— 손을 μ€‘μ‹¬μœΌλ‘œ μ„œμ²΄λ₯Ό λ‚˜λˆ„λŠ” λΆ„λ₯˜ 체계λ₯Ό μ •λ¦½ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. ν•œ λ²ˆμ— μ“°λŠ” μ„œμ²΄λ₯Ό 뢓글씨체(μ„œμ‚¬μ²΄)둜, μ—¬λŸ¬ λ²ˆμ— 걸쳐 κ·Έλ¦¬λŠ” μ„œμ²΄λ₯Ό 그린글씨체(λ„μ•ˆμ²΄)둜 λ‚˜λˆ„μ—ˆμœΌλ©°, μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μ„œμ²΄ λΆ„λ₯˜λŠ” 1988λ…„ 이후 ν™œμžμ„œμ²΄μ™€ λ””μ§€ν„Έμ„œμ²΄(font)λ₯Ό λΆ„λ₯˜ν•˜λŠ” 기쀀에도 κ·ΈλŒ€λ‘œ μ μš©λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. μ„œμ²΄λ‹΄λ‘ μ—μ„œλŠ” μ†μœΌλ‘œ μ“°λŠ” μΊ˜λ¦¬κ·Έλž˜ν”Ό μ„œμ²΄μ˜ μ€‘μš”μ„±μ„ κ³„μ†ν•˜μ—¬ κ°•μ‘°ν•˜μ˜€μœΌλ©°, μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ κ°•μ‘°λŠ” λ²” 체제적으둜 μ„œμ˜ˆ κ°•μŠ΅κ³Ό μ„œμ˜ˆ μ†Œμ‘° ν™œλ™μ„ μž₯λ €ν•˜λŠ” μ •μ±…μœΌλ‘œ μ΄μ–΄μ‘Œλ‹€. ν•„μ²΄μ˜ μ€‘μš”μ„±μ΄ λŒ€μ€‘μ—κ²Œ μΆ©λΆ„νžˆ μ „λ‹¬λœ ν›„, λΆν•œμ—μ„œλŠ” μ§€λ„μžμ˜ 필체λ₯Ό μ§€λ„μžμ™€ λ™μΌμ‹œν•˜μ˜€μœΌλ©°, 이λ₯Ό 기념비화 ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. μ„œμ²΄λ‹΄λ‘ μ—μ„œ νŠΉμˆ˜ν•œ ν•„μ²΄λ‘œ λΆ„λ₯˜λ˜λŠ” 이λ₯Έλ°” 백두산 λͺ…ν•„μ²΄λŠ” κΉ€μΌμ„±μ˜ νƒœμ–‘μ„œμ²΄, κΉ€μ •μΌμ˜ λ°±λ‘μ‚°μ„œμ²΄, κΉ€μ •μˆ™μ˜ ν•΄λ°œμ„œμ²΄λ₯Ό μ˜λ―Έν•œλ‹€. μœ‘ν•„μ„œμ²΄λ₯Ό μ„œμ‚¬μžμ™€ λ™μΌν•˜κ²Œ μΈμ‹ν•˜λŠ” νŠΉμ„±μ€ λ™μ•„μ‹œμ•„λ¬Έν™”κΆŒμ—μ„œ κ³„μŠΉλœ 필체 문화이며, μ΄λŠ” λ‚¨ν•œκ³Ό μ€‘κ΅­μ—μ„œλ„ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚¬λ˜ ν˜„μƒμ΄λ‹€. ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ λΆν•œμ—μ„œλŠ” μœ‘ν•„μ„œμ²΄λ₯Ό μœ μΌμ‚¬μƒμ²΄κ³„μ˜ 정톡성을 κ°•ν™”ν•˜λŠ” λͺ©μ μœΌλ‘œ ν™œμš©ν•˜κ³ , ν•„μ²΄μ˜ 사선적 μ‹œκ°μ„±μ„ μ„ΈμŠ΅ν•˜λ©°, λΆν•œλ§Œμ˜ λ…μžμ μΈ 필체 λ¬Έν™”λ₯Ό ν˜•μ„±ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. μ„œμ²΄λ‹΄λ‘ μ— μ œμ‹œλœ μ£Όμš” μ„œμ²΄λ“€μ€ 혁λͺ…λ―Όμ‘± 전톡을 μ‹œμ›μœΌλ‘œ ν•˜μ—¬ μ„œμˆ λ˜μ—ˆμœΌλ©°, λ‹Ήμ˜ λͺ©μ†Œλ¦¬λ₯Ό μ‹œκ°ν™”ν•˜λŠ” 데 μ ν•©ν•œ ν˜•νƒœλ‘œ ν˜•μƒν™”λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. 청봉체λ₯Ό λΉ„λ‘―ν•œ λΆν•œμ˜ μ£Όμš” μΊ˜λ¦¬κ·Έλž˜ν”Ό μ„œμ²΄λ“€μ€ κ΅¬ν˜Έμ™€ 선전물에 μ‚¬μš©λ˜μ—ˆκ³ , μ‹œκ°κ΅¬μˆ μ μΈ νŠΉμ„±μ„ 톡해 λ‹Ήμ˜ 사상과 이념을 λŒ€μ€‘μ—κ²Œ μ „λ‹¬ν–ˆλ‹€. λΆν•œμ€ λ‹Ήμ˜ λͺ©μ†Œλ¦¬λ₯Ό λŒ€μ€‘μ—κ²Œ μΈμ‹μ‹œν‚€κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ μ„œμ²΄λ₯Ό 반볡적으둜 λ…ΈμΆœν•˜κ³ , 효과적으둜 μ „λ‹¬ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ λ³€ν™”λ₯Ό μ‹œλ„ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. λΆν•œμ˜ μ„œμ²΄λ‹΄λ‘ μ€ 뢄단 이후 30μ—¬ 년이 흐λ₯Έ 1980λ…„λŒ€λΆ€ν„° 본격적으둜 ν˜•μ„±λ˜μ—ˆκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ— λͺ‡ 가지 ν•œκ³„μ μ„ λ‚΄ν¬ν•œλ‹€. μ²«μ§ΈλŠ” μ„œμ²΄λ‹΄λ‘ κ³Ό μ„œμ²΄ λ””μžμΈ 사이에 차이가 λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚¬λ‹€λŠ” μ μ΄μ—ˆμœΌλ©°, λ‘˜μ§ΈλŠ” λ‹€μ–‘ν•˜κ²Œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚œ μ‹€ν—˜μ  μ„œμ²΄λ“€μ΄ μ„œμ²΄λ‹΄λ‘ μ—μ„œ 닀루어지지 μ•Šμ•„ 이둠적 곡백이 λ°œμƒν–ˆλ‹€λŠ” μ μ΄μ—ˆλ‹€. μ—°κ΅¬μžλŠ” λΆν•œ μ„œμ²΄λ‹΄λ‘ μ—μ„œ 닀루어지지 μ•Šμ€ μΊ˜λ¦¬κ·Έλž˜ν”Ό μ„œμ²΄μ˜ λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ μ‹€ν—˜μ  μ‹œλ„λ₯Ό μ„œμ˜ˆ 변체, μž₯식체, μ‚°μ—…λ―Έμˆ  λ„μ•ˆμ²΄ λ“±μœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜λˆ„μ–΄ μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄μ•˜μœΌλ©°, μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ λ³€ν™”μ˜ μ›€μ§μž„μ„ μΊ˜λ¦¬κ·Έλž˜ν”Ό μ„œμ²΄μ˜ 또 λ‹€λ₯Έ νŠΉμ„±μœΌλ‘œ ν•΄μ„ν•˜κ³ μž ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. λΆν•œμ˜ μ„œμ²΄λŠ” 이념과 사상을 ꡬ체적으둜 μž¬ν˜„ν•˜λŠ” λ™μ‹œμ— ν—ˆμš©λ˜λŠ” λ²”μœ„ μ•ˆμ—μ„œ 자유둭게 λ³€μš©λ˜λ©°, λΆν•œμ˜ ν™œμž 문화경관을 μ‘°μ„±ν•˜λŠ” 맀체둜 κΈ°λŠ₯ν•΄ μ™”λ‹€. μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚  λΆν•œμ—μ„œλŠ” 컴퓨터와 디지털 기술이 μ‹œμ°¨ 없이 ν™œμš©λ˜λ©°, μ„œμ²΄κ°€ λ”μš± 닀양해지고 μžˆλ‹€. μ—°κ΅¬μžλŠ” λΆν•œμ˜ μΊ˜λ¦¬κ·Έλž˜ν”Ό μ„œμ²΄λ₯Ό μ—°κ΅¬ν•¨μœΌλ‘œμ¨ λΆν•œ 체제의 μ‹œκ°λ¬Έν™”μ  νŠΉμ„±μ„ 밝히고, 이λ₯Ό 톡해 λΆν•œμ˜ 일상을 κ΅¬μ„±ν•˜λŠ” μ‚¬νšŒμ™€ λ¬Έν™”μ˜ λ³€ν™”λ₯Ό