Time Reversal Invariance in Quantum Mechanics

Symmetries have a crucial role in today’s physics. In this thesis, we are mostly concerned with time reversal invariance (T-symmetry). A physical system is time reversal invariant if its underlying laws are not sensitive to the direction of time. There are various accounts of time reversal transformation resulting in different views on whether or not a given theory in physics is time reversal invariant. With a focus on quantum mechanics, I describe the standard account of time reversal and compare it with my alternative account, arguing why it deserves serious attention. Then, I review three known ways to T-violation in quantum mechanics, and explain two unique experiments made to detect it in the neutral K and B mesons

Intelligent Robots

There is an increasing need for integrating sensory feedback into the robot system. This will provide better flexibility and will improve the capacity of the robot to reason and make decisions in real time. This report discusses the current issues related to the development and application of intelligent robots. The report surveys the essential features of an intelligent robot. These features are sensing, off-line programming, task level programming, adaptive control and knowledge representation. Such a robot should be knowledge driven. It should know about objects and work plans, this knowledge should provide the capability for the robot to handle uncertainty in sensory data and to arbitrate between sensors in the event of conflicts

The greatness of Nahj Al-Balagha and the words of Imam Ali from the perspective of modern christian figures

After the words of the Holy Quran and Prophet Muhammad's tradition, the words of Imam Ali have in their own right bestowed upon mankind the finest and the most valuable social, political, and religious wisdom. Ever since a millennium when Sharif ar-Razi compiled Nahj al-Balagha using his unique and meticulous selection of Imam Ali's speeches, letters, aphorisms, this invaluable book has deeply influenced many figures and luminaries among both Shia and Sunni Muslims and non-Muslims, all of whom have embraced and appraised it. In this article, the researchers look into the remarks of twenty one non-Muslim figures on the worth and merits of Nahj al-Balagha. Most of these Christian figures are contemporary Arab poets and thinkers: such individuals as Khalil Farahat, Rocks Bin Zayed Al Uzaizi, Joseph Hashim, and Nasri Salhab to name just a few; however, some orientalists and western thinkers are worth mentioning such as Nursisian and Henry Corbin

A psychological reading of J. D. Salinger’s "For Esme with Love and Squalor"

The 20th century has witnessed a plethora of war stories, but among them Salinger's "For Esme with Love and Squalor", a minor masterpiece as Paul Alexander calls it, stands out. It also falls among those typical Salingerian child-adult relationships that highlight the non-phony members of society with many things in common distinguishing them from the other so-called normal members of the society. In the current study, characters are studied from a psychological point of view and classified into two major groups by the researchers. The first group and the main focus of the study is the minority of society and the second group relates to the majority or commonality. The minority group includes Salinger's heroes and protagonists who are later known as psychoneurotic. This first group feels affinity to the children who are far away from the hostility and harshness of adults' world as, to Salinger, the concept of innocence means being away from the false standards and hypocrisy of the majority of the insensitive society. The researchers try to distinguish between these two groups from different psychological and psychoanalytic aspects. Despite the contrast between these two groups, there are some similarities in their sexual conceptions and psychological adjustment that clarify similarities in traits and responses in the form of adopting different mechanisms to adjust and remove tensions and alleviate anxiety employing the mechanisms Freud calls palliative remedies

The Relationship between Emotional Intelligence and the Choice of Reading Strategies of Iranian EFL Learners

The major aim of this study was to determine the relationship between Iranian EFL learners’ emotional intelligence and their choice of reading strategies. To this end, a total of 126 participants were chosen from female intermediate and advanced EFL learners of Kish Language Institute in Mashhad and MA students at Hakim Sabzevari University majoring in TEFL in Sabzevar, Iran. A series of instruments were used to obtain the related data including the Michigan Test of English Language Proficiency (MTELP, 1979), Bar-On Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire (Bar-On EQ-i, 1997) and Strategy Inventory for Language Learning (SILL, 1990). Both structured reading strategy and EI interviews were conducted to gain more insights on learners’ use of strategies, reading habits, and their emotional capabilities. It was found that there was a positive significant correlation between total EI and the frequency of strategies used by Iranian EFL learners. Total EI also correlated significantly with the English language proficiency of learners. Subsequent data analysis via regression revealed that total EI is the significant predictor of metacognitive and affective strategies. The results of the interviews were also used to support and complement the results obtained through the quantitative instruments. Keywords: Emotional intelligence, Iranian EFL learners, Reading strategie

