Acute toxicity of Gammalin 20 to Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus (Lacepede)

The impact of acute exposure of Gammalin 20 (an organochlorine pesticide) was investigated in a static bioassay test over a 96-(4-day) period on the fingerlings of Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus (lacepede). The 96-hLC sub(50) of Gammalin 20 was determined as 2.31 Ug/l with lower and upper limits of toxicities as 2.10 and 4.44 Ug/l respectively. At higher concentrations, the colour of the exposed fish became darker, opercular movement slowed down while pigmentation pattern increased and respiratory distress was observed, erratic swimming, tonic convulsion and no response to gentle prodding, and finally death. The implications of these results were discussed with a suggestion of the total ban on the use of Gammalin 20 in capture fisheries due to its harmful and persistence nature in the aquatic environmen

Calibration of star formation rate tracers for short- and long-lived star formation episodes

To derive the history of star formation in the Universe a set of calibrated star formation rate tracers at different wavelengths is required. The calibration has to consistently take into account the effects of extinction, star formation regime (short or long-lived) and evolutionary state to avoid biases at different redshift ranges. We use evolutionary synthesis models optimized for intense episodes of star formation in order to compute a consistent calibration of the most usual star formation rate tracers at different energy ranges, from X-ray to radio luminosities. Nearly-instantaneous and continuous star formation regimes, and the effect of interstellar extinction are considered, as well as the effect of metallicity on the calibration of the different estimators. A consistent calibration of a complete set of star formation rate tracers is presented, computed for the most usual star-forming regions conditions: evolutionary state, star formation regime, interstellar extinction and initial mass function. We discuss the validity of the different tracers in different star formation scenarios and compare our predictions with previous calibrations of general use. Nearly-instantaneous and continuous star formation regimes must be distinguished. While the Star Formation Strength (\msun) should be used for the former, the more common Star Formation Rate (\msun yr$^{-1}$) is only valid for episodes forming stars at a constant rate during extended periods for time. Moreover, even for the latter, the evolutionary state should be taken into account, since most SFR tracers stabilize only after 100 Myr of evolution.Comment: Accepted for publication in A&A, webtool in http://www.laeff.cab.inta-csic.es/research/sfr/, 19 pages, 10 figures, 14 tables. New version including language style revisio

PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE TEAMS GAMES TOURNAMENT (TGT) TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR MATA PELAJARAN MENGELOLA DANA KAS KECIL KELAS XI SMK NEGERI 10 JAKARTA

ABSTRACT OTI MAULIDIA. 8115080446. Effect of Cooperative Learning Model Study Teams Games Tournament (TGT) Type to the Subject Learning Outcomes Managing Petty Cash Fund Class XI SMK Negeri 10 Jakarta. Skripsi, Jakarta: Concentration of Office Administration Study Program of Economics Education, Department Economics Administration, Faculty of Economic, State University of Jakarta, 2013. This study aimed to determine whether there are differences in learning outcomes using cooperative learning model type games tournament teams (the experimental class) with the use of conventional learning models (the control class) in class XI student of SMK Negeri 10 Jakarta. The research was conducted during the five months from May to September 2012. The method used is an experimental method that compares the experimental class and the control class. The research design used was Posttest-Only Control Design. The population in this study were all class XI SMK Negeri 10 Jakarta. The population in this study were all students of class XI SMK Negeri 10 Jakarta consisting of three departments totaling 220 students. The sample selected was a class XI by two AP classes. Class XI AP1 as a control class that uses a conventional learning models amount to as many as 34 students. Class XI AP2 as an experimental class that uses cooperative learning model type TGT numbered as many as 37 students. Total sample used was 71 students. The data analysis technique begins with the normality test with test Liliefors. Normality test for the experimental class matches Lo (Lhitung ) of 0.028454 Ltabel price for the number (n) = 37 is 0.1457 while the normality test to get the control class Lo (Lhitung ) of 0.12102 Ltabel price for the number (n) = 34 is 0.15195 because Lhitung < L Tabel the variables X and Y are normally distributed. Testing the homogeneity of the data using the F test produced F Count of 1.0624 and F tabel of 1.69 which means that variance is homogeneous. The test is used to test different hypotheses. Different test used is the t-test with a result t hitung of 10 and ttabel of 1.995. Based on these calculations obtained that thitung > ttabel , it can be concluded that the research hypothesis (H1) is accepted while the null hypothesis (Ho) is rejected. Thus, this study has successfully tested the truth of the hypothesis is that the application of learning outcomes cooperative TGT type can give a better effect on student learning outcomes

