New complexes with M-Si-O or M-Si-S linkages (M = Fe or Co)

Ph2XSiFe(CO)2Cp [X = p-tolylS (1a), MeO (1b)] and Ph[2-MeOC6H4]XSiFe(CO)2Cp [X = Cl (2a), OMe (2b)] have been fully characterised, including X-ray crystal structure determinations for 1a, 1b and 2a. None of the examples showed any tendency for migration of the X groups from silicon to iron, with elimination of silylene. However very ready loss of the X groups was seen in the electrospray mass spectra, suggesting formation of the cationic silylene-iron complex ions is favoured. This was especially so for 2a and 2b, where intramolecular stabilisation of the silicon centre from the 2-OMe group is possible.The stable siloxane O[SiPh2{Co(CO)4}]2 was also characterised; the X-ray crystal structure analysis shows a Si-O-Si bond angle of 153°

The Irish Mortgage Market: Stylised Facts, Negative Equity and Arrears

This paper uses loan-level data from the residential mortgage books of four Irish credit institutions, as at December 2010. The focus of the paper, is to provide an overview of the structure and condition of these housing loan books. This includes a description of borrower categories, interest rate profiles, repayment structures, property types, arrears accruals and the regional distributions of these loan and borrower characteristics across Ireland. Because it is possible to secure more than one loan on an individual house, we distinguish the number of properties underlying the residential mortgage book. Additionally we combine the data with house price data in order to generate estimates on the amount of housing equity in the Irish mortgage market. We focus on the properties in negative equity, in particular. Our findings suggest that approximately 31 per cent of mortgaged properties, representing over 47 per cent of the mortgage books’ outstanding loan balances were in negative equity at the end of 2010. Of the mortgaged properties in negative equity, 8 per cent had also accrued more than three months worth of arrears on their mortgage loans.Credit, Asset Pricing, Banks, Mortgages, Regional Economic Activity, Size and Spatial Distributions of Regional Economic Activity, Housing Demand, Housing Supply and Markets

Currency Unions and Irish External Trade

Ireland has participated in two currency unions - a bilateral union with the United Kingdom that lasted until 1979 and as a founder member of European Monetary Union that began in 1999. This paper investigates whether currency unions have influenced Irish trade patterns.

Can you please turn your cameras on? Communication Apprehension and Teleconferencing

With the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, a multitude of normalities in individuals\u27 lives had to change to continue moving forward. The world began to embrace new technologies that allowed individuals to be connected while physically apart. One of the most embraced technologies was teleconferencing. Teleconferencing is not a new technology with the first primitive form being created in 1968, however, it was not until the world had to embrace teleconferencing during the COVID-19 pandemic did the technologies became a common part of everyday life. The term Zoom is now synonymous with video chatting and conferencing becoming a part of society\u27s lexicon similar to the terms Xerox and Band-Aid. Zoom has begun to reshape how individuals communicate. Teleconferencing has created a new mode of communication to be explored adding to the extensive list of emerging technologies that have expanded virtual communication. With emerging technologies, it is critical to explore communication apprehension\u27s effect in these new terrains. Communication apprehension (CA) is the extent to which individuals feel fear or anxiety while communicating or prior to communicating. Teleconferencing environments have changed the way individuals experience communication apprehension. This study seeks to explore the impact of teleconferencing technologies and how communication apprehension manifests itself in online scenarios. This study will use qualitative research methods since there has been little research on video conferencing and communication apprehension. By understanding how communication apprehension occurs in teleconferencing, society can better understand ways to reduce this apprehension and refine their communication skills

Government and elementary education in Britain in the mid-nineteenth century

This thesis attempts to describe the growth of the central government’s involvement in elementary education, and the corresponding growth of the staffing and expenditure of the Education Department in Whitehall, in terms that have explanatory force. It goes from 1833 to the early 1860s, covering the 1840s and 1850s in most detail. The first chapter establishes a theoretical framework within which education can take its place beside other examples of government intervention. It reasserts the relevance of A.V. Dicey's analysis of the movements of opinion and the corresponding legislative trends, and concludes that in the mid-nineteenth century a description as far as possible in terms of demand factors is the appropriate one. The next two chapters describe the structure and growth of the systems of building grants and pupil-teacher grants; and the consequences for the staffing and expenditure of the Education Department. These are traced in detail, allowing an assessment of the Department's efficiency and the adequacy of the staff to the work, and how these changed over the period. Chapter 4 examines the evidence for Treasury restrictiveness of the Education Department's activities, and finds little, contrary to the assumptions of many accounts of the period. Chapter 5 traces the development of the views of the Newcastle Commission, and of Gladstone's interventions, and relates them to the Revised Code. These are together interpreted as a reassertion, ultimately unsuccessful, of an individualist approach to government intervention against the increasingly collectivist tendency of the system as it had become