Robert Browning: a dramatic monologue Marvel

One of the most effective literary devices within different didactic and aesthetic forms is the dramatic monologue. The dramatic monologue distinguishes the speaker's character from that of the poet’s. The double meaning that lies at the heart of the dramatic monologue, conveys the speaker's version or variety of meaning and intentions. The Dramatic monologue has been practiced for a very long time, but it was Robert browning who invested it with a deeper level of meaning giving it frequency in an attempt to support preexisting aesthetic values in favor of a poem that valued form over content. Although such a dialogue is called dramatic, it is not a theatrical device, proper. The speaker of the poem delivers such comments on the slice of life at disposal that would leave us with a deep emotional experience. By listening to the words pouring out of the speaker’s mind, the reader/listener obtains a psychoanalytic view of the speaker. The current article aims to study Robert browning, the prominent Victorian poet, by putting on the pedestal his essential role in investing the dramatic monologue in English literature with an essential poetic significance and role by reviewing a number of his major poems

Shedding Light on Hearing in Coma: Investigating the Applicability of Functional Near-infrared Spectroscopy for Assessing Auditory Function and Aiding Prognosis in Patients with Acute Disorders of Consciousness

There is a critical need for a bedside neuroimaging tool to aid in the prediction of functional recovery outcomes for patients with acute disorders of consciousness (DoC) in the early days following severe brain injury. Current neurobehavioral examinations and prognosis tools have limitations in predicting good outcomes, leading to potential mistreatment or premature withdrawal of life support. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a viable candidate for such purposes due to its portability and cost-effectiveness. Auditory processing, viewed as a multi-level and multifaceted brain function, could provide a sensitive and specific marker of residual cognitive function in unresponsive patients. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of fNIRS for hierarchical assessment of auditory function and evaluate its applicability for predicting recovery outcomes in acute DoC. The capability of fNIRS for such an application was demonstrated by validating it against fMRI in a healthy population and cross-validating it in an entirely unresponsive patient with cognitive-motor dissociation. An innovative fNIRS-focused method was developed to quantify patients’ auditory function, and a data-driven method was explored to improve the sensitivity and specificity of auditory scores. Using these analytical tools, a direct association was found between auditory function and recovery outcome in a small patient cohort. Based on the study’s findings, the crucial role of methodological considerations in the use of fNIRS was discussed, and specific modifications in the stimulus and optical montage designs were suggested to enhance the method’s reliability

Teachers’ Assessment Literacy and Its Correlation with IELTS Students’ Achievement in Writing Skill

The role of teachers in their students’ success is an undeniable factor which has already been dealt with in diverse literature. The challenge is their knowledge pertaining to the scale of their prevailing awareness related to one of the leading issues in the testing domain that is assessment literacy. The aim of the study was to investigate the effectiveness of teachers’ assessment - literacy effectiveness in IELTS writing practice, Task 2, by administrating an in-service training course for a group of teachers instructing IELTS candidates and measuring the effect of their literacy on the writing skill developments of their students. The result shows that those teachers who received the literacy of the IELTS writing assessment procedure have earned consciousness of the genre principles and are more successful in their profession as they are capable of producing more literate learners, who achieve higher scores than their fellow candidates. The findings of the present paper reveals that assessment literates tend to communicate their knowledge through a more effective approach to their students than their colleagues, emphasizing the fact that teachers who try to secure their profession in an optimal manner should equip themselves with the needs of the assessment. Assessment literacy, then, acts as a dual instrument both for the well-being of the teachers in the first step and for the objectively literate students meeting their test demands in the second step

Epigenetic modification with trichostatin A does not correct specific errors of somatic cell nuclear transfer at the transcriptomic level; highlighting the non-random nature of oocyte-mediated reprogramming errors

Pre- and post- implantation development. Effect of TSA treatment on in vitro and in vivo development of cloned embryos compared to fertilized counterparts. (DOCX 18 kb