21 research outputs found

    Monitoreo de los avances en desarrollo urbano: an谩lisis de los catastros de 谩reas verdes urbanas en el 脕rea Metropolitana de Santiago, Chile

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    Advances in urban development goals can be measured through indicator systems. The Chilean National Council for Urban Development (CNDU) has proposed a set of indicators to monitor the progress of Chilean cities towards the goals proposed by the National Urban Development Policy, incorporating issues associated to urban green spaces (UGS) in two areas of evaluation: access urban amenities, and urban environmental quality. This article aims to contribute to the analysis of the processes of information collection, data processing and construction of updated indicators of urban development in Chile by identifying the challenges posed by the implementation of a complex system of urban development monitoring. The study focuses on identifying, analyzing and comparing the UGS cadastres of the AMS generated by public institutions, to assess whether they can feed evidence-based design processes for public policy, and the development of a monitoring system of the advances in urban development. Analysis is based on the UGS cadastres carried out in the Metropolitan Area of Santiago between 1992 and 2016 by identifying the responsible institutions, the sources of information and the data obtaining and validating methods. Results show that these cadastres are not comparable to each other, as they use different criteria for the UGS identification and classification, different data sources and collection methods. The fragmentation of decision-making regarding UGS generates inconsistent information, hindering the evaluation of public policy results. The effective implementation of the system of indicators proposed by the CNDU will require the generation of a solid, up-to-date and transparent information basis, prepared by relevant institutions, and validated by proper procedures.Los avances en metas de desarrollo urbano pueden medirse a trav茅s de sistemas de indicadores. En Chile, el Consejo Nacional de Desarrollo Urbano (CNDU) ha propuesto un set de indicadores para monitorear los avances en las metas propuestas por la Pol铆tica Nacional de Desarrollo Urbano e incorpora aspectos asociados a 谩reas verdes urbanas (AVU), los cuales se incluyen en dos l铆neas de evaluaci贸n: acceso a equipamientos urbanos y calidad ambiental. Este art铆culo busca aportar al an谩lisis de los procesos de recolecci贸n de informaci贸n, procesamiento de datos y construcci贸n de indicadores actualizados de desarrollo urbano en Chile, mediante un estudio que permita identificar los desaf铆os que plantea la implementaci贸n de un sistema complejo de monitoreo del desarrollo urbano. Se enfoca en identificar, analizar y comparar los catastros de 谩reas verdes urbanas (AVU) del AMS que han sido generados por instituciones p煤blicas, de manera de evaluar si pueden alimentar procesos de elaboraci贸n de pol铆ticas p煤blicas basadas en evidencia y el desarrollo de un sistema de monitoreo de los avances en desarrollo urbano. Para ello se revisaron los catastros de AVU realizados en el 脕rea Metropolitana de Santiago entre 1992 y 2016, identificando a las instituciones responsables, las fuentes de informaci贸n y los m茅todos de obtenci贸n y validaci贸n de los datos. Los resultados muestran que los catastros no son comparables entre s铆, que utilizan distintos criterios para la identificaci贸n y clasificaci贸n de AVU, distintos m茅todos de toma de datos, y varios catastros carecen de validaci贸n. La fragmentaci贸n de la toma de decisiones respecto de las AVU genera informaci贸n incongruente, dificultando la evaluaci贸n de los resultados de las pol铆ticas p煤blicas y de las inversiones realizadas. La efectiva implementaci贸n del sistema de indicadores propuestos por el CNDU requerir谩 generar una base de informaci贸n s贸lida, actualizada y transparente, elaborada por instituciones pertinentes y validadas mediante procedimientos adecuados

    Monitoreo de los avances en desarrollo urbano: an谩lisis de los catastros de 谩reas verdes urbanas en el 脕rea Metropolitana de Santiago, Chile

