Monte Carlo Simulations for BSM Physics and Precision Higgs Physics at the LHC

Monte Carlo event generators are indispensable tools for the interpretation of data taken at particle collider experiments like the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), the most powerful particle collider to date. In this thesis, the general purpose Monte Carlo event generator Sherpa is used to implement a new simulation framework for models that go beyond the Standard Model of particle physics. This is achieved by means of an newly designed interface to a universal format for generic models and by extending existing functionalities in such a way as to handle a generic class of coupling structures that appear in many extensions of the Standard Model. Furthermore, an improved modeling of the dominant LHC Higgs pro- duction mechanism in the Standard Model is described and the effects of the improvements are quantified. The improved simulation that is implemented in Sherpa supplements the description of Higgs production at the LHC in terms of an effective Higgs-gluon interaction with finite top quark mass effects that restore a reliable description of the kinematics in events with large momentum transfers. Using this improved description of Higgs production at the LHC, this work demonstrates how the transverse momentum spectrum of the Higgs boson can be used to constrain models that modify the Higgs-gluon coupling. In addition, state-of-the-art Monte Carlo event generation techniques are used in order to assess the sensitivity of analysis strategies in the search for invisibly decaying Higgs bosons. In this analysis, it was found that previously neglected loop-induced contributions have a significant impact and it is demonstrated how multi-jet merging techniques can be used to obtain a reliable description of these contributions. Furthermore, the work presented in the last chapter of this thesis shows how jet substructure techniques can be used in order to search for rare Higgs decays into light resonances that decay further into hadrons. This analysis closes with a demonstration on how such an analysis can be used to constrain extensions of the Standard Model that feature multiple Higgs bosons

The Making of a Muslim Reformer: Muḥammad al-Ghazālī (1917-1996) and Islam in Postcolonial Egypt, 1947-1967

This is an intellectual biography of the classically trained Egyptian Muslim scholar, Muḥammad al-Ghazālī (1917-1996). A one-time leading intellectual of Egypt’s influential Islamic organization, the Muslim Brotherhood, Ghazālī was a popular author with a vast public following. Although his ideas have shaped the trajectories of various Islamic groups that emerged in Egypt during the 1970s “Islamic Revival,” he remains understudied. Through an analysis of his writings, this study presents a novel account on modern Islamic political thought, arguing that its sources extend well beyond what the secondary literature, as well as Muslims today, portray as the mainstays of the Islamic tradition—that is, the Qur’ān, the Sunna (Prophetic traditions), and fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence). In contrast, it places Sufism and Islamic philosophy, or more specifically Islamic philosophical ethics, at the heart of Ghazālī’s modern-day political critiques. Additionally, it moves beyond the scholarly narrative that depicts contemporary Islamic political thought as simply Islamic reformulations of concepts and categories derived from modern Western social thought. By examining Ghazālī’s considerable interest in Euro-American self-help, spiritualism, and psychical research, it shows how his engagement with these new forms of religion was mediated by Islamic theological concepts, which he deployed to not only make sense of his interlocutors’ claims, but also correct and build upon their work. In highlighting the corrective and productive impulse behind his engagement with Euro-American thought, it demonstrates that Ghazālī was not merely an assimilator of Western ideas, but rather a contributor to a global project of rethinking the human potential