μ½μ–΄λ‚΄λŠ” λ‹¨μ΄ˆλ₯Ό λ§ˆλ ¨ν•˜κ³ μž ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€.This research aims to analyze the North Korean letter style discourse and design in order to explore the significance and visual cultural characteristics of their calligraphy letter style within a historical context. The researcher intended to better understand the social and cultural aspects of North Korea through its typography. Letter style may seem to be an insignificant considerationhowever, it can aid in gaining a better grasp of understanding the visual cultural landscape of a community. Various letter styles can be seen in everyday life in North Korea, such as in books, newspapers, and publications and printed materialspress and various visual mediaand in slogans, quotations of leaders, and handwritten monumental calligraphy marking natural scenery. Therefore, exploring North Korean letter types can be equivalent to exploring the visual culture of North Koreans daily lives. The North Korean letter style reflects historical view of "Juche"(주체), which takes Kim Il-sung as the father of socialism, and its heritage rooted in the anti-Japanese revolution. Letter style has been extensively used as a means of propaganda and instigation in order to maintain the North Koreans socialist regime. According to experts, the key letter styles in the North are: Paektusan myungpil-chae(백두산 λͺ…필체), Chungbong-chae(청봉체), Bulkunki-chae(뢉은기체), Pyongyang-chae(평양체), Mulgyol-chae(물결체), Koong-chae(ꢁ체), Chollima-chae(천리마체), 3.1wolgan-chae(3.1월간체), and Jangsik-chae(μž₯식체). However, more than 700 different styles are in existence and currently in use, including calligraphy and typeface styles. The main letter styles, as well as the overall landscape of the North Korean letter styles, shall be examined in order to figure out how letter style is perceived and used in North Korea. North Korean letter styles have been categorized and theories pertaining to them have been established by experts and calligraphy theorists since the 1980s. Letter theories have been formed within the field of calligraphy in respond to the North Koreas unique nationalism, Joseon minjok jeiljuui(μ‘°μ„ λ―Όμ‘±μ œμΌμ£Όμ˜), and calligraphy started to be recognized as a new national form of ethnic cultural art. The revival of calligraphy led to the creation of calligraphy departments in universities, as well as printing and publishing institutions. North Korean letter style theorists also came up with a categorization system based on how letters are written. Letter types written in one stroke are sorted as Butgulsi-chae(뢓글씨체, paintbrush writing style, or calligraphy style), and those written in multiple strokes are sorted as Gringulsi-chae(그린글씨체, drawn writing style). This system was directly applied to the categorization of typefaces and digital fonts after 1988. The importance of handwritten calligraphy letter types was constantly emphasized, and this led to the regime-wide policy implementation of teaching and promoting calligraphy. After thoroughly conveying the importance of letter styles to the public, North Korea started to memorialize its leaders' handwriting. The practice of equating handwriting with its writer, which can also be widely seen in South Korea and China, is rooted in East Asian culture. However in North Korea, handwritten letter styles are used as a means to strengthen the legitimacy of the Monolithic Ideological System(μœ μΌμ‚¬μƒμ²΄κ³„). In the theoretical discourse of North Koreas letter, the Paektusan myungpil-chae, a special letter style set derived from handwritings of former