    No full text
    Advances in urban development goals can be measured through indicator systems. The Chilean National Council for Urban Development (CNDU) has proposed a set of indicators to monitor the progress of Chilean cities towards the goals proposed by the National Urban Development Policy, incorporating issues associated to urban green spaces (UGS) in two areas of evaluation: access urban amenities, and urban environmental quality. This article aims to contribute to the analysis of the processes of information collection, data processing and construction of updated indicators of urban development in Chile by identifying the challenges posed by the implementation of a complex system of urban development monitoring. The study focuses on identifying, analyzing and comparing the UGS cadastres of the AMS generated by public institutions, to assess whether they can feed evidence-based design processes for public policy, and the development of a monitoring system of the advances in urban development. Analysis is based on the UGS cadastres carried out in the Metropolitan Area of Santiago between 1992 and 2016 by identifying the responsible institutions, the sources of information and the data obtaining and validating methods. Results show that these cadastres are not comparable to each other, as they use different criteria for the UGS identification and classification, different data sources and collection methods. The fragmentation of decision-making regarding UGS generates inconsistent information, hindering the evaluation of public policy results. The effective implementation of the system of indicators proposed by the CNDU will require the generation of a solid, up-to-date and transparent information basis, prepared by relevant institutions, and validated by proper procedures.Los avances en metas de desarrollo urbano pueden medirse a trav茅s de sistemas de indicadores. En Chile, el Consejo Nacional de Desarrollo Urbano (CNDU) ha propuesto un set de indicadores para monitorear los avances en las metas propuestas por la Pol铆tica Nacional de Desarrollo Urbano e incorpora aspectos asociados a 谩reas verdes urbanas (AVU), los cuales se incluyen en dos l铆neas de evaluaci贸n: acceso a equipamientos urbanos y calidad ambiental. Este art铆culo busca aportar al an谩lisis de los procesos de recolecci贸n de informaci贸n, procesamiento de datos y construcci贸n de indicadores actualizados de desarrollo urbano en Chile, mediante un estudio que permita identificar los desaf铆os que plantea la implementaci贸n de un sistema complejo de monitoreo del desarrollo urbano. Se enfoca en identificar, analizar y comparar los catastros de 谩reas verdes urbanas (AVU) del AMS que han sido generados por instituciones p煤blicas, de manera de evaluar si pueden alimentar procesos de elaboraci贸n de pol铆ticas p煤blicas basadas en evidencia y el desarrollo de un sistema de monitoreo de los avances en desarrollo urbano. Para ello se revisaron los catastros de AVU realizados en el 脕rea Metropolitana de Santiago entre 1992 y 2016, identificando a las instituciones responsables, las fuentes de informaci贸n y los m茅todos de obtenci贸n y validaci贸n de los datos. Los resultados muestran que los catastros no son comparables entre s铆, que utilizan distintos criterios para la identificaci贸n y clasificaci贸n de AVU, distintos m茅todos de toma de datos, y varios catastros carecen de validaci贸n. La fragmentaci贸n de la toma de decisiones respecto de las AVU genera informaci贸n incongruente, dificultando la evaluaci贸n de los resultados de las pol铆ticas p煤blicas y de las inversiones realizadas. La efectiva implementaci贸n del sistema de indicadores propuestos por el CNDU requerir谩 generar una base de informaci贸n s贸lida, actualizada y transparente, elaborada por instituciones pertinentes y validadas mediante procedimientos adecuados

    Landscape analysis for rapid ecological assessment of relocation alternatives for a devastated city An谩lisis del paisaje para la evaluaci贸n ecol贸gica r谩pida de alternativas de relocalizaci贸n de una ciudad devastada

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    After the eruption of the Chait茅n Volcano (Chile) and the destruction of the neighboring Chait茅n city, some alternative sites were evaluated for the relocation of administrative facilities and housing for the displaced. Three towns (Fandango, Santa B谩rbara and Bah铆a Pumal铆n) were evaluated by means of a multi-criteria analysis, including the impact that a new urban development would have on local biodiversity. This impact was evaluated through a landscape analysis. The landscape attributes studied were (1) composition and representation of each ecosystem type, (2) connectivity, and (3) environmental value, based on a classification of the prevailing ecosystems and their respective stages of succession, defined as a function of ecosystem heterogeneity and maturity. Landscape metrics were calculated from LANDSAT 5 satellite imagery (November 17 th, 2008) with ArcView庐 3.2 (ESRI) and Fragstats, including the surface co ver of each ecosystem type, the number of patches and the cohesion in

    Monitoreo de los avances en desarrollo urbano: an谩lisis de los catastros de 谩reas verdes urbanas en el 脕rea Metropolitana de Santiago, Chile

