Information-analytical system for cities of Perm region spatial development managment

To date, the practice of urban planning and design in Russia is based on the principles of the Soviet planned economy, while the current economic conditions require new approaches. Perm National Research Polytechnic University together with JSC «PROGNOZ», with the financial support of the Perm Region Government during the year of 2013 is developing an integrated spatial development IT-model, which allows the bringing together of socio-economic statistics, real estate state cadastre data, mathematical, statistical and adaptive methods library integrated with GIS under one platform. The main purpose of the system is the improvement of validity of decisions taken in different urban planning types, design improvements of Land Use and Development Regulations and prioritization of the municipal budget allocation. Decision support system is based on the Prognoz Platform (PP) - a next-generation BI platform for building high-tech business applications on a turnkey basis. PP allows to visualize and analyze operational data model and forecast processes. It has its own data warehouse designer which helps to build full-featured industrial BI systems based on the Prognoz Platform. PP Integration with the state information system for urban planning allows consideration of established local and federal law requirements for the quality of the urban environment, the prevailing land use and capabilities of municipal budgets. Model is to be used for the following tasks: Analysis of the effects of the changes in the administrative-territorial division of the region; Optimization of social facilities, taking into account standards of security, transport availability, etc. on the territory; Analysis of the current and future needs of transport infrastructure development, resource security of the region; Justification of the area choice for investment projects, etc. In the first phase the analogs of software that are used to solve problems of this kind, were identified. In the second phase of the model development typology and classification of simulation objects were studied, a list of necessary calculation and performance indicators/indicative indexes were determined, an algorithm providing integration with GIS and a prototype system were created. Prototype testing was conducted for the following tasks: Optimization of social facilities, taking into account federal regulations and budgetary constraints: selection of the site for the construction of a new school in the city; Justification of the energy infrastructure development scenario by combining mining settlements of Kizelovskoe and Gremyachinskoe municipal districts of Perm Region; Land Use Plan development for new residential area in New Lyady, Perm The next step of the analysis implies specifically housing and social infrastructure development challenges arising at the local government level, for the solution of which it is expedient to use the created model

Study of the Relationship of Processes of Socio-Economic and Spatial Development of the City with the Help of Information and Analysis System Based on PROGNOZ Platform

Information technology has become the best direction in all branches of activity in developed and developing countries - from the optimization and automation of manufacturing industry to the electronic database for schools and universities, and urban planning sphere is no exception. In Russia there is a comprehensive database of development areas – the information system for urban development (ISOGD). The main goal of ISOGD is to provide public authorities, local governments, individuals and legal entities with relevant and reliable information, necessary for the implementation of urban planning projects, investment and other economic activities. At the moment this data is not used for the analysis of urban areas and to support the adoption of urban planning decisions. In connection with this aspect, we have begun to develop a software product – information-analytical system (IAS). This analytical software combines overall socio-economic statistics, the data of the state cadastre of real estate, legal and regulatory framework of the federal and municipal level in the field of urban planning, GIS and PROGNOZ-PLATFORM software. This article presents the results of research and practical work considering the case of Novye Lyady microdistrict, which represent a part of comprehensive test problem of functional development (public and residential functions) forecasting of the selected areas throughout urban territory. Within this article the solution to the benchmark problem using the IAS and Perm ISOGD is shown: investigation the possibility of development consolidation taking into account the maximum feasible housing density

Harmonizing and combining existing land cover/land use datasets for cropland area monitoring at the African continental scale

Mapping cropland areas is of great interest in diverse fields, from crop monitoring to climate change and food security. Recognizing the value of a reliable and harmonized crop mask that entirely covers the African continent, the objectives of this study were to (i) consolidate the best existing land cover/land use datasets, (ii) adapt the Land Cover Classification System (LCCS) for harmonization, (iii) assess the final product, and (iv) compare the final product with two existing datasets. Ten datasets were compared and combined through an expert-based approach to create the derived map of cropland areas at 250m covering the whole of Africa. The resulting cropland mask was compared with two recent cropland extent maps at 1km: one derived from MODIS and one derived from five existing products. The accuracy of the three products was assessed against a validation sample of 3591 pixels of 1km regularly distributed over Africa and interpreted using high resolution images, which were collected using the Geo-Wiki tool. The comparison of the resulting crop mask with existing products shows that it has a greater agreement with the expert validation dataset, in particular for places where the cropland represents more than 30% of the area of the validation pixel.JRC.H.4-Monitoring Agricultural Resource