サブクリニカルクッシング症候群における有意な夜間尿中遊離コルチゾールの排泄増加

Objective: Absence of a late-night cortisol nadir is a consistent biochemical abnormality in patients with cortisol-producing adenoma. We evaluated the abnormality of late-night urinary free cortisol to creatinine ratio (late-night UFCCR) in patients with subclinical Cushing's syndrome (SCS). Methods: Fifty-eight patients with incidentally detected adrenocortical adenomas [SCS: 9; nonfunctioning adenoma (NF): 49] were enrolled as subjects. Values measured in all patients were urinary free cortisol accumulated between 9:00 p.m. and 11:00 p.m. (late-night UFCCR), serum cortisol at 11:00 p.m. (midnight serum cortisol: MSC), serum cortisol after 1-mg overnight dexamethasone suppression test (1 mg-DST) and 24-h urinary free cortisol (UFC). Results: Median late-night UFCCR value in SCS was significantly higher than that in NF (P < 0.001). Significant correlations were observed between late-night UFCCR and each of serum cortisol after 1 mg-DST and MSC (r = 0.537, P < 0.001 and r = 0.556, P < 0.001, respectively). There was no significant correlation between serum cortisol after 1 mg-DST and 24-h UFC (r = 0.211, P = 0.112). In receiver operating characteristic analysis for diagnosis of SCS, the areas under the curves of latenight UFCCR and 24-h UFC were 0.937 (95% confidence interval 0.865-1.008) and 0.726 (0.874-0.999), respectively. Late-night UFCCR cut-off value of 4.9 nmol/μmol Cre showed a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 76.6%. Conclusion: Patients with SCS showed higher late-night UFCCR values than those with NF. Late-night UFCCR was significantly correlated with autonomous cortisol production findings. Diagnostic performance of late-night UFCCR was superior to 24-h UFC. These results suggest that late-night UFCCR might represent one of the simple and reliable tests for SCS diagnosis.広島大学(Hiroshima University)博士(医学)Philosophy in Medical Sciencedoctora

Analisis Pengaruh Komposısı Kepemılıkan Terhadap Manajemen Laba

The basis for the findings of this study is of course based on an objective of analyzing the factors that influence family ownership, institutional ownership, and blockholder ownership on earnings management. These factors can affect earnings management. A purposive sampling approach was used to select a sample of 228 public finance companies from 2017 to 2021 that are listed on the IDX. Of course, this study uses the panel data regression method which combines cross-sectional and time series data. Among the techniques used are outlier tests, descriptive statistics, F and t tests, and R2 tests. This study is based on a random effects model (REM). The results of the research base interpret that family ownership and institutional ownership are certainly able to have a significant positive influence on earnings management, but blockholder ownership is not necessarily able to have a significant influence on earnings management.Landasan temuan penelitian ini tentunya berlandaskan atas suatu tujuan menganalisa faktor yang memberi pengaruh kepemilikan keluarga, kepemilikan institusional, beserta kepemilikan blockholder terhadap manajemen laba. Faktor-faktor tersebut dapat mempengaruhi manajemen laba. Pendekatan pemilihan purposive sampling digunakan untuk memilih sampel 228 perusahaan keuangan publik dari tahun 2017 hingga 2021 yang terdaftar di BEI. Penelitian ini tentunya mempergunakan metode regresi data panel yang mempergabungkan data cross sectional dan time series. Diantara teknik yang digunakan adalah uji outlier, statistik deskriptif, uji F dan t, dan uji R2. Penelitian ini didasarkan pada model efek acak (REM). Hasil landasan penelitian mengintrepretasikan bahwa kepemilikan keluarga dan kepemilikan institusional tentunya mampu memberi pengaruh signifikan positif terhadap manajemen laba, namun kepemilikan blockholder tidak tentunya mampu memberi pengaruh signifikan terhadap manajemen laba

Whole-Genome Profiling of a Novel Mutagenesis Technique Using Proofreading-Deficient DNA Polymerase δ

A novel mutagenesis technique using error-prone DNA polymerase δ (polδ), the disparity mutagenesis model of evolution, has been successfully employed to generate novel microorganism strains with desired traits. However, little else is known about the spectra of mutagenic effects caused by disparity mutagenesis. We evaluated and compared the performance of the polδMKII mutator, which expresses the proofreading-deficient and low-fidelity polδ, in Saccharomyces cerevisiae haploid strain with that of the commonly used chemical mutagen ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS). This mutator strain possesses exogenous mutant polδ supplied from a plasmid, tthereby leaving the genomic one intact. We measured the mutation rate achieved by each mutagen and performed high-throughput next generation sequencing to analyze the genome-wide mutation spectra produced by the 2 mutagenesis methods. The mutation frequency of the mutator was approximately 7 times higher than that of EMS. Our analysis confirmed the strong G/C to A/T transition bias of EMS, whereas we found that the mutator mainly produces transversions, giving rise to more diverse amino acid substitution patterns. Our present study demonstrated that the polδMKII mutator is a useful and efficient method for rapid strain improvement based on in vivo mutagenesis