7,008 research outputs found
Constructing a global counterterrorist legislation database: dilemmas, procedures, and preliminary analyses
Counterterrorist legislation is one of the main ways in which countries, particularly democracies, respond to terror attacks. Yet, there is to date no comprehensive cross-national database of counterterrorist legislation. This article introduces an overarching global counterterrorist legislation database (GCLD), covering more than 1,000 laws in 219 countries and territories over the years 1850-2009. I present the dilemmas and difficulties involved in constructing a global terrorism database and explain how these difficulties were addressed when assembling the current database. The article also brings descriptive statistics and analyses of the data, focusing on the historical development of global counterterrorist legislation and on the regional distribution of this legislation. It concludes with some recommendations for future researchers who may want to use the database.Publisher PD
Fault-tolerant quantum computation
Recently, it was realized that use of the properties of quantum mechanics
might speed up certain computations dramatically. Interest in quantum
computation has since been growing. One of the main difficulties of realizing
quantum computation is that decoherence tends to destroy the information in a
superposition of states in a quantum computer, thus making long computations
impossible. A futher difficulty is that inaccuracies in quantum state
transformations throughout the computation accumulate, rendering the output of
long computations unreliable. It was previously known that a quantum circuit
with t gates could tolerate O(1/t) amounts of inaccuracy and decoherence per
gate. We show, for any quantum computation with t gates, how to build a
polynomial size quantum circuit that can tolerate O(1/(log t)^c) amounts of
inaccuracy and decoherence per gate, for some constant c. We do this by showing
how to compute using quantum error correcting codes. These codes were
previously known to provide resistance to errors while storing and transmitting
quantum data.Comment: Latex, 11 pages, no figures, in 37th Symposium on Foundations of
Computing, IEEE Computer Society Press, 1996, pp. 56-6
Yet another additivity conjecture
It is known that the additivity conjecture of Holevo capacity, output minimum
entoropy, and the entanglement of formation (EoF), are equivalent with each
other. Among them, the output minimum entropy is simplest, and hence many
researchers are focusing on this quantity.
Here, we suggest yet another entanglement measure, whose strong
superadditivity and additivity are equivalent to the additivity of the
quantities mentioned above. This quantity is as simple as the output minimum
entropy, and in existing proofs of additivity conjecture of the output minimum
entropy for the specific examples, they are essentially proving the strong
superadditivity of this quantity.Comment: corrections of typo, etc. minor revisio
Equivalence of Additivity Questions in Quantum Information Theory
We reduce the number of open additivity problems in quantum information
theory by showing that four of them are equivalent. We show that the
conjectures of additivity of the minimum output entropy of a quantum channel,
additivity of the Holevo expression for the classical capacity of a quantum
channel, additivity of the entanglement of formation, and strong
superadditivity of the entanglement of formation, are either all true or all
false.Comment: now 20 pages, replaced to add a reference, remove a reference to a
claimed result about locally minimal output entropy states (my proof of this
was incorrect), correct minor typos, and add more explanation for the
background of these conjecture
Learning to Respond: The Use of Heuristics in Dynamic Games
While many learning models have been proposed in the game theoretic literature to track individuals’ behavior, surprisingly little research has focused on how well these models describe human adaptation in changing dynamic environments. Analysis of human behavior demonstrates that people are often remarkably responsive to changes in their environment, on time scales ranging from millennia (evolution) to milliseconds (reflex). The goal of this paper is to evaluate several prominent learning models in light of a laboratory experiment on responsiveness in a lowinformation dynamic game subject to changes in its underlying structure. While history-dependent reinforcement learning models track convergence of play well in repeated games, it is shown that they are ill suited to these environments, in which sastisficing models accurately predict behavior. A further objective is to determine which heuristics, or “rules of thumb,” when incorporated into learning models, are responsible for accurately capturing responsiveness. Reference points and a particular type of experimentation are found to be important in both describing and predicting play.learning, limited information, dynamic games
On Shor's channel extension and constrained channels
In this paper we give several equivalent formulations of the additivity
conjecture for constrained channels, which formally is substantially stronger
than the unconstrained additivity. To this end a characteristic property of the
optimal ensemble for such a channel is derived, generalizing the maximal
distance property. It is shown that the additivity conjecture for constrained
channels holds true for certain nontrivial classes of channels.
Recently P. Shor showed that conjectured additivity properties for several
quantum information quantities are in fact equivalent. After giving an
algebraic formulation for the Shor's channel extension, its main asymptotic
property is proved. It is then used to show that additivity for two constrained
channels can be reduced to the same problem for unconstrained channels, and
hence, "global" additivity for channels with arbitrary constraints is
equivalent to additivity without constraints.Comment: 19 pages; substantially revised and enhanced. To appear in Commun.
Math. Phy
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