Estimating the deflection of weft yarn in plain woven fabric using yarn pull out test

A simple and practical model has been proposed to calculate the deflection of weft in a plain woven fabric using yarn pull out test. In this modeling, the weft yarn is considered as an elastic beam, which is fixed supported at ends, and deflected at the middle by the normal load applied by the warp. The case of small deflection is adopted to calculate the maximum deflection of weft yarn and to study the shape and geometry of the bent weft. The normal load is estimated from pullout test. Bending rigidity of the weft yarn is calculated from the relation between the bending rigidities of fabric and thread. Five different weft densities have been studied. The shape of actual weft has been studied by microscopic photography from the lateral section of the fabric, and compared to the theoretical deflection curve of weft based on small deflection modeling. The results show that the actual and theoretical curves are reasonably close to each other. The maximum deflection of the weft yarn increases as the weft density (picks/cm) increases. This may be due to the increase in normal load in higher densities of the weft yarns. The results also show that the deviation of theoretical curve from the actual curve increases with the decrease in weft density

Comparison of efficacy and complication of classic and short palmar incision in the patients with carpal tunnel syndrome

چکیده: زمینه و هدف: معمولاً برای درمان جراحی بیماران مبتلا به سندرم تونل‌کارپال از روش برش کلاسیک جراحی باز استفاده می‌شود که منجر به ایجاد اسکار دردناک و عوارض بعد از جراحی و تاخیر در بازتوانی بیمار می‌شود. روش دیگر استفاده از برش کوتاه کف دستی است که به نظر می رسد خسارت وارده کمتری به بافت ها نسبت به روش کلاسیک داشته باشد. هدف از این مطالعه بررسی مقایسه اثربخشی و میزان عوارض این دو روش جراحی می‌باشد. روش‌ بررسی: در یک کارآزمایی بالینی بیماران کاندید عمل جراحی سندرم تونل کارپال بطور تصادفی در دو گروه 51 نفری قرار گرفتند. گروه شاهد به روش برش کلاسیک جراحی باز و گروه آزمون به روش برش کف‌دستی کوتاه تحت عمل جراحی قرار گرفتند. نتایج از نظر میزان عفونت، بروز اسکار جراحی، تندرنس و درد در محل برش جراحی، پارستزی و خواب‌رفتگی اندام، تست تینل (Tinnel) و فالن (Phalen) و بهبود علایم حسی بیمار در دو نوبت 3 هفته و 3 ماه بعد از جراحی ثبت و با استفاده از آزمونهای آماری فیشر، کای دو و t-student مقایسه شدند. یافته‌ها: از نظر بروز عفونت زخم، آسیب به عصب مدیان و شاخه کف‌دستی عصب مذکور، در دو روش موردی دیده نشد. در گروه آزمون و شاهد به ترتیب میزان تندرنس در محل برش جراحی در هفته سوم 8/7 و 8/58 و در ماه سوم 2 و 1/47 (05/0

A new framework for resolving conflicts over transboundary rivers using bankruptcy methods

A novel bankruptcy approach is proposed for resolving transboundary river conflicts in which the total water demand or claim of the riparian parties is more than the available water. Bankruptcy solution methods can allocate the available water to the conflicting parties with respect to their claims. Four commonly used bankruptcy methods in the economic literature are used here to develop new river bankruptcy solution methods for allocating water to the riparian parties of river systems. Given the non-uniform spatial and temporal distribution of water across river basins, the proposed solution methods are formulated as non-linear network flow optimization models to allocate water with respect to time sensitivity of water deliveries at different locations in a river network during the planning horizon. Once allocation optimization solutions are developed, their acceptability and stability must be evaluated. Thus, a new bankruptcy allocation stability index (BASI) is developed for evaluating the acceptability of river bankruptcy solutions. To show how the proposed river bankruptcy framework can be helpful in practice, the suggested methods are applied to a real-world transboundary river system with eight riparians under various hydrologic regimes. Stability analysis based on the proposed stability evaluation method suggests that the acceptability of allocation rules is sensitive to hydrologic conditions and demand values. This finding has an important policy implication suggesting that fixed allocation rules and treaties may not be reliable for securing cooperation over transboundary water resources as they are vulnerable to changing socioeconomic and climatic conditions as well as hydrologic non-stationarity

Developing a Measure of Fatigue for Deaf and Hard of Hearing Students

Fatigue is a prevalent issue in school-aged children and has been shown negatively impact well-being and academic performance. This is especially the case for deaf and hard of hearing (D/HH) students, who must produce greater auditory and visual efforts than their hearing peers, leading to greater levels of cognitive and physical fatigue. At present, there exists no standardized measure of fatigue that can be used in schools to specifically evaluate fatigue in students, let alone those who are D/HH. Such a measure would be incredibly valuable as it would allow for accurate identification of fatigue, allowing for supports and interventions to be implemented. The present research aimed to identify strengths and weaknesses of existing measures of fatigue in order to inform the construction of a measure that would specifically address fatigue in D/HH students. It was found that fatigue has largely been determined to be best assessed using a unidimensional measure with responses based on a 5- or 7-point Likert scale. Additionally, it was found that the development of measures usually follows the same general process. Items included in measures are typically generated based on focus-group interviews, then preliminary items are administered to a test group. Statistical tests are conducted based on the data generated to reduce the number of items, as well as to ensure reliability and validity. The next steps of this research will be to conduct focus group interviews to aid in generating preliminary items. Presented in absentia on April 27, 2020 at "Student Research Day" at MacEwan University in Edmonton, Alberta. (Conference cancelled) Faculty Mentor: Natalia Rohatyn-Martin Department: Biological Science

The perspectives of faculty around factors affecting the development and sustainability of educational scholarship: A qualitative content analysis

Background: New horizons have been opened for educational excellence in medical universities by commencing the role of scholarship for medical teachers in recent years. The low rate of faculty reception towards educational scholarship and their low interest in continuing scholarly activities indicated a need for the current study. Methods: In this qualitative research, a non-probability purposive sample of thirteen participants(n=13) engaged in two focus group discussions (FGDs), consisting of executors, collaborators, consultants, and referees of university or national educational processes in the last ten years. Participants were asked several critical questions concerning factors affecting educational scholarship development and sustainability. Qualitative content analysis with a conventional approach was used to analyze the data obtained from the discussions. Results: Merging the codes extracted from the two FGD sessions and repeated review yielded 101 codes classified into two themes: educational scholarship development and sustainability. In all, 19 categories were identified: personal commitment, educational requirements, financial support, faculty development, team building, information resources, educational leadership and management, institutional motivation, culture building, individual characteristics, outcome evaluation of educational scholarship, material and spiritual support, mentorship, sustained training, supportive learning environments, curriculum development, organizational administration and leadership, application of results, and publication of results. Conclusion: Our findings show that encouraging educational scholarship among faculty members and ensuring the sustainability of innovative educational processes are influenced by factors rooted in both individual and institutional dynamics