S'isoler pour collaborer

Le travail en entreprise se résume trop souvent soit à la collaboration soit au labeur effectué en commun. À ce besoin de collaboration, l'auteur propose ici de faire correspondre un besoin, lui mésestimé, de "sollaboration", désignant une aspiration au calme, à la sérénité et à la réflexion, une nécessité d'échapper aux multiples pressions pour simplement accomplir la partie concrète de sa tâche et, dans le meilleur des cas, prendre le temps de faire du "beau travail"

Fatigue compassionnelle

National audienceCe document est constitué de deux éléments : La définition du terme "fatigue compassionnelle" - La liste de l'ensemble des termes présents dans le "Dictionnaire des risques psychosociaux

The impact of implementing a fleet allocation and scheduling decision support system: Development and application of a machine learning event impact analysis framework

Maritime scheduling software is a fairly new and dynamically growing industry. While statistical methods for event impact analysis are well research, they have yet to be applied to this new area. This master thesis investigates the impact of implementing a fleet allocation and scheduling software by a maritime shipping company. Ideas from existing research by Wang et al. (2019) are applied in order to assess event impact on Vessel Weight Utilization, defined as the ratio of cargo weight and the deadweight of the ship, which is a proxy for total cargo carrying capacity. Random Forest is used to predict the "would be" performance of the KPI in a counterfactual scenario in which the software is never introduced. The difference between the actual KPI time series and the "would be" scenario quantifies the software impact. Furthermore, this paper expands on the existing framework by proposing a way to use Random Forest to make two predictions of the KPI, one for the factual scenario and one for the counterfactual scenario. This allows not only for calculating software impact, but also for prediction distributions to be compared using, among others, kernel density plots and the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test. OLS models are used as a naive benchmark to check the validity of the methods used. Results suggest that implementing the fleet allocation and scheduling software had a slight effect on the shape of the distribution, but ultimately did not have a visible effect on mean Vessel Weight Utilization over a 2 year period after software implementation. This can be viewed as a positive outcome given that the focus of the Decision Support System during the studied period was on increasing user experience, rather than fleet plan mathematical optimization. The research results indicate that switching to a digital tool marketed as more scalable and increasingly optimization-based does not create a substantial operational risk for the maritime shipping company as measured by the tracked KPI.nhhma

Vétérinaires

National audienceCe document est constitué de deux éléments : La définition du terme "Vétérinaires" et la liste de l'ensemble des termes présents dans le "Dictionnaire des risques psychosociaux

Épuisement professionnel : principales approches conceptuelles, cliniques et psychométriques

Nos remerciements aux Editions Armand Colin qui nous ont donné l'autorisation de mettre en ligne ce chapitre de l'ouvrage "Épuisement professionnel : Approches innovantes et pluridisciplinaires" : http://hal-ensmp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00845868National audienceL'épuisement professionnel, ou burnout, n'est évidemment pas un syndrome nouveau. L'Ancien Testament mentionne déjà l'épuisement du prophète Elie à l'issue des combats qu'il a livrés pour défendre sa foi contre les adorateurs de Baal (Livres des Rois, 17-22), ou celui de Moïse, exténué et tenté par la mort lors de la traversée du Désert (Livre des Nombres, 11, 4-6). En 1770, le médecin suisse Samuel Auguste Tissot esquisse quelques portraits saisissants d'intellectuels littéralement morts à la tâche (Tissot, 1770). En 1911, Siegbert Schneider décrit quant à lui dans l'Oberpfälzer Schulanzeiger un type de " neurasthénie " affectant les instituteurs, dont les symptômes, très variables, englobaient troubles du sommeil, hypersensibilité cutanée, auditive et visuelle, migraines, fatigue, troubles de l'attention et de la concentration, affaiblisement des performances, abattement, irritabilité, troubles de l'appétit et incapacité de travail (Körner, 2002, p. 14). Myers propose entre-deux-guerres la notion de " fatigue industrielle " (Myers, 1921) ; et en 1956, la description d'une névrose particulièrement spectaculaire des téléphonistes ouvre la voie à une nouvelle discipline : la psychopathologie du travail (Le Guillant, 1956)