Phosphorus Compounds in the Cell Nucleus

1. An investigation has been made of the phosphorus compounds of isolated cell nuclei from fowl erythrocytes, calf thymus, fowl, rabbit and rat liver and the GRCH 15 tumour of the fowl. The results have been expressed both in terms of dry weight of nuclear material and as an absolute amount per single nucleus. 2. Of the total phosphorus present in the cell nucleus 70-90% is present as deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). 3. The DNA content per nucleus of several samples of nuclei from fowl erythrocytes, and rabbit and rat liver is constant for each nuclear type. This constancy is maintained in rat liver even after a 72 hour fast during which there is a decrease in the RNA, phospholipid and protein content of the nucleus. 4. The nuclei of the GRCH 15 tumour have approximately twice the DNA content (per nucleus) of the nuclei of the normal somatic tissues of the fowl. 5. The observation that DNA phosphorus is metabolically almost inactive has been confirmed in experiments in which was used. 6. The presence of ribonucleic acid (RNA) in the cell nucleus has been established by analytical methods. By means of ionophoresis nuclear RNA has been shown to contain the same four nucleotides as RNA from other sources although the relative amounts of the nucleotides are different from those of cytoplasmic RNA. 7. Nuclear RNA incorporates 32P very rapidly in rat liver and the individual nucleotides show different incorporation rates. 8. The presence of phospholipid in the cell nucleus has been confirmed and its turnover shown to be appreciable. 9. "Phosphoprotein" has been detected in the nucleus in small amount and its phosphorus shown to be metabolically highly active. 10. At least two further protein-bound phosphorus containing compounds have been observed in small amount. Their nature is not yet known

Hyperinflation in Zimbabwe: Money Demand, Seigniorage and Aid shocks

Zimbabwe has recently experienced record hyperinflation of 80 billion percent a month. This paper uses new data from Zimbabwe to investigate money demand under hyperinflation using an ARDL estimation for the period 1980-2008. The results produce plausible convergence rates and long-run elasticities, indicating that real money balances are cointegrated with the inflation rate. Evidence is also presented that suggests prices are being driven by increases in the money supply rather than by changes in price setting behaviour. The paper additionally uses the estimated elasticity on the inflation variable to calculate the maximum level of seigniorage revenue that could be raised in the economy. Actual seigniorage levels increased dramatically after 2000, with inflation eventually exceeding the rate required to maximize this revenue stream. This is discussed in relation to international nancing constraints and the collapse of the domestic tax base.

POSTCOLONIAL IRELAND AND ZIMBABWE: STAGNATION BEFORE CONVERGENCE

This paper discusses the slow and hesitant integration of two post-colonial economies into the global economy. One is Ireland, whose independence began in 1921, but which only found its place securely at the productive frontier by the 1990s, with many setbacks on the way. The other is Zimbabwe, which ceased being a colony in 1965 but achieved proper independence only in 1980. Following independence, Zimbabwe’s economic performance in an increasingly globalized world was, like that of Ireland at first, hesitant and disappointing, even before its catastrophic decline in the past decade. Zimbabwe – now reckoned one of the poorest countries in the world – seems to have stumbled through a series of disastrous economic policy errors. Yet the struggles in Zimbabwe over land ownership and the errors in trade policy, fiscal discipline and even financial policy have parallels, more or less close, with the longer and ultimately more successful history of Irish independence.

(Chloromethyl)pentacarbonylmanganese(I): a crystal structure with a non-crystallographic centre of symmetry

There are two molecules in the asymmetric unit of the P2₁/c unit cell of ClCH₂Mn(CO)₅, the first halomethyl complex of manganese to be structurally determined. The molecules are crystallographically independent, despite an apparent local centre of symmetry. The average bond parameters include Mn–Calkyl 2.128(8) Å, C–Cl 1.811(8) Å and Mn–C–Cl 116.4(4)