leaders, includes Kim Il-sungs Taeyang-sochae(νƒœμ–‘μ„œμ²΄), Kim Jong-ils Paektusan-sochae(λ°±λ‘μ‚°μ„œμ²΄), and Kim Jong-suks haebal-sochae(ν•΄λ°œμ„œμ²΄). The diagonal aesthetic features commonly found in two letters, Taeyang-sochae(νƒœμ–‘μ„œμ²΄) and Paektusan-sochae(λ°±λ‘μ‚°μ„œμ²΄), have been passed down, thereby forming a unique letter style culture in North Korea. Letter style discourse describes North Koreas key styles to be rooted in the tradition of revolution, and they are viewed as having been tailored to visualize the party's voice. The key calligraphy types, such as Chungbong-chae(청봉체), are used for slogans and propaganda, harnessing their visual-oral characteristics in order to convey the ideologies of the party. Such letter styles are repeatedly used in order to instill the party's voice into the people, and given variation for efficient delivery. There are a few limitations to the North Korean letter style discourse because it began to be formed in the 1980s, 30 years after the division of the two Koreas. First, there is a difference between the discourse and actual aesthetics, and second, there is a gap in the theory as the various experimental letter styles were excluded from the discourse. Thus, this research aims to further delve into these experimental types, especially focusing on Calligraphy changed-style(μ„œμ˜ˆλ³€μ²΄), Jangsik-chae(μž₯식체), Gringulsi-chae(그린글씨체, drawn writing style) of North Korean design, etc., all of which are interpreted as exhibiting different characteristics of calligraphy styles. North Korean letter styles are materializations that represent ideologies, and at the same time, are given variations, and are used as a means of forming the typeface culture landscape. Today, international standard computer and digital technology are being used in North Korea, and typography is being diversified. Therefore, in this research, the visual cultural characteristics of North Koreas regime are to be brought to light in order to provide the basis for understanding the changes occurring in society and the culture that form the daily lives of North Koreans by delving into their calligraphy letter types.β… . 머리말 1. μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ λͺ©μ κ³Ό λ°°κ²½ 2. μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ λ²”μœ„μ™€ 방법 3. μš©μ–΄ μ •μ˜ 1) μΊ˜λ¦¬κ·Έλž˜ν”Ό μ„œμ²΄ 2) μ„œμ²΄λ‹΄λ‘  3) μ‹œμ›μ„±(ε§‹εŽŸζ€§) β…‘. κ΄€λ ¨λ¬Έν—Œ κ²€ν†  1. λΆν•œμ—°κ΅¬λ°©λ²•λ‘ μ˜ 보편과 특수 2. μ„œμ²΄λ‹΄λ‘ κ³Ό λ””μžμΈμ˜ 역사·문화적 λ§₯락 3. λΆν•œ λ¬Έν™”μ˜ˆμˆ κ³Ό μ„œμ²΄ 연ꡬ 1) λΆν•œ μ„œμ²΄μ˜ 선행연ꡬ 2) λΆν•œ λ¬Έν™”μ˜ˆμˆ (λ¬Έν•™μ˜ˆμˆ )κ³Ό μ„œμ²΄ β…’. λΆν•œ μ„œμ²΄λ‹΄λ‘ κ³Ό λ””μžμΈμ˜ ν˜•μ„± κ³Όμ • 1. λΆν•œ μ„œμ²΄λ‹΄λ‘ μ˜ ν˜•μ„± λ°°κ²½ 1) 뢄단 μ „ν›„, ν•œκΈ€ μ„œμ²΄μ˜ ν˜•μ„±κ³Ό μ „κ°œ 2) 혁λͺ…λ―Όμ‘± μ „ν†΅μ˜ μ‹œμ›μ„± ꡬ좕과 μ„œμ˜ˆμ˜ λŒ€μ€‘ν™” 2. λΆν•œ μ„œμ²΄λ‹΄λ‘ μ˜ μ „κ°œμ™€ μΊ˜λ¦¬κ·Έλž˜ν”Ό μ„œμ²΄ 1) 1980λ…„λŒ€ 이후 λ“±μž₯ν•œ λΆν•œμ˜ μ„œμ²΄λ‹΄λ‘  2) λΆν•œμ˜ μ„œμ²΄ λΆ„λ₯˜μ™€ μΊ˜λ¦¬κ·Έλž˜ν”Ό μ„œμ²΄ β…£. μΊ˜λ¦¬κ·Έλž˜ν”Ό μ„œμ²΄μ˜ μ‹œκ°λ¬Έν™”μ  νŠΉμ„± 1. λͺΈμ˜ ν™•μž₯된 κ°œλ…μœΌλ‘œμ„œ μœ‘ν•„μ„œμ²΄ 1) 백두산 λͺ…ν•„μ²΄μ˜ μœ‘ν•„μ„± 2) μ‚¬μ„ μ˜ 속도감과 μ‹œκ°μ—°μ†μ„± 2. 혁λͺ…λ―Όμ‘±μ˜ 사상을 κ΅¬ν˜„ν•˜λŠ” κ΅¬ν˜Έμ„œμ²΄ 1) μ²­λ΄‰μ²΄λ‘œ λŒ€ν‘œλ˜λŠ” μΊ˜λ¦¬κ·Έλž˜ν”Ό μ„œμ²΄μ˜ μ‹œμ›μ„± 2) μŒμ„± μ–Έμ–΄μ˜ μ‹œκ°ν™”, μ‹œκ°κ΅¬μˆ μ„± 3. μ„œμ²΄λ‹΄λ‘ μ˜ ν•œκ³„μ™€ μ‹€ν—˜μ  μ„œμ²΄ 1) μ„œμ²΄λ‹΄λ‘ κ³Ό μ„œμ²΄ λ””μžμΈμ˜ μ‹œκ°μ  차이 2) λΆν•œ μ„œμ²΄μ˜ μ‹€ν—˜μ  μ‹œλ„μ™€ λ³€ν™” 4. μ†Œκ²°: μΊ˜λ¦¬κ·Έλž˜ν”Ό μ„œμ²΄μ˜ μ‹œκ°λ¬Έν™”μ  νŠΉμ„± μœ‘ν•„μ„±κ³Ό 혁λͺ…λ―Όμ‘± μ „ν†΅μ˜ μ‹œμ›μ„± κ°•μ‘° κ΅¬ν˜Έμ„œμ²΄μ˜ μ‹œκ°κ΅¬μˆ μ„± μ„œμ²΄λ‹΄λ‘ μ˜ ν•œκ³„μ™€ μ‹€ν—˜μ  μ‹œλ„ β…€. 맺음말 μ°Έκ³ λ¬Έν—Œ 뢀둝 AbstractMaste