    Get PDF
    Los avances en metas de desarrollo urbano pueden medirse a trav茅s de sistemas de indicadores. En Chile, el Consejo Nacional de Desarrollo Urbano (CNDU) ha propuesto un set de indicadores para monitorear los avances en las metas propuestas por la Pol铆tica Nacional de Desarrollo Urbano e incorpora aspectos asociados a 谩reas verdes urbanas (AVU), los cuales se incluyen en dos l铆neas de evaluaci贸n: acceso a equipamientos urbanos y calidad ambiental. Este art铆culo busca aportar al an谩lisis de los procesos de recolecci贸n de informaci贸n, procesamiento de datos y construcci贸n de indicadores actualizados de desarrollo urbano en Chile, mediante un estudio que permita identificar los desaf铆os que plantea la implementaci贸n de un sistema complejo de monitoreo del desarrollo urbano. Se enfoca en identificar, analizar y comparar los catastros de 谩reas verdes urbanas (AVU) del AMS que han sido generados por instituciones p煤blicas, de manera de evaluar si pueden alimentar procesos de elaboraci贸n de pol铆ticas p煤blicas basadas en evidencia y el desarrollo de un sistema de monitoreo de los avances en desarrollo urbano. Para ello se revisaron los catastros de AVU realizados en el 脕rea Metropolitana de Santiago entre 1992 y 2016, identificando a las instituciones responsables, las fuentes de informaci贸n y los m茅todos de obtenci贸n y validaci贸n de los datos. Los resultados muestran que los catastros no son comparables entre s铆, que utilizan distintos criterios para la identificaci贸n y clasificaci贸n de AVU, distintos m茅todos de toma de datos, y varios catastros carecen de validaci贸n. La fragmentaci贸n de la toma de decisiones respecto de las AVU genera informaci贸n incongruente, dificultando la evaluaci贸n de los resultados de las pol铆ticas p煤blicas y de las inversiones realizadas. La efectiva implementaci贸n del sistema de indicadores propuestos por el CNDU requerir谩 generar una base de informaci贸n s贸lida, actualizada y transparente, elaborada por instituciones pertinentes y validadas mediante procedimientos adecuados

    Vegetation survival and condition in public green spaces after their establishment: Evidence from a semi-arid metropolis

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    Urban vegetation is generally exposed to adverse environmental conditions, such as high temperatures, compacted soils, low fertility, and a high pollutant concentration. The influence of biophysical and social factors on the survival and condition of trees and nontrees was analyzed using a census of plants in 37 green spaces of the Metropolitan Region of Santiago de Chile (MRS) several years after their establishment. The tree survival rate was higher (77%) than that of other species (24%). Survival was primarily explained by municipality management and species selection, but the relevance of these factors differed between trees and nontrees. Species with low water requirements outperformed species that were more sensitive to water stress. A high mechanical damage rate was observed, with 91% of trees showing severe or medium damage. Soil quality was better than expected, with a bulk density less than 1.0 g m(-3) and moderate and high levels of P, and only 8% of sites had low K levels. The N content was highly variable, but most of the sites had levels greater than 20 mg kg(-1), which indicates a trend of accumulation that is consistent with urban soils. More in-depth studies are required to establish the factors that explain plant survival in public spaces of the MRS, and irrigation monitoring is especially needed

    Selecting Graph Metrics with Ecological Significance for Deepening Landscape Characterization: Review and Applications

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    The usual approaches to describing and understanding ecological processes in a landscape use patch-mosaic models based on traditional landscape metrics. However, they do not consider that many of these processes cannot be observed without considering the multiple interactions between different land-use patches in the landscape. The objective of this research was to provide a synthetic overview of graph metrics that characterize landscapes based on patch-mosaic models and to analyze the ecological meaning of the metrics to propose a relevant selection explaining biodiversity patterns and ecological processes. First, we conducted a literature review of graph metrics applied in ecology. Second, a case study was used to explore the behavior of a group of selected graph metrics in actual differentiated landscapes located in a long-term socioecological research site in Brittany, France. Thirteen landscape-scale metrics and 10 local-scale metrics with ecological significance were analyzed. Metrics were grouped for landscape-scale and local-scale analysis. Many of the metrics were able to identify differences between the landscapes studied. Lastly, we discuss how graph metrics offer a new perspective for landscape analysis, describe the main characteristics related to their calculation and the type of information provided, and discuss their potential applications in different ecological contexts
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