A model for the relationship between user satisfaction of healthcare facilities management and core healtcare business

Public hospitals in Ghana, as in many other developing countries, are faced with facilities management (FM) challenges due partly to the problem of poor services and user dissatisfaction with FM service delivery. Studies to understand the relationship between user satisfaction of healthcare FM and core healthcare business have not addressed the issue from the perspective of this study. To fill this gap, the study examined the relationship between healthcare FM services based on the FM basic framework (people - patients, place – healthcare healing environment, processes –FM service quality and technology – quality of healthcare infrastructure and equipment) and core healthcare business (healthcare personnel, healthcare delivery, adequacy of healthcare resources and healthcare administrative process). The underlying theoretical frameworks for the study included the FM basic framework, SERVQUAL theory, Core Healthcare Business dimensions and A Staff and Patient Calibration Toolkit (ASPECT) which is based on a theory of supportive designs for healthcare facilities. Questionnaire was used to gather data from 622 patients of the three surveyed hospitals (Komfo Anokye, Cape-Coast and Tamale teaching hospitals) in Ghana. The data were statistically tested and analysed by structural equation modelling (SEM) technique. Twelve of the 19 hypotheses were supported. The findings showed that although the patients are satisfied with the quality of healthcare healing environment and the quality of healthcare infrastructure and equipment, they were dissatisfied with the FM service quality. Secondly, the results indicated that healthcare FM service quality and quality of healthcare infrastructure and equipment did not have a positive significant influence on the quality of healthcare administrative process. Also, the quality of healthcare healing environment did not show a positive significant influence on healthcare delivery. The quality of healthcare infrastructure and equipment also did not have a positive significant influence on healthcare personnel. Lastly, out of the four dimensions used to evaluate the quality of core healthcare business, patients were dissatisfied with the adequacy of healthcare resources and healthcare administrative process. Generally, the study model offered a good understanding of the factors that influenced the relationship between users (patients) satisfaction of healthcare FM and core healthcare business. The findings indicated that healthcare institutions must realize that quality healthcare FM service is a means for the healthcare organisations to stay relevant in the eyes of the patients. Thus, the study recommends that the surveyed teaching hospitals in Ghana should aim to achieve patient centered healthcare service deliver by effectively improving the quality of both their FM and core healthcare services, since patient satisfaction leads to patient loyalty

CHARACTERIZATION AND MANAGEMENT OF SOILS OF AMANGWU-EDDA, EBONYI STATE FOR SUSTAINABLE RICE PRODUCTION

The study was conducted at Amangwu-Edda in Afikpo-South Local Government Area (LGA) of Ebonyi State,Nigeria, to characterize the soils of the area and give management options for sustainable rice production. Twohundred and fifty hectares of land was surveyed using the rigid grid method, based on the differences andsimilarities of the morphological properties. Three (3) different mapping units were identified, and soil profilepits dug and described morphologically, then samples were collected based on horizon differentiation frombottom to top. The samples were prepared and subjected to routine laboratory analysis for selected physical andchemical properties. Data generated were analysed using suitable statistical tools. The analytical results showedthat the percent clay had mean values of 26.47% for soil mapping unit 1, 31.80% for soil mapping unit 2, and25.73% for soil mapping unit 3. The soil pH was strongly acidic (3.8 – 4.9) in all the soil mapping units studied.The coefficient of variation showed that pH (H O) had low variation in all the soil mapping units, while organic 2carbon (OC) and total nitrogen (N) had high variation in all the soil mapping units. A low to moderate variationwas recorded for percent sand, silt and clay for the three soil mapping units. Management options for yieldincrease and sustainable rice production were suggested for rice growers in the study area

Essential Hypertension in Adults

The author chose to write about hypertension because she takes care of patients and family members with hypertension on a frequent basis, and is likely to face the challenge of managing patients with hypertension (HTN) in her future role as a nurse practitioner due to the high prevalence of HTN among men and women