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    ν•™μœ„λ…Όλ¬Έ(석사)--μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ λŒ€ν•™μ› :κ΅­μ–΄κ΅μœ‘κ³Ό,2000.Maste

    Clustered microcalcification on film-mammography : histopathologic correlation

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    μ˜ν•™κ³Ό/석사[ν•œκΈ€] 2㎜ μ΄ν•˜μ˜ λ―Έμ„Έμ„νšŒν™”κ°€ IγŽ λ‹Ή 5κ°œμ΄μƒ μžˆμ„λ•Œ κ΅°μ§‘λœ λ―Έμ„Έμ„νšŒν™”λΌκ³  μ •μ˜ν•˜λ©° 이 μ†Œκ²¬μ€ μ’…κ΄΄, μ£Όμœ„μ‘°μ§λ³€ν˜•κ³Ό ν•¨κ»˜ μ•…μ„±λ³‘λ³€μ˜ μ‚ΌλŒ€ μ§•ν›„λ‘œ μ•Œλ €μ Έ μžˆλ‹€. κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜, κ΅°μ§‘λœ λ―Έμ„Έμ„νšŒν™”λŠ” μ–‘μ„±λ³‘λ³€μ—μ„œλ„ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚˜λŠ” μ†Œκ²¬μœΌλ‘œ κ΅°μ§‘λœ λ―Έμ„Έμ„νšŒν™” μ†Œκ²¬μ˜ 30-40%κ°€ μ•…μ„±λ³‘λ³€μœΌλ‘œ λ³΄κ³ λ˜μ–΄ μ™”λ‹€. 크기가 μž‘μ„μˆ˜λ‘ μˆ˜κ°€ λ§Žμ„μˆ˜λ‘ 또 μ„νšŒν™”κ°€ λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ λͺ¨μ–‘을 보일수둝 μ•…μ„±κ°€λŠ₯성이 λ†’λ‹€κ³  ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ•…μ„±κ³Ό μ–‘μ„±λ³‘λ³€μ—μ„œ μ€‘μ²©λ˜λŠ” μ†Œκ²¬μ΄ λ§Žμ•„ λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ˜ μ˜ˆμ—μ„œ μ‘°μ§κ²€μ‚¬λ‘œ 확진이 ν•„μš”ν–ˆλ‹€. 이에 μ—°κ΅¬μžλŠ” 1988λ…„ 1μ›”λΆ€ν„° 1994λ…„ 2μ›”κΉŒμ§€ 수술 및 μ‘°μ§λ³‘λ¦¬ν•™μ μœΌλ‘œ ν™•μ§„λœ 63λͺ…μ˜ ν™˜μžλ₯Ό λŒ€μƒμœΌλ‘œ λ‹¨μˆœμœ λ°©ν•„λ¦„μƒ κ΅°μ§‘λœ λ―Έμ„Έμ„νšŒν™” μ†Œκ²¬μ„ λΆ„μ„ν•˜μ—¬ μ•…μ„±κ³Ό μ–‘μ„±λ³‘λ³€κ³Όμ˜ 차이λ₯Ό μ—°κ΅¬ν•˜κ³  μ‘°μ§λ³‘λ¦¬ν•™μ μœΌλ‘œ μ—°κ΄€μ‹œμΌœ μ•…μ„±κ³Ό μ–‘μ„±λ³‘λ³€μ—μ„œ μ„νšŒν™”μ˜ 쑰직학적 차이점 및 λ‹¨μˆœμœ λ°©ν•„λ¦„κ³Ό 쑰직병리학적 μ†Œκ²¬μ˜ 연관성을 μ°Ύμ•„λ³΄κ³ μž ν•˜μ—¬ λ‹€μŒκ³Ό 같은 κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό μ–»μ—ˆλ‹€. 1. 악성병변 λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ΄ 1γŽœμ΄ν•˜μ˜ μ„νšŒν™”λ₯Ό λ³΄μ˜€μœΌλ©° λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ ν¬κΈ°μ˜€λ‹€. μ„ν™”ν™”μ˜ λͺ¨μ–‘은 pepper, fine granular, branching, comma, tadpole, wormiformλͺ¨μ΄ λ§Žμ•˜κ³ (p<0.05), λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ λͺ¨μ–‘이 λ§Žμ•˜λ‹€. μ–‘μ„±μ„νšŒν™”μ— λΉ„ν•΄ 거의 보이지 μ•ŠλŠ” 1^^(+)의 μ„νšŒν™”κ°€ 많고 μ…€μˆ˜ 없이 λ§Žμ€ μ˜ˆκ°€ 양성에 λΉ„ν•΄ λ§Žμ•˜λ‹€(p<0.05). μ£Όμœ„μ— λ™λ°˜λœ μ‘°μ§λ³€ν˜•μ΄ λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ—μ„œ κ΄€μ°°λ˜μ—ˆκ³ , 경계가 μž˜μ§€μ›Œμ§€μ§€μ•ŠλŠ” μ’…κ΄΄λ™λ°˜μ΄ 양성에 λΉ„ν•΄ λ§Žμ•˜λ‹€. κ²½κ³„λŠ” λΆˆλΆ„λͺ…ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 2. μ–‘μ„±λ³‘λ³€μ—μ„œλŠ” 60%κ°€ 2γŽœμ΄ν•˜μ˜ μ„νšŒν™”λ₯Ό 가지고 μžˆμ—ˆκ³ , 비ꡐ적 μΌμ •ν•œ 크기의 μ„νšŒν™”κ°€ μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€(p<0.05). coarse granular, punctate, salty, S-shape이 λ§Žμ•˜κ³ (p<0.05), 악성에 λΉ„ν•˜μ—¬ μΌμ •ν•œ λͺ¨μ–‘μ΄μ—ˆλ‹€. μ„νšŒν™”μ˜ μ§„ν•œ 정도에 μžˆμ–΄μ„œ 2^^(+)μ΄μƒμ˜ μ§„ν•œ μ„νšŒ ν™”κ°€ κ΄€μ°°λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€(67.4%). μ–‘μ„±μ˜ 80%μ—μ„œλŠ” μ£Όμœ„μ‘°μ§λ³€ν˜•μ΄ μ—†μ—ˆκ³ (p<0.05), 63.0%μ—μ„œλŠ” μ£Όμœ„ μ’…κ΄΄λ₯Ό λ™λ°˜ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜λ‹€. 변연은 비ꡐ적 μΌμ •ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 3. 쑰직학적 μ†Œκ²¬μ„ κ΄€μ°°ν•˜μ˜€μ„λ•Œ, μ•…μ„±λ³‘λ³€μ˜ λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„(n=8/10)μ—μ„œ μ„νšŒν™”λŠ” 관강내에 μœ„μΉ˜ν•˜μ˜€μœΌλ©°, μ–‘μ„±λ³‘λ³€μ–΄μ„œλŠ” κ΄€κ°•λ‚΄(n=10/17) 및 관내상피세포에(n=7/17) μœ„μΉ˜ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. μ•…μ„±μ„νšŒν™”μ˜ λͺ¨μ–‘은 laminated(n=6/10)κ°€ λ§Žμ•˜κ³  μ–‘μ„±λ³‘λ³€μ—μ„œλŠ” granular, Baltyλ‘œμ–‘μ˜ μ„νšŒν™”κ°€ κ΄€μ°°λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. 