The institutional framework for financial market policy in the USA seen from an EU perspective

The paper takes a closer look at the institutional set-up of financial markets in the United States of America and investigates whether the US can serve as a model for the EU. The overall conclusion is that the US institutional set-up as a whole does not seem to be a suitable benchmark for the EU as it is the outcome of specific historical, political and economic circumstances, which differ substantially from those in the EU. Nevertheless, there are features which could provide inspiration for further debate on the EU institutional framework, such as the prominent role of federal regulatory agencies (including the central bank and its role as "umbrella supervisor" over financial holding companies), the capacity of the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC) as a federal institution to remove barriers to cross-border activities, and the elements of choice for the supervised entities in the regulatory system, which allow for some regulatory competition.

Edificio comercial en Dusseldorf República Federal Alemana

The anti-economic utilization of the construction which formerly existed on this site justified its replacement by this new building devoted to commerce and rented offices. The three lower levels, devoted to shops with their exposition zones and sales areas, have their access through a central passage vertically illuminated. From this same passage there is a group of elevators and stairways leading to the upper floors, in which offices of different sizes are distributed. Finally, an attic houses a dwelling with three bedrooms and large terraces.La antieconómica utilización de la construcción, que existía anteriormente en la parcela, justificó su sustitución por este nuevo edificio destinado a comercio y oficinas de alquiler. Los tres niveles inferiores, que se destinan a tiendas con sus zonas de exposición y venta, tienen su acceso a través de un pasaje central iluminado cenitalmente. Desde este mismo pasaje parte el grupo de ascensor y escalera que conduce a las plantas superiores, en las que se han distribuido oficinas de distintos tamaños. Por último, un ático retranqueado alberga una vivienda de tres dormitorios y grandes terrazas

User Loss -- A Forced-Choice-Inspired Approach to Train Neural Networks directly by User Interaction

In this paper, we investigate whether is it possible to train a neural network directly from user inputs. We consider this approach to be highly relevant for applications in which the point of optimality is not well-defined and user-dependent. Our application is medical image denoising which is essential in fluoroscopy imaging. In this field every user, i.e. physician, has a different flavor and image quality needs to be tailored towards each individual. To address this important problem, we propose to construct a loss function derived from a forced-choice experiment. In order to make the learning problem feasible, we operate in the domain of precision learning, i.e., we inspire the network architecture by traditional signal processing methods in order to reduce the number of trainable parameters. The algorithm that was used for this is a Laplacian pyramid with only six trainable parameters. In the experimental results, we demonstrate that two image experts who prefer different filter characteristics between sharpness and de-noising can be created using our approach. Also models trained for a specific user perform best on this users test data. This approach opens the way towards implementation of direct user feedback in deep learning and is applicable for a wide range of application.Comment: Accepted on BVM 2019; Extended ArXiv Version with additional figures and detail

Edificio administrativo de Francfort del Main - Alemania Federal

The building forms part of the second phase of the construction programme of this important industrial firm and is designed as the administration and accountant centre. It consists of basement, ground floor and eight more floors, with three vertical communication nuclei: staircases, lifts and sanitary installations. The structure is of reinforced concrete; the enclosures of special pieces of hostalite and the windows are of thermopane glass.El edificio está incluido en la segunda fase del programa constructivo de esta importante firma industrial, y está destinado a albergar el centro administrativo y contable de la empresa. Consta de sótano, planta baja y ocho plantas superiores, con tres núcleos de comunicación vertical, localizados en escaleras y ascensores, y grupos sanitarios. La estructura es de hormigón armado; los cerramientos, de piezas especiales de hostalit, y las ventanas, de vidrio termopane

Systematic Identification of Oncogenic EGFR Interaction Partners

The Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) is a receptor tyrosine kinase that - once activated upon ligand binding - leads to receptor dimerization, recruitment of protein complexes and activation of multiple signaling cascades. The EGFR is frequently overexpressed or mutated in various cancers leading to aberrant signaling and tumor growth. Hence, identification of interaction partners that bind to mutated EGFR can help identify novel targets for drug discovery. Here, we used a systematic approach to identify novel proteins that are involved in cancerous EGFR-signaling. Using a combination of high-content imaging and a mammalian membrane two-hybrid protein-protein interaction (MaMTH) method, we identified 8 novel interaction partners of EGFR, out of which half strongly interacted with oncogenic, hyperactive EGFR variants. One of these, TACC3, stabilizes EGFR on the cell surface, which results in an increase in downstream signaling via the MAPK and AKT pathway. Depletion of TACC3 from cells using shRNA knockdown or small molecule targeting reduced mitogenic signaling in non-small cell lung cancer cell lines, suggesting that targeting TACC3 has potential as a new therapeutic approach for non-small cell lung cancer

