Performance analysis of carrier aggregation for various mobile network implementations scenario based on spectrum allocated

Carrier Aggregation (CA) is one of the Long Term Evolution Advanced (LTE-A) features that allow mobile network operators (MNO) to combine multiple component carriers (CCs) across the available spectrum to create a wider bandwidth channel for increasing the network data throughput and overall capacity. CA has a potential to enhance data rates and network performance in the downlink, uplink, or both, and it can support aggregation of frequency division duplexing (FDD) as well as time division duplexing (TDD). The technique enables the MNO to exploit fragmented spectrum allocations and can be utilized to aggregate licensed and unlicensed carrier spectrum as well. This paper analyzes the performance gains and complexity level that arises from the aggregation of three inter-band component carriers (3CC) as compared to the aggregation of 2CC using a Vienna LTE System Level simulator. The results show a considerable growth in the average cell throughput when 3CC aggregations are implemented over the 2CC aggregation, at the expense of reduction in the fairness index. The reduction in the fairness index implies that, the scheduler has an increased task in resource allocations due to the added component carrier. Compensating for such decrease in the fairness index could result into scheduler design complexity. The proposed scheme can be adopted in combining various component carriers, to increase the bandwidth and hence the data rates.Comment: 13 page

Wandering, verbally and physically abusive behaviour and their relation with pain in nursing homes residents

Backgrounds:¦Behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) include, among others, hallucinations, delusions, depression, euphoria, agitation, aggression, sexual desinhibition, sleep disturbances, and apathy (1). To our knowledge, surprisingly few studies looked into the possible association between pain and BPSD in nursing home residents. Given this dearth of studies, we wondered whether or not there is an association, in nursing home residents, between pain and BPSD, in particular wandering as well as verbally and physically abusive behaviour, and whether or not this possible association changes with the degree of cognitive impairment.¦Method:¦All nursing home residents in the three Swiss cantons Aargau, Basel-City, and Solothurn (corresponding to 13.5%¦of the total Swiss population) receive a Resident Assessment Instrument Minimum Data Set (RAI-MDS)¦assessment within the first two weeks upon entry. This yielded a total sample of 16'430 nursing home residents considering that the residents' assessment took place between 1997 and 2007 and that we only took into account the admission RAI-MDS assessment. Only residents for whom data on pain was recorded were included in the study (n = 16'183).¦Results:¦Wandering correlated significantly with pain although the effect size was small (Spearman correlation coefficient = 0.052; p = 0.000), a result very similar to that found for VAB (Spearman correlation coefficient = 0.034; p = 0.000) and PAB (Spearman correlation coefficient = 0.043; p = 0.000). Likewise, using linear regression analyses, pain was very significantly associated with any of the three BPSD considered, but it predicted astonishingly little of the¦variance observed (wandering: B = 0.036; p = 0.000; R2 = 0.002; VAB: B = 0.021; p = 0.000; R2 = 0.001 PAB: B = 0.012; p = 0.000; R2 = 0.001). The interaction of pain and cognition had a significant effect on the three BPSD, suggesting that cognition was a moderator of the relationship between pain and all three behaviours.¦Conclusion:¦Wandering behaviours, VAB and PAB seem to be predicted by many factors. Although pain predicts only a small part of variance of these behaviours, it still remains important to recognise and treat pain in order to reduce these behaviours at least a little both in intensity and frequency. Given the dearth of studies and their somewhat contradictory results, further studies ought to investigate the role, the type and localisation of pain might play on the expression of different BPSD or how residents suffering from dementia perceive pain

From Passive White Cube Viewer to Active Black Cube User: Tracking Changes in Museum Environments via 'Interactive' Installation Art (Analogue to Digital 1968-2008)

In many countries of the world, the art gallery used to be mainly a site for contemplation. Now today, many contemporary gallery spaces globally, are sites for 'entertainment' or 'play', in which audiences are immersed in cinematic programmes, or are forced to interact more directly with the works. From the late 1960s many artists' works worldwide had posed challenges to the institutional framework of the Modernist art museum which had been initiated in New York by the Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) in 1929. Much of this was commandeered by artists who would employ the latest form of art and technology such as video art to critique institutional structures. While the accessibility of video technology to artists by the mid- 1970s was less than a decade old the process of commodifying the form of video art had progressed in earnest by the major institutional galleries largely from the late 1960s. Yet the ability of mainstream/large scale galleries such as MoMA or those that would follow MoMA to reconfigure their spatial flexibility would take some time. Central to the urgency of meeting their commitments to commodify the form (as a legitimate form of contemporary art) would be the critique of gallery structures by the artists themselves. The galleries wanting to incorporate this work lacked the ability (largely) to accomplish this. The paper tracks the development of the contemporary art museum/gallery framework (from 'White Cube' to 'Black Cube' paradigm) from a period of high-to-late modernism until the present day (i.e. 1968-2008)

