Journalist-twitterers as political influencers in Brazil : narratives and disputes towards a new intermediary model

The ascendency of Jair Bolsonaro to the presidency of Brazil in 2018 put the role of traditional media companies and journalists under the spotlight. Bad news or opinions against his government have been officially treated as fake, inaccurate, or false information. In this context, data show a decrease in news trust and growing news consumption through platforms. According to the 2021 Reuters Institute report on news trust, only 21% of Brazilians trust the press as an institution, with 71% using social media platforms to be informed. As part of a broad and complex crisis of the traditional intermediary model, several journalists appeared in the Brazilian public sphere as influencers on social media platforms such as Twitter. Based on a qualitative perspective, this article aims to research the role of journalists as political influencers and their use of Twitter to express their voices. A sample of 10 journalists with more than 10,000 followers on Twitter, five working for traditional media and five from native digital media, were interviewed in depth. We realized that they use their digital capital in two political directions. On the one hand, as part of a digital strategy promoted by media outlets to gain attention and call the audience, journalists share their spots and comments on daily issues. On the other hand, in a polarized political context, journalists have found Twitter a means to express their voices in a context of increasing violence and restrictions on free expression among this collective

Conductivity of suspended and non-suspended graphene at finite gate voltage

We compute the DC and the optical conductivity of graphene for finite values of the chemical potential by taking into account the effect of disorder, due to mid-gap states (unitary scatterers) and charged impurities, and the effect of both optical and acoustic phonons. The disorder due to mid-gap states is treated in the coherent potential approximation (CPA, a self-consistent approach based on the Dyson equation), whereas that due to charged impurities is also treated via the Dyson equation, with the self-energy computed using second order perturbation theory. The effect of the phonons is also included via the Dyson equation, with the self energy computed using first order perturbation theory. The self-energy due to phonons is computed both using the bare electronic Green's function and the full electronic Green's function, although we show that the effect of disorder on the phonon-propagator is negligible. Our results are in qualitative agreement with recent experiments. Quantitative agreement could be obtained if one assumes water molelcules under the graphene substrate. We also comment on the electron-hole asymmetry observed in the DC conductivity of suspended graphene.Comment: 13 pages, 11 figure

Confined magneto-optical waves in graphene

The electromagnetic mode spectrum of single-layer graphene subjected to a quantizing magnetic field is computed taking into account intraband and interband contributions to the magneto-optical conductivity. We find that a sequence of weakly decaying quasi-transverse-electric modes, separated by magnetoplasmon polariton modes, emerge due to the quantizing magnetic field. The characteristics of these modes are tuneable, by changing the magnetic field or the Fermi energy.Comment: 9 pages, 7 figures. published version: text and figures revised and updated + new references and one figure adde

Algebraic solution of a graphene layer in a transverse electric and perpendicular magnetic fields

We present an exact algebraic solution of a single graphene plane in transverse electric and perpendicular magnetic fields. The method presented gives both the eigen-values and the eigen-functions of the graphene plane. It is shown that the eigen-states of the problem can be casted in terms of coherent states, which appears in a natural way from the formalism.Comment: 11 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in Journal of Physics Condensed Matte

Verification of two-step flow model in the process of city international image communication based on data mining and empirical analysis

This study seeks to decipher the modus operandi of Shanghai's image portrayal to the audience through social media platforms, particularly Twitter. Leveraging the potency of big data analysis, the study scrutinizes the applicability of the two-step flow communication model in the communication of Shanghai's image. The findings highlight the cardinal role of opinion leaders in the image communication process, overshadowing the impact of mass media. The age-old phenomenon of two-step flow, wherein information trickles down from mass media to opinion leaders, appears to be fading away. Although mass media's tweets can potentially reach a broad audience, they do not necessarily captivate the attention of opinion leaders. Thus, the study underscores the importance of both mass media and opinion leaders in shaping Shanghai's image

Can older people stop sharing? an ethnographic study on fake news and active aging in Brazil

An association between age and misinformation is frequently found in literature, which contributes to a moral panic about older people's participation in the dissemination of fake news. This qualitative study adds context to this discussion by investigating why older people are motivated to engage with online information and why sharing matters in old age

Conductance quantization in mesoscopic graphene

Using a generalized Landauer approach we study the non-linear transport in mesoscopic graphene with zig-zag and armchair edges. We find that for clean systems, the low-bias low-temperature conductance, G, of an armchair edge system in quantized as G/t=4 n e^2/h, whereas for a zig-zag edge the quantization changes to G/t t=4(n+1/2)e^2/h, where t is the transmission probability and n is an integer. We also study the effects of a non-zero bias, temperature, and magnetic field on the conductance. The magnetic field dependence of the quantization plateaus in these systems is somewhat different from the one found in the two-dimensional electron gas due to a different Landau level quantization.Comment: 6 pages, 9 figures. Final version published in Physical Review