Sede central de una compañía de seguros Oberursel/Ts. - Alemania Federal

This building is designed to house the control Centre of an Insurance Company, formed by three chartered companies, in the town of Oberursel, near Frankfurt. The work includes seven floors and two basements, in the shape of a swastika, and is completed with a rectangular annex, with two storeys, intended for the restaurant, cafeteria and an all-purpose room. The main building provides offices of a landscape type, with a total of 1,500 jobs, to be extended to 2,500. The structure is in reinforced concrete, with a modulation between support axes of 10.50 X 10.50 m. The stability of the unit is achieved through a main bracing nucleus, which also acts as a vertical communication axis. The frontage is of curtain wall, with steel framework corridor on all the floors, aluminium carpentry and insulating glazing. These corridors lead to two fire scapes, backing on to the main building on opposite sides. Suitable decoration, together with the specially chosen furniture and the varied series of installations, both generic and specific, for this type of centers, contribute towards achieving the suitable working atmosphere. Furthermore, a group of social, recreative and sports installations, facilitate personal contacts among employees.Este edificio se destina a albergar el Centro de control de una compañía de seguros, integrada por tres sociedades anónimas, en la ciudad de Oberursel, cerca de Frankfurt. La obra se desarrolló en seis plantas y dos sótanos con forma de cruz gamada, y se completa con un anexo rectangular, de dos plantas, dedicado a restaurante, cafetería y sala polivalente. El edificio principal distribuye oficinas de tipo paisajístico con un total de 1.500 puestos de trabajo, ampliables hasta 2.500. La estructura es de hormigón armado, con una modulación entre ejes de soportes de 10,50 x 10,50 m. La estabilidad del conjunto se consigue mediante un núcleo central de arriostramiento, que sirve, además, de eje de comunicaciones verticales. La fachada es de muro cortina, con corredores de entramado de acero en todas las plantas, carpintería de aluminio y acristalamiento de vidrio aislante. Dichos corredores conducen a dos escaleras de socorro adosadas al edificio principal en lados opuestos. Una decoración apropiada, junto con el mobiliario especialmente elegido y la variada serie de instalaciones, tanto genéricas como específicas para este tipo de centros, contribuyen a la consecución del adecuado ambiente de trabajo. Asimismo, un grupo de instalaciones sociales, recreativas y deportivas facilitan los contactos personales entre los empleados

Global network analysis in Schizosaccharomyces pombe reveals three distinct consequences of the common 1-kb deletion causing juvenile CLN3 disease

Juvenile CLN3 disease is a recessively inherited paediatric neurodegenerative disorder, with most patients homozygous for a 1-kb intragenic deletion in CLN3. The btn1 gene is the Schizosaccharomyces pombe orthologue of CLN3. Here, we have extended the use of synthetic genetic array (SGA) analyses to delineate functional signatures for two different disease-causing mutations in addition to complete deletion of btn1. We show that genetic-interaction signatures can differ for mutations in the same gene, which helps to dissect their distinct functional effects. The mutation equivalent to the minor transcript arising from the 1-kb deletion (btn1102–208del) shows a distinct interaction pattern. Taken together, our results imply that the minor 1-kb deletion transcript has three consequences for CLN3: to both lose and retain some inherent functions and to acquire abnormal characteristics. This has particular implications for the therapeutic development of juvenile CLN3 disease. In addition, this proof of concept could be applied to conserved genes for other mendelian disorders or any gene of interest, aiding in the dissection of their functional domains, unpacking the global consequences of disease pathogenesis, and clarifying genotype–phenotype correlations. In doing so, this detail will enhance the goals of personalised medicine to improve treatment outcomes and reduce adverse events