L’attualità di Bruno de Finetti nella crisi in corso dell’economia e della teoria economica

La recente pubblicazione di un volume antologico di scritti di Bruno de Finetti, 2015, è l’occasione di discutere su alcuni suoi lavori in materia di sicurezza sociale, già apprezzati molti anni addietro per la capacità che essi hanno di svelare verità preziose con geniale semplicità. Il senso principale del presente articolo non è rievocativo; l’evoluzione anche metodologica avuta dalla disciplina economica nei passati decenni, e più specificamente i modi e i contenuti che hanno caratterizzato il dibattito in materia di stato sociale, fanno ritenere che oggi sia particolarmente utile rammentare l’impostazione generale e gli apporti specifici di de Finetti

Pensioni. Una bomba sociale pronta a esplodere

Oramai da molti anni, nel nostro sistema previdenziale sta maturando una vera e propria “bomba sociale” che va affrontata con urgenza[1]. Le sue origini affondano nella combinazione dei cambiamenti intervenuti nel mercato del lavoro e nel sistema previdenziale a partire dagli anni ’90 e, in particolare, con il passaggio dal metodo retributivo a quello contributivo per il calcolo delle pensioni. Il metodo contributivo, in primo luogo, ha irrigidito il funzionamento del sistema pensionistico: lo ha ancorato alla logica dell’equilibrio attuariale, ma a discapito dell’equità previdenziale; ha uguagliato i tassi di rendimento interni, ma riducendo fortemente le possibilità redistributive. In secondo luogo, da un lato, ha stabilizzato la spesa e, anzi, tende a ridurne l’incidenza sul PIL; d’altro lato, a ciascuna generazione ripropone con più forza per la vecchiaia la stessa distribuzione dei redditi della vita attiva. Non da ultimo, ostacola la possibilità di adattamenti micro e macro delle prestazioni pensionistiche alle condizioni economico-sociali correnti. A quest’ultimo riguardo, va ricordato che i sistemi pensionistici – pubblici o privati, a capitalizzazione o a ripartizione – pur con diversa trasparenza, svolgono la funzione di redistribuire parte del reddito correntemente prodotto dalle generazioni attive a quelle anziane contemporanee

Nature of gravity from the mass profiles of galaxy clusters

My PhD Thesis focused on the derivation of constraints on modified gravity models by combining mass profiles of galaxy clusters, reconstructed through gravitational lensing and internal dynamics as traced by the motion of member galaxies. Modifications of gravity change the relation between the matter density fluctuations and the scalar potentials Phi, Psi in the metric describing the space-time of a galaxy cluster. An accurate measurement of these potentials can be used to investigate deviations from General Relativity (GR) predictions according to which Phi=Psi. Mass profiles from dynamics track only the potential Phi, while the lensing mass profiles reflect the contribution of the sum of the potentials. In the first part of the Thesis I analyse the galaxy clusters MACS J1206 and RXJ 2248 for which high-quality imaging and spectroscopic data have been obtained from the CLASH and CLASH-VLT projects. I combine previous determinations of lensing and dynamics mass profiles for the galaxy cluster MACS J1206 to constrain generic deviation from GR, parametrized by the ratio eta=Psi/Phi, under the assumptions of spherical symmetry and dynamical relaxation. I obtain eta=1.01 with 30% statistical uncertainties in the cluster outskirt at the 68% C.L., in agreement with GR and competitive with constraints from other analyses. I then implement a modified version of the MAMPOSSt procedure (Mamon+13), a method to reconstruct galaxy clusters mass profiles from dynamics by solving the Jeans' equation. I introduce a parametrization of the potential which accounts for a large variety of modified gravity models. As a case study, I determined the total mass profiles from dynamics of the aforementioned clusters in f(R) gravity, combining then the information from the lensing mass reconstruction to constrain the additional degree of freedom of the theory lambda. The larger is lambda the stronger is the departure from GR. In the case of MACSJ 1206 the kinematic+lensing analysis is in agreement with GR, lambda0.14 Mpc at 95% C.L. In order to better understand the nature of this apparent tension, in the last part of the Thesis I preform an analysis of \u39bCDM cosmological simulations of galaxy clusters aimed at investigating the impact of systematic effects. I found that 70% of clusters produce spurious detection of modified gravity when no selection criteria are applied. I then defined two observational parameters, connected to the main systematics affecting the analysis, which help in selecting the suitable clusters for the application of our method. Moreover, I predict that a dozen \u201cregular\u201d clusters with reliable mass profile reconstructions are already sufficient to obtain the tightest constraints on GR deviations reachable with our analysis. This work is particularly interesting in view of the next generation imaging and spectroscopic surveys that will provide data for hundreds of clusters

