Farm sales and class 1 utilization in Missouri of grade A milk 1961-1963

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Farm sales and class 1 utilization in Missouri of grade A milk 1961-1965

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Pharmacokinetics, Tissue Distribution, Synergistic Activity, and Antitumor Activity of Two Isomeric Flavones

Flavonoids are polyphenolic secondary metabolites found in plants that have bioactive properties including antiviral, antioxidant, and anticancer. Two isomeric flavone were extracted from Gnaphalium elegans and Achyrocline bogotensis, plants used by the people from the Andean region of South America as remedies for cancer. 5,7-dihydroxy-3,6,8-trimethoxy-2-phenyl-4H-chromen-4-one (5, 7–dihydroxy- 3, 6, 8 trimethoxy flavone/ flavone A) and 3,5-dihydroxy-6,7,8-trimethoxy-2-phenyl-4H-chromen-4-one (3, 5–dihydroxy-6, 7, 8–trimethoxy flavone/ flavone B) have shown antineoplastic activity against colon cancer cell lines dependent upon their differentiation status. Pharmacokinetic studies reported herein were used to determine dosing for antitumor assays, as well as determine target tissue concentration. These included the development of methods to extract the flavones from plasma or colon tissue and reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography methods for quantification. Quantification methods were linear (r2 ≥ 0.99) with plasma calibration curves ranging from 250 - 2,500 ng/mL and 2,500 - 100,000 ng/mL for both flavones and colon calibration curves ranging from 250 – 100,000 ng/g (flavone A) and 1,000-25,000 ng/g (flavone B). Intravenous administration of a 20 mg/kg dose in rats yielded half-lives of 83.68 ± 56.61 and 107.45 ± 53.31 minutes with clearance values of 12.99 ± 13.78 and 80.79 ± 35.06 mL/min/kg for flavones A and B, respectively. Analysis of colon tissue yielded concentrations of 1639 ± 601 ng/g (flavone A) and 5975 ± 2480 ng/g (flavone B), suggesting both may be good candidate for individual or adjunct therapy for colon cancer due to distribution to the target tissue. Preliminary studies in colon cancer cells CaCo 2 and HCT 116 using either flavone in combination with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) suggested synergistic activity of these compounds. The combination treatment increased induction of apoptosis by enhancing the DNA damaging mechanism of 5-FU. In vivo, preliminary xenograft experiments using HCT 116 cells showed smaller tumors in mice dosed with flavone B as compared to the 5-FU or combination treatment. Further experiments are warranted to confirm these observations

The use of a diagnostic spelling test in the analysis of spelling problems

From the first attempt to standardize English spelling In the eighteenth century, to the present, the problem of spelling has caused much concern, comment, criticism, and discussion. The absence of any practical diagnostic tool which would enable educators and clinicians to discover the type of disabilities of those with whom they come In professional contact and the causes for the spelling disabilities prompted this study

An analysis of the characteristic duties of a settlement house executive

Thesis (Ed.M.)--Boston Universit

Student Reports of Physical and Psychological Maltreatment in Schools: An Under Explored Aspect of Student Victimization in Schools

Purpose This study examined the extent to which students reported that adults in a school setting had mistreated them. Specifically, this study provides findings on the students’ perceptions of the extent to which they were the victims of physical maltreatment and psychological maltreatment during their school careers. The study investigated whether the types or frequency of maltreatment was related to demographic characteristics of the student (i.e., race and gender). Methods The sample (N = 50) was composed of students in alternative education schools in the southeastern U.S. during the 2004-2005 school year. Students reported the frequency and types of maltreatment involving adult educators they experienced. A revised version of the Student Alienation and Trauma Survey (SATS) was utilized. Students also described their worst school experience. Results Eighty-six percent of students (n = 43) reported at least one incident of physical maltreatment by an adult educator; 88 % (n = 44) reported at least one incident of psychological maltreatment. The most frequently reported types of maltreatment perpetrated by adult educators included the following: prohibited from using the bathroom, grabbed, pushed, yelled at, disciplined unfairly, and isolated from peers. Sixty-four percent (n = 29) of students reported that an adult was involved in their worst school experience. Of these students, 43% (n = 19) reported that the experience upset him/her a lot . Students’ descriptions included the following: being pushed into vending machines,being told by a teacher that she dressed like a whore , being forced to urinate on himself because an educator refused to permit him to go to the bathroom, and being cussed at by a bus driver. A multiple regression analyses indicated that gender and race combined accounted for 21% of the variance in physical maltreatment, adjusted R squared = .21, F (2, 47) = 7.54, p \u3c .01. There was a significant effect of race on physical maltreatment, B = - 5.30, t (2, 47) = -3.86, p \u3c .01, two tailed. Controlling for gender, minority students reported experiencing more physical maltreatment than whites. Gender did not account for a significant amount of the variability, B = -.77, t (2, 47) -.45, p = .65, two tailed. Gender and race combined accounted for 11% of the variance in psychological maltreatment, adjusted R squared = .11, F (2, 47) = 3.92, p = .03. More specifically, race accounted for a significant amount of the variability in the psychological maltreatment score, B = -5.58, t (2, 47) = -2.76, p = .01, two tailed. Gender did not account for a significant amount of the variability, B = 1.17, t (2, 47) = .47, p = .64, two tailed. Implications Results from this study indicated that students experience a range of physical and psychological abuse at the hands of adult educators. The findings suggest that additional protections are needed in schools to prevent educators from misusing their positions of authority. Social workers should advocate for the inclusion of information about adult to student maltreatment in school violence prevention programs. Findings suggest that adult to student maltreatment in schools must be more thoroughly and systematically investigated in future research

“But I Only Wanted Them to Conform”: A Detailed Look into the Initial Cohort of Girls at the Indiana Reformatory Institution for Women and Girls between 1873 and 1884

For the past four years, as part of a group of currently and formerly incarcerated scholars, we have researched the “inmates” and staff at the Indiana Women’s Prison during the institution’s first decade. Then known as the Indiana Reformatory Institution for Women and Girls, the facility was located near downtown Indianapolis on Randolph and Michigan Street. We focused on a key constituent of the Indiana Reformatory for Women and Girls: the girls themselves, heretofore voiceless and uninvestigated. Our primary sources include the annual reports of the reformatory and the original registries for the girls during the survey period of 1873–1884. Contemporary news articles revealed in-depth details, particularly regarding an investigation launched in 1881 concerning allegations of severe physical abuse on the part of the staff committed against the women and girls. We have also derived information from books and articles written by traditional and current scholars, which provide background on the reformatory movement in the 19th century, particularly regarding juveniles. This information allows us to draw a verbal picture of what the average girl looked like coming into and going out of the facility. We give an account of their days, revealing an extremely strict work and education regimen to which they were forced to adhere. They also received vocational training in domesticity, which was used, in part, to prepare them for being sent out of the prison via the ticket-of-leave system. We will also expound on the evidence of cruelty and abuse that were disguised as love and reformation