4. μ•…μ„±λ³‘λ³€μ˜ μ„νšŒν™”μ¦ 30%μ—μ„œλŠ” 악성및 κ·Έ μ£Όμœ„ μ–‘μ„±λ³‘λ³€μ—μ„œ μ„νšŒν™”κ°€ λ°œκ²¬λ˜μ—ˆκ³ , 10%μ—μ„œλŠ” μ–‘μ„±λ³‘λ³€μ–΄μ„œλ§Œ μ„νšŒν™”κ°€ κ΄€μ°°λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. μ΄μƒμ˜ 결과둜 악성병변에 λ™λ°˜ν•˜λŠ” μ„νšŒν™”νŠΉμ„±μ„ μ•Œμˆ˜μžˆμ—ˆκ³ , μ•…μ„±λ³‘λ³€μ—μ„œλ„ κ·Έ μ£Όμœ„μ— μžˆλŠ” 양성병변내에 μ–‘μ„±μ„νšŒν™”λ₯Ό ν¬ν•¨ν• μˆ˜ μžˆλŠ”κ²ƒμ„ μ•Œμ•˜λ‹€. 또, μ „ν–₯적인 mapping을 톡해 λ§Žμ€ μ–‘μ„± μ„νšŒν™”λ³‘λ³€μΌλΆ€λΆ„μ— 악성이 μ˜μ‹¬λ˜λŠ” μ„νšŒν™”κ°€ μžˆλŠ” 경우 수술과 ν•¨κ»˜ mapping μ—°κ΅¬ν•˜λŠ” 것이 μ •ν™•ν•œ 진단에 ν•„μš”ν•  κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ μƒκ°λœλ‹€. 또 μ–‘μ„±, μ•…μ„±μ„νšŒν™”μ˜ 쑰직학적 μœ„μΉ˜ 및 λͺ¨μ–‘을 고해상도 μ΄ˆμŒμ§„λ‹¨μ— μ΄μš©ν•  수 μžˆμ„ κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ μƒκ°λœλ‹€. [영문] The clustered microcalcification on film mammography is termed when microcalcifications below 2mm in size and above 5 per 1 cm**3 in number are noted. For the purpoae of evaluation of differential points of clustered microcalcification in malignant and benign lesion on mammography and correlation with histopathology, author evaluated 63 film-mammograms of surgically confirmed patients with clustered microcalcifications. And 24 histopathologis findings were reviewed and correlated with mammographic findings. The following results were obtained. 1. In mammography, malignant calcifications shot variable finding in size and shape such as pepper, fine granular, branching, comma, tadpole and wormiform. The malignant calcifications showed more faint, irregular margin. and they were usually associated with parenchymal distortion and associated mass. 2. In histopathology, calcification of cancer tore located inductal lumen, while benign one were usually located in ductal epithelium(p<0.05). However, five benign lesions associated with 15 cancer patients showed still benign calcifications adjacent to proven cancer The typical malignant calcifications were the shape of laminated while benign calcifications showed granular and salty on light microscope. 3. Mammographic pepper calcifications were correlated with clustered fine granular or salty on light microscope. Granular, punctate, salty and S-shaped calcifications mere correlated with light microscopic clustered granular, salty and granular, salty calcification. Maiiographic elongated, branching, comma, tadpole and wormifort calcificationa were correlated with light microscopic laminated calcification. In conclusion, we have recognized about characteristics of malignant clustered microcalcification on mammography and histopathology. Benign-looking calcifications in area of malignant lesiens yield calcificaiton of benign lesion adjacent to malignant lesion. And through prospective rapping study, re found area of atypical ductal hyperplasia in area of faint pepper, comma, tadpole calcifications associated with more predominant benign calcificaitons. we concluded that if malignant-looking calcification are present in an area of predominant benign calcifications, excision and rapping study is necessary for better demonstration of the ADH, hidden or associated breast cancer.restrictio

