Hardness of Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search

We prove conditional near-quadratic running time lower bounds for approximate Bichromatic Closest Pair with Euclidean, Manhattan, Hamming, or edit distance. Specifically, unless the Strong Exponential Time Hypothesis (SETH) is false, for every $\delta>0$ there exists a constant $\epsilon>0$ such that computing a $(1+\epsilon)$-approximation to the Bichromatic Closest Pair requires $n^{2-\delta}$ time. In particular, this implies a near-linear query time for Approximate Nearest Neighbor search with polynomial preprocessing time. Our reduction uses the Distributed PCP framework of [ARW'17], but obtains improved efficiency using Algebraic Geometry (AG) codes. Efficient PCPs from AG codes have been constructed in other settings before [BKKMS'16, BCGRS'17], but our construction is the first to yield new hardness results

Oblivious routing on node-capacitated and directed graphs

Oblivious routing algorithms for general undirected networks were introduced by Räcke [17], and this work has led to many subsequent improvements and applications. Comparatively little is known about oblivious routing in general directed networks, or even in undirected networks with node capacities. We present the first non-trivial upper bounds for both these cases, providing algorithms for k-commodity oblivious routing problems with competitive ratio O (√ k log(n)) for undirected node-capacitated graphs and O (√ k n 1/4 log(n)) for directed graphs. In the special case that all commodities have a common source or sink, our upper bound becomes O ( √ n log(n)) in both cases, matching the lower bound up to a factor of log(n). The lower bound (which first appeared in [6]) is obtained on a graph with very high degree. We show that in fact the degree of a graph is a crucial parameter for node-capacitated oblivious routing in undirected graphs, by providing an O(∆ polylog(n))-competitive oblivious routing scheme for graphs of degree ∆. For the directed case, however, we show that the lower bound of Ω (√ n) still holds in low-degree graphs. Finally, we settle an open question about routing problems in which all commodities share a common source or sink. We show that even in this simplified scenario there are networks in which no oblivious routing algorithm can achieve a competitive ratio better than Ω(log n)