Testing Screening Mechanisms with Mass Profiles of Galaxy Clusters

We present \textsc{MG-MAMPOSSt}, a license-free code to constrain modified gravity models by reconstructing the mass profile of galaxy clusters with the kinematics of the cluster's member galaxies. We describe the main features of the code and we show the capability of the method when the kinematic information is combined with lensing data. We discuss recent results and forecasts on two classes of models currently implemented in the code, characterized by different screening mechanisms, namely, chameleon and Vainshtein screening. We further explore the impact of possible systematics in view of application to the data from upcoming surveys. This proceedings summarizes the results presented at the ALTECOSMOFUN workshop in September 2021.Comment: Proceedings of the ALTECOSMOFUN'21 conference published in Universe, Issue "Alternative Gravities and Fundamental Cosmology

Oral health in two heterozygote female twins with congenital lactic acidosis

Introduction: Congenital lactic acidosis (CLA) is a rare disease caused by mutations in Mithocondrial DNA (mtDNA), which affects the ability of cells to use energy that causes accumulation of lactic acid in the body. No oral manifestations have been documented in these patients. Methods: We report the oral health status of two young adolescent heterozygote female twins, one of them being diagnosed at 8 weeks of life by muscle biopsy with a severe neonatal form of CLA. In order to avoid biopsy-related complications, the second twin did not undergo a diagnostic procedure and both girls were treated for CLA. They underwent clinical oral health examination at the age of 12, for caries evaluation (diagnostic threshold D1 - early enamel demineralization) by ICDAS II clinical assessment, photographic documentation and fluorescence intra-oral camera. Results: Among the two twins, the CLA-diagnosed one presented with severe enamel carious hypomineralizations on upper and lower vestibular smooth surfaces. Moreover, deep occlusal enamel carious lesions were detected by intra-oral fluorescence camera. The second twin had no obvious decay lesions, neither on pit and fissures nor on vestibular smooth surfaces. Conclusions: Congenital lactic acidosis might be associated with hypomineralized defects and caries susceptibility in young adolescents. Preventive measures and personalized caries risk assessment should be encouraged and implemented in these patients following current caries management systems protocols, as ICCMS (International Caries Classification and Management System)

Treatment Outcomes of the Summer Treatment Program for Children with Adhd and Comorbid Mental Health Diagnoses

Although there is substantial support for the efficacy of the Summer Treatment Program (Pelham, Gnagy et al., 2010) for children diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), limited research has evaluated whether children diagnosed with additional mental health disorders (comorbidity) show positive outcomes and improvements when exposed to an intensive behavior program such as the Summer Treatment Program (STP). Furthermore, there is no research available that shows whether children from differing ages or gender who are diagnosed with additional mental health disorders (comorbidity) show improvements over the course of treatment. With such limited research, this study investigated a few of the questions raised about the treatment outcomes of the STP and whether children diagnosed ADHD, with and without comorbid conditions, have positive treatment outcomes and efficacy differences as a function of comorbidity, gender and age. This particular research study examined archival data from 345 children, aged 6 to 12 years old, who enrolled in a 7-week Summer Treatment Program from the summers of 1999 -- 2012. The dependent variable included the STP point system total weekly points earned from the program utilized as the indicator of the rate of change. A series of mixed-effects regression models were computed with the independent measures for age group, gender comparisons, and ADHD comorbidity to address four research questions. The results of this investigation indicated no significant difference for children diagnosed with ADHD alone in treatment outcomes from those children diagnosed with ADHD comorbidity. Both children with ADHD alone and those with ADHD comorbidity made treatment gains over the course of the program. Secondly, significant differences were found between males and females diagnosed with ADHD comorbidity regarding treatment outcomes, in that females earned significantly more points than males during the summer treatment program. Thirdly, there were no significant age gro

Data acquisition for green roof

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