    A Study on Literary Criticism as Productive Thinking and Literary Education

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    Language education should cultivate the reader's ability to reread the text in the view of the reader himself, not being satisfied with teaching him to read it as it is. That is because to read the text should be ultimately to understand and reflect on the life of the reader himself. Following this view, this study pays attention to literary criticism as productive thinking. Lim Hwa as a critic let us see that literary criticism is the critical and reflective interaction between the text and the reader

    Up-regulation of heat shock protein70 by cyclosporine A and mycophenolate mofet

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    μ˜ν•™κ³Ό/석사[ν•œκΈ€] Heat shock proteins(HSPs)λŠ” 세포 λ‹¨μœ„μ˜ 물리적, 생화학적 μžκ·Ήμ— μ˜ν•œ 세포손상에 λŒ€ν•΄ 세포λ₯Ό λ³΄ν˜Έν•˜κ³  μ„Έν¬μ˜ 항상성을 μœ μ§€ μ‹œμΌœμ£ΌλŠ” 물질둜 μ•Œλ €μ Έ μžˆλ‹€. HSPsλŠ” κ·Έ λΆ„μžλŸ‰κ³Ό κΈ°λŠ₯에 μ˜ν•΄ λͺ‡ 가지 μ†Œ 그룹으둜 λΆ„λ₯˜λ˜λ©° 특히 HSP70은 μ‹ μž₯ 쑰직에 λΆ„ν¬ν•˜μ—¬ μ—΄ 손상, ν—ˆν˜ˆ, μ‚Όνˆ¬μ„± 자극, μ‚°μ†Œ 독성등에 μ˜ν•΄ μ¦κ°€ν•˜μ—¬ μ—΄ 내성을 κ°–κ²Œ ν•¨μœΌλ‘œμ¨ μ‹ μž₯ μ„Έν¬μ˜ 손상을 μ΅œμ†Œν™”ν•˜λŠ”λ° κΈ°μ—¬ν•˜λŠ” 역할을 ν•œλ‹€. 1980λ…„λŒ€λ₯Ό μ§€λ‚˜λ©΄μ„œ λ©΄μ—­ μ–΅μ œμ œμ˜ 개발 및 μ΄μ‹μˆ μ˜ λ°œμ „μœΌλ‘œ μž₯κΈ° 이식이 ν™œλ°œν•΄μ§€κ³  이후 cyclosporine A와 steroid의 병합 μ‚¬μš©μœΌλ‘œ μž₯κΈ° μ΄μ‹μ˜ 성곡λ₯ μ΄ 크게 μ¦κ°€ν•˜μ˜€μœΌλ‚˜ λ©΄μ—­ μ–΅μ œμ œμ˜ μ‚¬μš©μ— μžˆμ–΄ μ•½μ œ 자체의 μ‹ μž₯ 독성 λ•Œλ¬Έμ— μ‚¬μš© μƒμ˜ μ œν•œ 점이 λ¬Έμ œκ°€ λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μ‹œμ μ—μ„œ 졜근 μ‹ μž₯ 쑰직 μžμ²΄μ— λŒ€ν•œ 독성은 μ—†μœΌλ©° μ‹ μž₯이식 ν›„ cyclosporine Aλ₯Ό λŒ€μ²΄ν•  λ§Œν•œ νš¨κ³Όκ°€ 보고되고 μžˆλŠ” mycophenolate mofetil(MMF)이 개발됨으둜써 λ©΄μ—­ μ–΅μ œμ œ μ‚¬μš©μ˜ λ¬Έμ œμ μ„ ν•΄κ²°ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” 계기가 되고 μžˆλ‹€. λ³Έ μ‹€ν—˜μ—μ„œλŠ” ν—ˆν˜ˆ-μž¬κ΄€λ₯˜ 손상을 μΌμœΌν‚¨ Sprague-Dawley rat의 μ‹ μž₯ μ‘°μ§μ—μ„œ cyclosporine A와 MMF의 μ‚¬μš© 및 이듀 μ•½μ œλ₯Ό 병합 μ‚¬μš©ν•œ κ²°κ³Ό μΌμ–΄λ‚˜λŠ” 세포 λ‚΄ 변화에 λŒ€ν•˜μ—¬ λ©΄μ—­ 쑰직 화학염색을 톡해 HSP70의 λ°œν˜„ 정도λ₯Ό ν‰κ°€ν•¨μœΌλ‘œμ¨ μ‹  독성에 λ―ΈμΉ˜λŠ” MMF와 cyclosporine Aμ™€μ˜ μƒν˜Έκ΄€κ³„ 및 차이점에 λŒ€ν•˜μ—¬ μ•Œμ•„λ³΄κ³ μž ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. λ°±μ„œμ˜ μ‹ μž₯ 쑰직을 μ΄μš©ν•˜μ˜€κ³  우츑 μ‹ μž₯을 μ μΆœν•œ ν›„ ν—ˆν˜ˆ-μž¬κ΄€λ₯˜ 손상을 λ°›μ§€μ•Šμ€ 쒌츑 μ‹ μž₯을 μ μΆœν•˜μ—¬ λŒ€μ‘°κ΅°μœΌλ‘œ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. μ‹€ν—˜κ΅°μœΌλ‘œλŠ” 쒌츑 μ‹ μž₯의 혈λ₯˜λ₯Ό μ°¨λ‹¨ν•œ ν›„ μž¬κ΄€λ₯˜μ‹œν‚¨ ν—ˆν˜ˆ-μž¬κ΄€λ₯˜ 손상ꡰ 및 μ•½λ¬Όμ‚¬μš©κ΅°μœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜λˆ„μ—ˆκ³  μ•½λ¬Όμ‚¬μš©κ΅°μ€ cyclosporine A와 MMF 및 두가지 μ•½μ œλ₯Ό 병합 μ‚¬μš©ν•œ ꡰ으둜 λ‚˜λˆ„μ–΄ 쒌츑 μ‹ μž₯ 쑰직을 얻은 ν›„ λ©΄μ—­ 쑰직 화학염색을 ν•˜μ˜€κ³  μ˜μƒ 뢄석기λ₯Ό 톡해 μ—Όμƒ‰λœ 강도λ₯Ό μΈ‘μ •ν•˜μ—¬ 각 μ‹€ν—˜ κ΅°μ—μ„œ HSP70이 λ°œν˜„λ˜λŠ” 정도λ₯Ό νŒλ‹¨ν•˜κ³  λΉ„κ΅ν•˜μ—¬ λ‹€μŒκ³Ό 같은 결둠을 μ–»μ—ˆλ‹€. 1. λŒ€μ‘° ꡰ에 λΉ„ν•˜μ—¬ ν—ˆν˜ˆ-μž¬κ΄€λ₯˜ 손상을 받은 κ΅°μ—μ„œ HSP70의 λ°œν˜„μ΄ μ¦κ°€ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€(p<0.05). 2. ν—ˆν˜ˆ-μž¬κ΄€λ₯˜ 손상을 받은 κ΅°κ³Ό λΉ„κ΅ν•˜μ—¬ 약물을 μ‚¬μš©ν•œ κ΅°μ—μ„œλŠ” HSP70의 λ°œν˜„μ΄ μ¦κ°€ν•˜μ—¬ μœ μ˜ν•  λ§Œν•œ 차이가 μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€(p<0.05). 3. μ•½μ œλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•œ κ΅°μ—μ„œλŠ” cyclosporine Aλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•œ κ΅°κ³Ό MMFλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•œ ꡰ을 λΉ„κ΅ν•˜μ˜€μ„ λ•Œ HSP70의 λ°œν˜„ μ •λ„μ—λŠ” 유의 ν•  λ§Œν•œ μ°¨μ΄λŠ” μ—†μ—ˆλ‹€(p>0.05). 4. λ‹¨λ…μœΌλ‘œ cyclosporine Aλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•œ κ΅°κ³Ό μ•½μ œλ₯Ό 병합 μ‚¬μš©ν•œ κ΅° μ‚¬μ΄μ—λŠ” 였히렀 병합 μ‚¬μš©ν•œ κ²½μš°μ— HSP70의 λ°œν˜„μ΄ κ°μ†Œν•˜μ˜€λ‹€(p<0.05). μ΄μƒμ˜ 결과둜 ν—ˆν˜ˆ-μž¬κ΄€λ₯˜ 손상을 받은 μ‹ μž₯ μ‘°μ§μ—μ„œλŠ” HSP70의 λ°œν˜„μ΄ μ¦κ°€ν•˜μ—¬ 쑰직 손상이 μ˜μ‹¬λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. 약물을 λ³‘μš©ν•œ 경우 더 μ‹¬ν•œ 쑰직 손상이 κ°€λŠ₯함을 μ•Œ 수 μžˆμ—ˆκ³  μ‹ μž₯ 독성이 μ—†λ‹€κ³  μ•Œλ €μ§„ MMFμ—μ„œλ„ HSP70이 μ¦κ°€ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ 보아 세포 λ‹¨μœ„ μ†μƒμ˜ κ°€λŠ₯성이 μžˆμŒμ„ μ•Œ 수 μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€. [영문] With the development of new immunosuppressive agents. the focus of anti-rejection therapy has shifted from prevention of acute rejection to an immunosuppressive approach with minimal toxicity. Cyclosporine A and corticosteroids all have adverse effects such as nephrotoxicity, diabetes mellitus and lymphoproliferative disorder. As a new immunosuppressive agent having a different mechanism. mycophenolate mofetil(MMF) emerged for clinical trials in the early 1990s. The 70kD heat shock protein is expressed significantly in the cell under normal state and is considerably induced under stressful conditions. The heat shock response is a highly conserved response of cells to a variety of stresses, which are induced under pathophysiological conditions, such as embryonic development, cell differentiation, toxin exposure, and oxidative stress. This paper focuses on nephrotoxic effect of MMF at cellular level. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized and divided into 5 groups. In group A(n=4), right nephrectomy was performed only and group B(n=4) was injured by ischemia-reperfusion insult in left kidney after right nephrectomy. The rats in group C,D,E received cyclosporine A(25㎎/㎏, subcutaneous injection ;group C(n=4)), and received MMF(l0㎎/㎏, per oral ; group D(n=4)) and both drugs(cyclosporine A 25㎎/㎏ plus MMF lO㎎/㎏ ;group E(n=4))daily for l week. Expression of HSP70 after ischemia-reperfusion injury was studied in the course oftime(n= 16). After ischemia-reperfusion injury, the rats were sacrificed on the lst, 5th, 7th, and the 14th day. Maximal accumulation of HSP70 in rat tissue occurred on the 5th day after ischemia-reperfusion injury. Immunological staining shows an increased expression of HSP70 in use of MMF as well as cyclosporine A. This paper reports that MMF acts as a cell damaging stressor in renal tissue of Sprague-Dawley rats.ope