A Vectorial Capacity Product to Monitor Changing Malaria Transmission Potential in Epidemic Regions of Africa

Rainfall and temperature are two of the major factors triggering malaria epidemics in warm semi-arid (desert-fringe) and high altitude (highland-fringe) epidemic risk areas. The ability of the mosquitoes to transmit Plasmodium spp. is dependent upon a series of biological features generally referred to as vectorial capacity. In this study, the vectorial capacity model (VCAP) was expanded to include the influence of rainfall and temperature variables on malaria transmission potential. Data from two remote sensing products were used to monitor rainfall and temperature and were integrated into the VCAP model. The expanded model was tested in Eritrea and Madagascar to check the viability of the approach. The analysis of VCAP in relation to rainfall, temperature and malaria incidence data in these regions shows that the expanded VCAP correctly tracks the risk of malaria both in regions where rainfall is the limiting factor and in regions where temperature is the limiting factor. The VCAP maps are currently offered as an experimental resource for testing within Malaria Early Warning applications in epidemic prone regions of sub-Saharan Africa. User feedback is currently being collected in preparation for further evaluation and refinement of the VCAP model

Harmonizing and combining existing land cover and land use datasets for cropland area monitoring at the African continental scale

Mapping cropland areas is of great interest in diverse fields, from crop monitoring to climate change and food security. Recognizing the value of a reliable and harmonized crop mask that entirely covers the African continent, the objectives of this study were to (i) consolidate the best existing land cover/land use datasets, (ii) adopt the Land Cover Classification System (LCCS) for harmonization and (iii) assess the final product. Ten datasets were compared and combined through an expert-based approach to create the derived map of cropland areas at 250m covering the whole of Africa. The resulting cropland mask was compared with two recent cropland extent maps at 1km: one derived from MODIS and one derived from five existing products. The accuracy of the three products was assessed against a validation sample of 3591 pixels of 1km² regularly distributed over Africa and interpreted using high resolution images, which were collected using the agriculture.geo.wiki.org tool. The comparison of the resulting crop mask with existing products shows that it has a greater agreement with the expert validation dataset, in particular for cropland above 30%.JRC.H.4-Monitoring Agricultural Resource

Interannual variability of CO2 fluxes, growth and yield by a winter wheat crop (Triticum aestivum L.)

In this study, two winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cropping seasons were compared at the Lonzée (Belgium) experimental site. The site, crop management, sowing and harvest dates were similar on the two years. The main difference between the seasons was due to to climate conditions. Continuous eddy-covariance fluxes, leaf scale photosynthesis measurements and crop development monitoring were performed during the whole vegetation periods. Globally, the two years were characterised by a higher than normal air temperature (9.9 °C and 11.9 °C respectively against 9.4 °C for standard) and lower than normal rainfalls (595.1 mm and 675.1 mm respectively against 772 mm for standard). In addition, the second season (2006-2007) was characterised by an exceptionally mild winter, dry and hot conditions in April and by humid and cloudy conditions during the last vegetation phases. These particular conditions induced earlier growth stages and the comparison of global fluxes gives contrasting results: gross primary productivity (GPP) was larger in 2007 but, on the contrary, net primary productivity (NPP) and crop productivity were lower on this year. The bad yields could be explained, on one hand by the drought in April 2007 that induced abnormally small flag leaves, on the other hand by cloudy and humid conditions from end May to harvest, that induced an assimilation reduction due to low radiation and favoured disease development. The simultaneous higher GPP and lower NPP and productivity in 2006-2007 raise the question of carbon allocation. It suggests that the excess carbon assimilated in 2006-2007 was not stored in grain or straw and thus that it would have been stored in the roots or in vegetation parts that decompose before the harvest. Further biomass measurements (and especially root biomass) are necessary to confirm this hypothesis.Impact de la gestion culturale et du climat sur les flux de CO2, le développement et le rendement de grandes culture

Impact of climatic conditions on a winter wheat (Triticum aestivum Sp.) crop : interannual variability of CO2 fluxes, plant growth and crop yield