Ultrasonic Disintegration of Sewage Sludge to Increase Biogas Generation

The value of methane fermentation in sewage sludge treatment is well established. It causes volume reduction, improves stability, destroys pathogens, and increases the amount of biogas obtained, which can be used as an energy source. Ultrasound treatment destroys cell membrane continuity, increasing the bioavailability of the soluble fraction of organic matter, which contributes to the intensification of hydrolysis. This paper presents the investigations concerning the influence of ultrasonic pretreatment of sewage sludge on the effectiveness of 25-day stabilization process. In the first series untreated sludge was used, and for the second and third series the following treatment parameters were applied: ultrasonic field amplitude 39.25 μm and sonification time 5 or 10 minutes. During the investigation unitary biogas production of 9.8 L g–1 VSS and 6.29 L g–1 VSS was obtained, for sonication time 10 and 5 minutes, respectively. Biogas generation from unconditioned and stabilized sludge was 4.43 L g–1 VSS

Investigation of an Advanced Cellulose Profile Used for the Manufacture of Gating Systems

The herein paper contains the results of investigations on a new type of cellulose blend used for the manufacture of profiles applied in the process of making gating systems in the foundry industry. A standard cellulose profile was subjected to an experiment. During the experiment the profile was filled with a liquid cast iron and at the same time the temperatures of the liquid metal crystallizing inside the profile were measured as well as the temperature of the outer layer of the profile was controlled. Further, the microstructure of the cast iron, which crystallized out inside the cellulose profile, was analysed and the cellulose, thermally degraded after the experiment, was verified with the use of the chemical analysis method. Moreover, a quality analysis of the original as well as the degraded cellulose profile was run with the use of the FTIR infrared spectroscopy. The presented results revealed that the cellulose blend is aluminium silicate enriched and contains organic binder additives. The cast iron, which crystallized out, tended to have an equilibrium pearlitic structure with the release of graphite and carbides. The generation of disequilibrium ausferrite phases was also observed in the structure

Macrophage Polarization And Nitric Oxide Mechanisms In Lymphatic Dysfunction In A Rat Model Of Metabolic Syndrome

Metabolic syndrome (MetSyn) is the clustering of multiple metabolic disorders that further increase the risk for cardiovascular disease and has been recently linked to poor lymphatic function. The lymphatic system plays a crucial role in maintaining oncotic balance and returning excess fluid and macromolecules back to the blood circulation. In this dissertation we addressed the role of macrophage polarization and nitric oxide mechanisms in lymphatic dysfunction in a rat model of MetSyn. We hypothesized that mesenteric lymphatic vessel dysfunction would be associated with a polarization switch of resident macrophages after induction of peritonitis or metabolic syndrome. We used an intra-peritoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to simulate peritonitis in the rat and a seven-week high fructose-feeding regime to induce the MetSyn. We distinguished macrophage polarization and recruitment to the lymphatic collecting vessels using immunofluorescence and a combination of CD163, CD206, and major histocompatibility complex II (MHCII) expression. We determined the intrinsic mesenteric lymphatic contractility using the isolated mesenteric lymphatic vessel isobaric preparation. LPS-induced peritonitis increased the macrophage accumulation two fold and increased both CD163+CD206+ and CD163-CD206+ cell populations and had severely impaired lymphatic contractility. We also found evidence for a phenotype switch from CD163+MHCII- M2 macrophages to a M1 skewed CD163+MHCII+ phenotype in the MetSyn rats and impaired lymphatic contractility. Additionally, cultured lymphatic endothelial and muscle cells were found to express macrophage maturation and expansion markers in response to LPS stimulation. We also examined the role of nitric oxide in the contractile regulation of lymphatic thoracic ducts isolated from MetSyn rats. We found a reduced flow-dependent inhibition of contractility in metabolic syndrome thoracic ducts despite a normal response to the exogenous nitric oxide donor S-nitro-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP). The reactive oxygen species scavenging agent 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxyl (TEMPOL) did not restore flow sensitivity, however control vessels treated with the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor L-NG-nitro arginine methyl ester (LNAME) had comparable flow inhibition to MetSyn thoracic ducts. Western blots of thoracic ducts revealed a 60% reduction in the expression of eNOS, which can explain the loss of shear sensitivity. Thus, this study demonstrates the mechanisms that underlie lymphatic dysfunction in the MetSyn