    Educational Search of Natural Images Appearing in Lee Won Sus Childrens Poems

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    이 μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” μ΄μ›μˆ˜ λ™μ‹œμ— λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚œ μžμ—° μ΄λ―Έμ§€μ˜ 양상과 κ·Έ 의미λ₯Ό μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄μ•˜λ‹€. 연ꡬ사적 λ§₯λ½μ—μ„œ λ³Ό λ•Œ μ΄μ›μˆ˜μ˜ λ™μ‹œλŠ” 주둜 ν˜„μ‹€μ£Όμ˜μ  κ΄€μ μ—μ„œ λ‹€λ£¨μ–΄μ‘ŒμœΌλ‚˜ λ°λ·”μž‘μΈ ο½’κ³ ν–₯의 λ΄„ο½£μ—μ„œλΆ€ν„° μ΄μ›μˆ˜λŠ” λ§Žμ€ μž‘ν’ˆμ—μ„œ μš°λ¦¬λ‚˜λΌμ˜ ν‰λ²”ν•œ μ‹œκ³¨ 풍경과 κ·Έ μ†μ—μ„œ νŽΌμ³μ§€λŠ” μ•„μ΄λ“€μ˜ 일상을 μž¬ν˜„ν•΄ μ™”λ‹€. κ³ ν–₯κ³Ό μžμ—°μ˜ 아름닀움을 λ…Έλž˜ν•œ 그의 λ™μ‹œμ—μ„œ, μžμ—°μ€ 객관적인 μ΄λ―Έμ§€λ‘œ μ œμ‹œλ˜κ±°λ‚˜ 유희적으둜 창쑰된 이미지에 κ·ΈμΉ˜μ§€ μ•Šκ³  μ‹œμΈμ˜ μ ˆμ‹€ν•œ μ •μ„œλ₯Ό λ§€κ°œν•˜λŠ” 역할을 ν•΄ μ™”λ‹€. μ΄μ›μˆ˜ λ™μ‹œμ—μ„œ μžμ—° μ΄λ―Έμ§€λŠ” (1) μ‹œμ  ν™”μžμ˜ 그리움을 λ§€κ°œν•˜λŠ” 역할을 ν•˜κΈ°λ„ ν•˜κ³ , (2) 인간과 λ™λ“±ν•œ μœ„μΉ˜μ—μ„œ μƒν˜Έ κ΅κ°ν•˜κ³  λ°°λ €ν•΄μ•Ό ν•  λŒ€μƒμœΌλ‘œ μ œμ‹œλ˜κΈ°λ„ ν•˜λ©°, ν•œ 걸음 더 λ‚˜μ•„κ°€ (3) μ‹œμ  ν™”μžμ™€ λ…μžλ‘œ ν•˜μ—¬κΈˆ μžμ—°κ³Ό ν•¨κ»˜ μ‚΄μ•„κ°€λ©΄μ„œ λ°°μ›Œμ•Ό ν•  μ§€ν˜œλ₯Ό μΌλŸ¬μ£ΌκΈ°λ„ ν•œλ‹€. This study examined the aspect and meaning of natural images appearing in Lee Won Sus childrens poems. In his childrens poems that sang for home and natures beauty, nature was presented not either as an objective image or as an image limited to a merrily created image, but played a role of mediating poets thorough emotion. In Lee Won Su childrens poem, natural images 1 played a role of mediating poetic speakers nostalgia, 2 were presented as an object with which was to be inter‐sympathized and solicited in a position equal to human beings, and further more 3 told wisdom that both the poetic speaker and readers should learn through living with the nature.이 논문은 2009년도 μ²­μ£Όκ΅μœ‘λŒ€ν•™κ΅ 자유곡λͺ¨ μ—°κ΅¬κ³Όμ œ(과제 번호: RC2011015)둜 μˆ˜ν–‰λ˜μ—ˆ

    (A)Study on poetry reading education as a play of knowledge construction

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    學位ο₯ζ–‡(博士)--μ„œμšΈε€§ε­Έζ ‘ 倧學陒 :εœ‹θͺžζ•Žθ‚²η§‘,2007.Docto

    The Art of Meaning and Stroke: Visual Cultural Characteristics of North Korean Calligraphy Letter Style

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    이 μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” λΆν•œμ—μ„œ 뜻과 획의 예술둜 ν‘œν˜„λ˜λŠ” μ„œμ˜ˆμ„œμ²΄κ°€ μ–΄λ– ν•œ μ‹œκ°λ¬Έν™”μ  νŠΉμ„±μ„ λ λŠ”μ§€ λΆν•œμ˜ μ„œμ²΄ 이둠을 뢄석 ν•΄ λ°νžˆλŠ” 데 λͺ©μ μ΄ μžˆλ‹€. λΆν•œμ˜ μ„œμ²΄λŠ” 1980λ…„λŒ€ 이후에 ꡬ체적으둜 μ„œμ²΄ 이둠이 ν˜•μ„±λ˜μ–΄ κ°œλ…κ³Ό μœ ν˜•μ΄ μ²΄κ³„ν™”λ˜λ©΄ μ„œ μ§€λ„μž ν•„μ²΄μ˜ μ€‘μš”μ„±μ΄ λΆ€κ°λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. 백두산 3λŒ€ μž₯ꡰ의 ν•„μ²΄μ—μ„œλΆ€ν„° μ„œμ‚¬μ²΄μ˜ λ²”μ£Όλ₯Ό ν¬κ΄„ν•˜λŠ” μ„œμ˜ˆμ„œμ²΄λŠ” μ£Όλ―Όλ“€ 의 μƒν™œ 곳곳에 λ°°μΉ˜λ˜μ–΄ λΆν•œλ§Œμ˜ λ…νŠΉν•œ μ‹œκ°λ¬Έν™” 경관을 μ‘°μ„±ν•˜λŠ” 데 κΈ°μ—¬ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 그리고 μ‚¬νšŒμ£Όμ˜μ  λ‚΄μš©μ„ 민쑱적 ν˜• 식에 λ‹΄μ•„λ‚΄λŠ” μ£Όμ²΄λ―Έν•™μ˜ μ—°μž₯μ„ μƒμ—μ„œ λ‹Ήμ˜ λͺ©μ†Œλ¦¬λŠ” μ„œμ˜ˆμ„œμ²΄λ‘œ μ‹œκ°ν™”λ˜μ–΄ λŒ€μ€‘μ—κ²Œ μ „λ‹¬λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚  λΆν•œμ˜ μ„œ μ²΄λŠ” 700μ—¬ 쒅에 이λ₯΄λ©° λ‹€λ³€ν™”λ˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€. λΆν•œμ˜ μ„œμ˜ˆμ„œμ²΄λ₯Ό λΆ„μ„ν•˜λŠ” 것은 λ³€ν™”ν•˜λŠ” λΆν•œ μ‹œκ°λ¬Έν™”μ˜ 흐름과 κ²½ν—˜μ„ ν•΄ μ„ν•΄λ‚΄λŠ” 데 ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ λ‹¨μ΄ˆλ₯Ό μ œκ³΅ν•œλ‹€.N