This study analyses the interannual variability of carbon dioxide fluxes, growth and productivity of a winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) crop. Two growing seasons (2004-2005 and 2006-2007) were compared. Continuous eddy covariance fluxes, leaf scale photosynthesis measurements and crop development monitoring were performed during the two vegetation seasons until harvest at the Lonzée (Belgium) experimental site. The winter wheat was sown and harvested at similar dates (about mid-October and in early August); crop management by the farmer was similar and corresponded at standard. Globally, the two years were characterised by a higher than normal air temperature (9.9 °C and 11.9 °C against 9.4 °C) and lower than normal rainfalls (595.1 mm and 675.1 mm against 772 mm). In addition, 2006-2007 was characterised by exceptionally mild and dry winter and spring. This induced not only earlier growth stages but also a larger Gross Primary Productivity. On the contrary, lower Net Primary Productivity and crop productivity were observed on this year. This could be explained, on one hand by the drought in April 2007 and on the other hand to cloudy and humid conditions from end May to harvest. The first induced a stress in wheat plant which produced an unusually small flag leaf. The second induced an assimilation reduction due to low radiation and favoured disease development. The higher GPP and the lower productivity in 2006-2007 raise the question of carbon allocation. We supposed that, as the excess of carbon assimilated in 2006-2007 was not stored in grain or straw, it should have been stored in the roots. However, our biomass measurements did not allow confirming this hypothesi

Interannual variability of CO2 fluxes and yield by a winter wheat crop (Triticum aestivum L.)

In this study, two winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cropping seasons were compared at the Lonzée (Belgium) experimental site. The site, crop management, sowing and harvest dates were similar on the two years. The main difference between the seasons was due to to climate conditions. Continuous eddy-covariance fluxes, leaf scale photosynthesis measurements and crop development monitoring were performed during the whole vegetation periods. Globally, the two years were characterised by a higher than normal air temperature (9.9 °C and 11.9 °C respectively against 9.4 °C for standard) and lower than normal rainfalls (595.1 mm and 675.1 mm respectively against 772 mm for standard). In addition, the second season (2006-2007) was characterised by an exceptionally mild winter, dry and hot conditions in April and by humid and cloudy conditions during the last vegetation phases. These particular conditions induced earlier growth stages and the comparison of global fluxes gives contrasting results: gross primary productivity (GPP) was larger in 2007 but, on the contrary, net primary productivity (NPP) and crop productivity were lower on this year. The bad yields could be explained, on one hand by the drought in April 2007 that induced abnormally small flag leaves, on the other hand by cloudy and humid conditions from end May to harvest, that induced an assimilation reduction due to low radiation and favoured disease development. The simultaneous higher GPP and lower NPP and productivity in 2006-2007 raise the question of carbon allocation. It suggests that the excess carbon assimilated in 2006-2007 was not stored in grain or straw and thus that it would have been stored in the roots or in vegetation parts that decompose before the harvest. Further biomass measurements (and especially root biomass) are necessary to confirm this hypothesis.Impact de la gestion culturale et du climat sur les flux de CO2, le développement et le rendement de grandes culture

Method for in-field texture analysis of sugar beet roots using a handheld penetrometer

Methodology for analysing textural properties of sugar beet roots in the laboratory has previously been established. It has been shown to be reliable and of value in exploring relationships between textural properties, damage rates, and storability of varieties. In this paper, a methodology for the assessment of textural properties in-field, prior to harvest, using an inexpensive handheld penetrometer is examined. Three sugar beet varieties were grown in Belgium, the Netherlands, and Sweden during 2019. Textural properties were assessed in-field with the handheld penetrometer 2, 1 and 0 months prior to harvest, and with the laboratory penetrometer directly after harvest. Comparison of the results showed generally strong correlations. A power analysis suggests a difference in mean Handheld Pressure of 0.10 MPa could be found significant within a large trial with a block design. The reliability of the handheld penetrometer was further assessed in the Swedish national variety trials over three years (2019-2021). Correlation coefficients of 0.86 and 0.94 were found between mean Handheld Pressure for 2019 and 2020, and 2020 and 2021 respectively. The handheld penetrometer can be applied as an economic means of quantifying differences in textural properties of sugar beet varieties. Clear operating procedure and training must exist