232 research outputs found
Lyman Break Galaxies at z = 4 - 6 in cosmological SPH Simulations
We perform a spectrophotometric analysis of galaxies at redshifts z = 4 - 6
in cosmological SPH simulations of a Lambda CDM universe. Our models include
radiative cooling and heating by a uniform UV background, star formation,
supernova feedback, and a phenomenological model for galactic winds. Analysing
a series of simulations of varying boxsize and particle number allows us to
isolate the impact of numerical resolution on our results. Specifically, we
determine the luminosity functions in B, V, R, i', and z' filters, and compare
the results with observed galaxy surveys done with the Subaru telescope and the
Hubble Space Telescope. We find that the simulated galaxies have UV colours
consistent with observations and fall in the expected region of the
colour-colour diagrams used by the Subaru group. Assuming a uniform extinction
of E(B-V) = 0.15, we also find reasonable agreement between simulations and
observations in the space density of UV bright galaxies at z = 3 - 6, down to
the magnitude limit of each survey. For the same moderate extinction level of
E(B-V) ~ 0.15, the simulated luminosity functions match observational data, but
have a steep faint-end slope with alpha ~ -2.0. We discuss the implications of
the steep faint-end slope found in the simulations.Comment: 13 pages, 16 figures, MNRAS in pres
The Sunday Night Black & White 6
A compilation zine featuring black and white art and short form narrative.https://source.sheridancollege.ca/unique_collections_snb/1005/thumbnail.jp
Characterization of Microlensing Planets with Moderately Wide Separations
In future high-cadence microlensing surveys, planets can be detected through
a new channel of an independent event produced by the planet itself. The two
populations of planets to be detected through this channel are wide-separation
planets and free-floating planets. Although they appear as similar short
time-scale events, the two populations of planets are widely different in
nature and thus distinguishing them is important. In this paper, we investigate
the lensing properties of events produced by planets with moderately wide
separations from host stars. We find that the lensing behavior of these events
is well described by the Chang-Refsdal lensing and the shear caused by the
primary not only produces a caustic but also makes the magnification contour
elongated along the primary-planet axis. The elongated magnification contour
implies that the light curves of these planetary events are generally
asymmetric and thus the asymmetry can be used to distinguish the events from
those produced by free-floating planets. The asymmetry can be noticed from the
overall shape of the light curve and thus can hardly be missed unlike the very
short-duration central perturbation caused by the caustic. In addition, the
asymmetry occurs regardless of the event magnification and thus the bound
nature of the planet can be identified for majority of these events. The close
approximation of the lensing light curve to that of the Chang-Refsdal lensing
implies that the analysis of the light curve yields only the information about
the projected separation between the host star and the planet.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figure
Distribution of Damped Lyman-alpha Absorbers in a Lambda Cold Dark Matter Universe
We present the results of a numerical study of a galactic wind model and its
implications on the properties of damped Lyman-alpha absorbers (DLAs) using
cosmological hydrodynamic simulations. We vary both the wind strength and the
internal parameters of the the wind model in a series of cosmological SPH
simulations that include radiative cooling and heating by a UV background, star
formation, and feedback from supernovae and galactic winds. To test our
simulations, we examine the DLA `rate-of-incidence' as a function of halo mass,
galaxy apparent magnitude, and impact parameter. We find that the statistical
distribution of DLAs does not depend on the exact values of internal numerical
parameters that control the decoupling of hydrodynamic forces when the gas is
ejected from starforming regions. The DLA rate-of-incidence in our simulations
at z=3 is dominated by the faint galaxies with apparent magnitude R_AB < 25.5.
However, interestingly in a `strong wind' run, the differential distribution of
DLA sight-lines is peaked at Mhalo = 10^{12} Msun/h (R_AB~27), and the mean DLA
halo mass is Mmean=10^{12.4} Msun/h (R_AB ~ 26). These mass-scales are much
larger than those if we ignore winds, because galactic wind feedback suppresses
the DLA cross section in low-mass halos and increases the relative contribution
to the DLA incidence from more massive halos. The DLAs in our simulations are
more compact than the present-day disk galaxies, and the impact parameter
distribution is very narrow unless we limit the search for the host galaxy to
only bright LBGs. The comoving number density of DLAs is higher than that of
LBGs down to R_AB=30 mag if the physical radius of each DLA is smaller than 5
kpc/h_70. We discuss conflicts between current simulations and observations,
and potential problems with simulations based on the CDM model.Comment: 37 pages, 11 figures. Accepted to ApJ. Additional numerical tests of
the internal parameters of the galactic wind model are presente
Measuring the Right to Food: A U.S. Policy Perspective
The right to food is recognized by international law as a fundamental human right of all people. Three conditions must be met for the right to food to be realized; food must be available, accessible, and adequate. While food policy research in the United States has focused on specific elements of these conditions, the right to food has not been measured in a substantive and comprehensive way. This paper discusses the normative implications of the right to food in the United States and proposes a framework for operationalizing and measuring it domestically. I argue that right to food standards should apply in the United States, and that a substantive and comprehensive right to food assessment should be undertaken. Incorporating right to food principles into the development of U.S. food policy, particularly at the state and local levels, may address both structural and direct determinants of food insecurity and the prevalence of overweight and obesity. The goal of right to food policies in the U.S. should be to facilitate conditions such that people are able to provide a healthy diet for themselves. This paper takes the first step in a substantive right to food assessment of U.S. food policy by introducing an evaluation framework for use in future policy research and analysis.Bachelor of Art
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