A commentary on Statius' 'Thebaid' 1.1-45

This dissertation discusses the proem of Statius’ Thebaid (1.1-45) and the analysis of the text is split between an introduction, three extended chapters and a lemmatized commentary. Statius’ acknowledgements of his literary debts, in particular Virgil, encourages, if not demands, an intertextual reading of his poetry. As such, my first chapter, Literary Models, looks at how Statius engages with his epic models, namely Homer, Virgil, Lucan and Ovid, but also how he draws upon the rich literary Theban tradition. Like all Roman poets, Statius is highly self-conscious of his craft, and draws upon Hellenistic and lyric models to enrich his epic and define himself as an exemplary poet. I will argue that the proem offers a useful lens for analysing the Thebaid and introduces his epic in exemplary fashion, in the sense that he draws attention to the concept of opening his epic with the use of traditional tropes (namely, the invocation of inspiring force; a recusatio; an imperial encomium and a synopsis of the poem’s narrative). Considering the importance of origins in the Thebaid, and the inability to escape them, I consider the proem, in this sense, the origin of the poem itself insofar as elements of it are constantly ‘remembered’ and reiterated throughout the poem. The central feature of the proem is the encomium to Domitian, in which Statius advises Domitian to realize his own limits and hence retain order of the world he rules over, articulating contemporary concerns about succession and empire. Statius, in a similar manner, expresses intent to impose limits upon his own poem, which prompted me to write the chapter entitled Restraint. The third chapter, Characterisation, draws upon the discussions in Literary Models and Restraint in an analysis of the heroes introduced at 1.41-45

Study On The Level Of Corporate Social Disclosure Practices In Malaysia. [HG4244.66. S531 2004 f rb] [Microfiche 7627]

This research examines the level of corporate social disclosure (CSD) among Malaysian companies. Kajian ini menghuraikan tahap penzahiran sosial korporat(PSK) dikalangan syarikat-syarikat di Malaysia

Brynmawr experiment 1928-1940 : Quaker values and arts and crafts principles

This is a study of the social work of Quakers in the town of Brynmawr in South Wales during the depressions of the 1920s and 1930s. The work, which took place during the years 1928 to 1940, has become known as the Brynmawr Experiment. The initial provision of practical and financial relief for a town suffering severely from the effects of unemployment, was developed with the establishment of craft workshops to provide employment. Special reference is made to the furniture making workshop and the personnel involved with it. The thesis attempts to trace links between the moral and aesthetic values of Quakerism and the Arts and Crafts Movement and explores the extent to which the guiding principles of the social witness project and the furniture making enterprise resemble those of the Arts and Crafts Movement of the inter-war years, 1919-1939. All aspects of the Quaker work at Brynmawr were prompted by concern for social justice and upholding the dignity of each individual. These were also the concerns of John Ruskin and William Morris which motivated the formation of the Arts and Crafts Movement in the! 880s. The Arts and Crafts principles which persisted into the twentieth century in the craft communities of C. R. Ashbee and of Eric Gill, and in the craftsmanship of the Cotswold furniture makers, provides an Arts and Crafts context for the Brynmawr furniture. It is argued that similarities between the aesthetic and moral principles of the members of the Religious Society of Friends (Quakers) and those of Ruskin, Morris and their followers establish a synonymity in which they are linked by a common integrity. It is further argued that as a social project arising out of and responding to the specific economic conditions of the time, the Brynmawr Experiment and its furniture making enterprise is, by virtue of such links with Arts and Crafts, a potentially unique Quaker social witness project

A Review of Partial Replacement of Cement with Some Agro Wastes

The use of Acha husk ash (AHA), Bambara groundnut husk ash (BGHA), Bone powder ash (BPA), Groundnut husk ash (GHA), Rice husk ash (RHA), and Wood ash (WA) to partially replace cement as a binder was reviewed. Analysis of results, using oxide composition, compound composition obtained using Bogue’s model, and results of test conducted in the laboratory, showed that only the replacement of cement with 10%BPA  exhibited a convincing increase in compressive strength of 7.14% above that obtain with the use of cement. Decrease in compressive strength observed with other agro waste was attributed to increase in SiO2 component and decrease in CaO component of cement-agro wastes mixtures. Incorporation of lime into the mixture is here by recommended for increase in strength

Impact of Role Overload on Job Performance among Construction Workers

This research examined the Impact of Role Overload on Job Performance among construction workers. 103 junior workers selected via simple random sampling were used for the study. They were all males and have a mean age of 31 years. Two instruments were used: Rizo et al (1970) Role conflict scale measured Role Overload while the Annual Performance Ratings of the organization measured workers performance. The results showed that the low performance workers experienced greater role-overload than the moderate and high performance workers. Thus, the hypothesis that role overload affects workers performance negatively was accepted. It is recommended that organizations should reduce work load in line with human capacity, redesign jobs and employ more workers to reduce role overload

Air Entrainment Processes in a Circular Plunging Jet: Void-Fraction and Acoustic Measurements

Circular plunging jets were studied by both void fraction and acoustic techniques. There were two aims: to measure the structure of the jet flow and its regimes as a function of jet speed and free-jet length; and to develop and validate the acoustic measurement technique in the developing flow. Void fractions and bubble count rates were measured in the developing shear layer of a large-size plunging jet (d_1 = 25 mm). The data compared well with a solution of an advective diffusion equation and showed an increased air entrainment rate with increasing free-jet length for x_1 /d_1 =/ < 12. The acoustic data were processed by a novel technique to extract both bubble count and bubble size data. Three plunging jet flow regimes were noted. Near inception, acoustic pulses are isolated and indicate individual bubble entrainment as observable visually. Above a characteristic jet velocity, the number of the bubble pulses increases sharply although bubbles are still produced intermittently. At higher velocities, bubble production becomes quasi-continuous. The study suggests that an acoustic technique calibrated through detailed laboratory measurements can provide useful, absolute data in high-void fraction flows. The robust acoustic sensor can then be used in hostile industrial or environmental flows where more delicate instruments are impractical