    Developing a Liberal Arts Course in the Visual Arts and Culture of Everyday North Korea for Unification and Peace in the Korean Peninsula

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    이 μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” λŒ€ν•™μƒλ“€μ˜ λΆν•œ λ¬Έν™”μ˜ˆμˆ μ— λŒ€ν•œ 이해와 톡일 μ‹œλŒ€λ₯Ό λŒ€λΉ„ν•œ 창의적 μ—­λŸ‰μ„ ν•¨μ–‘ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•œ ꡐ양ꡐ과λͺ©μ„ κ°œλ°œν•˜λŠ” 데 λͺ©μ μ΄ μžˆλ‹€. ꡬ체적으둜 λΆν•œ λ¬Έν™”μ˜ˆμˆ μ„ ν•™μ œμ  μ°¨μ›μ—μ„œ μ΄ν•΄ν•˜κ³  λ‚¨λΆν•œ 접점을 λ°œκ²¬ν•¨μœΌλ‘œμ¨ 톡일·평화에 λŒ€ν•œ λ¬Έμ œμ— 창의적으둜 μ ‘κ·Όν•  수 μžˆλŠ” μ—­λŸ‰μ„ λ°°μ–‘ν•˜μ—¬ ν†΅ν•©λœ 톡일 λ¬Έν™” ν˜•μ„±μ˜ μ°½μΆœμ„ λͺ©ν‘œλ‘œ ν•œλ‹€. ꡐ양 ꡐ과λͺ© 의 κ°œλ°œμ„ μœ„ν•΄ λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œ μ„€μ •ν•œ κΈ°λ³Έ λ°©ν–₯은 λ‹€μŒκ³Ό κ°™λ‹€. 첫째, λΆν•œ λ¬Έν™”μ˜ˆμˆ μ— λŒ€ν•œ ꡬ체적 이해λ₯Ό ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” λ‚΄μš©μ„ 기반으둜 ꡐ과λͺ©μ„ κ΅¬μ„±ν•œλ‹€. λ‘˜μ§Έ, λΆν•œμ˜ 일상을 μ‹œκ°μ˜ˆμˆ  μ€‘μ‹¬μœΌλ‘œ λ¬Έν™”μ˜ˆμˆ  μ°¨μ›μ—μ„œ μ΄ν•΄ν•˜κ³  λ‚¨λΆν•œ 접점을 λͺ¨μƒ‰ν•˜λŠ” 계기λ₯Ό κ°–λŠ”λ‹€. μ…‹μ§Έ, 평화톡일 및 톡일문화에 λŒ€ν•œ μ˜μ‹μ„ ν•¨μ–‘ν•œλ‹€. λ„·μ§Έ, 톡일 κ°μˆ˜μ„± ν˜•μ„±κ³Ό λ¬Έν™”μ‹œλ―Ό μ—­λŸ‰μ„ κ°•ν™”ν•  수 μžˆλ„λ‘ ν•œλ‹€. λ³Έ ꡐ과λͺ©μ€ λΆν•œμ˜ 일상을 μ΄λ£¨λŠ” λ¬Έν™”μ˜ˆμˆ μ„ 이해해 타문화에 λŒ€ν•œ 배렀심과 포용λ ₯을 λ°°μ–‘ν•˜κ³ , κΈ‰λ³€ν•˜λŠ” ꡭ제 μ •μ„Έ μ†μ—μ„œλ„ κ· ν˜• 작힌 μ‹œκ°μœΌλ‘œ 톡일·평화에 λŒ€ν•œ 점진적이고 창의적 접근을 ν•  수 μžˆλ„λ‘ ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. μ—°κ΅¬κ²°κ³Όλ‘œ λ³Έ ꡐ과λͺ©μ€ λŒ€ν•™μƒλ“€μ΄ 역사·문화적 인식을 λ°”νƒ•μœΌλ‘œ λΆν•œμ˜ 일상과 λ¬Έν™”μ˜ˆμˆ μ„ μ΄ν•΄ν•˜κ³  독해할 수 μžˆλ„λ‘ ꡐ과λͺ©μ˜ κ°•μ˜κ°œμš”μ™€ 세뢀사항을 μ œμ‹œν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. λΆν•œμ˜ λ¬Έν™”μ˜ˆμˆ μ„ 효과적으둜 μ „λ‹¬ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ μ‹œκ°μ˜ˆμˆ  λΆ„μ•Όλ₯Ό μ€‘μ‹¬μœΌλ‘œ 6개 λΆ„μ•Ό(λ―Όμ‘±λ¬Έν™”μ˜ˆμˆ , 미술, λ„μ‹œκ±΄μΆ•, μ‚°μ—…λ―Έμˆ (λ””μžμΈ), κ³΅μ—°μ˜ˆμˆ , μ˜ν™”)λ₯Ό μ„ μ •ν•΄ 각 주차별 κ°•μ˜ μ„ΈλΆ€κ³„νšμ•ˆκ³Ό κ°•μ˜ λ‚΄μš©μ„ μ œμ‹œν•˜μ˜€λ‹€.This study aims to develop a course in liberal arts education that would help undergraduates improve their creativity and sensitivity in preparation for the period of unification in the Korean peninsula. This course was designed to encourage the academic comprehension and interpretation of North Korean daily life and visual culture by immersing students in the historical and cultural contents of North Korea. Thus, the overarching goal for this course is to create a culture of unification by proving students the abilities to understand the art and culture of North Korea via an academic approach; this will also benefit empathy and sensitivity in the exchanges between South and North Korea. The cultivation of these capabilities is the driving purpose for the creation of an integrated unified culture. The framework of this course is as follows. First, the main contents presented to the students will consist of specific and comprehensive data regarding North Korea. Second, students will have the opportunity to find their own answers through individual experiences in the everyday visual arts and culture of North Korea which will help students develop their own point of view of unification and peace. Third, the course will encourage them to think upon the importance of peace attained through unification and of unification itself. Fourth, this course will inspire students to have sensitivity and instill mature civic awareness. The lectures will enable undergraduates to not only develop a note of thoughtfulness regarding North-South coexistence but also to approach unification with a balanced perspective. In the study conclusion, we offer suggestions for the overall composition of the lecture contents derived from the 6 categories we have selected (national arts, arts, urban architecture, design, performing arts, and films). This study also proposes a detailed syllabus and the contents for each weekly lecture.이 μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” 2017λ…„ ν†΅μΌκ΅μœ‘ μ„ λ„λŒ€ν•™ μ—°κ΅¬μ‚¬μ—…μœΌλ‘œ μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ ν†΅μΌν‰ν™”μ—°κ΅¬μ›μ˜ μž¬μ›μ„ 지원받아 μˆ˜ν–‰λœ μ—°κ΅¬μž„
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