Migracii v SSSR v 1926-1939 godah

Les migrations de population en URSS, 1926-1939. – Cet article est consacré aux migrations de population durant la période 1926-1939 entre les républiques européennes et les républiques asiatiques de l’URSS. Pour effectuer les calculs, on a utilisé les matériaux des recensements de 1926, 1937 et 1939 sur la composition nationale de la population par région. Selon ces estimations, le solde migratoire entre la Russie et le Kazakhstan et l’Asie Centrale était négatif : -1 490 000, et -531 000 entre la Russie et la Transcaucasie ; avec l’Ukraine et la Biélorussie il était respectivement de -217 000 et -57 000. Le Kazakhstan a accueilli 550 000 personnes, l’Asie Centrale 1 155 000 et la Transcaucasie 590 000. Ces calculs paraissent quelque peu sous-estimés car ils ne tiennent pas compte des lacunes du recensement de 1937 concernant la composition de la population par nationalité ainsi que les pertes subies par les personnes déplacées après leur arrivée. Durant la même période, 590 000 personnes venant d’Ukraine et 273 000 personnes venant de Biélorussie sont arrivées en Russie.Internal migrations in the USSR between 1926 and 1939. – This article deals with the population migrations that took place between the Soviet European and Asian republics during the years 1926-1939. Our computations were based on materials from the 1926, 1937 and 1939 censuses of the ethnic composition of the population region by region. According to these estimations the migratory balance between Russia and Kazakhstan and Central Asia was negative: -1,490,000; the same is true concerning migrations between Russia and Transcaucasia: -531,000; the balance reached -217,000 for the Ukraine and -57,000 for Bielorussia. Kazakhstan took in 550,000 people, Central Asia, 1,155,000 and Transcaucasia, 590,000. These results seem to be somewhat underestimated because they do not take into account gaps in the 1937 census’ population breakdown by nationality and the human losses which occurred after migration. During that time, 590,000 people moved to Russia from the Ukraine and 273,000 from Bielorussia

Переводческие трансформации на морфологическом и синтаксическом уровнях (на материале английского и таджикского языков)

The article examines the influence of various methods of syntactic and morphological transformations on the process of translating the literary works. The translation transformations or modification of translation, which is often used in the translation process in case of the incorrespondences in the lexical units of the source language and the target language, and their purpose is reflected in the compatibility of the structure and content of the source text and the translation text. Thanks to the use of translation transformations, it is possible to transfer any language units of the source language(s) to the translation language(s). Of course, the correct use of translation transformations depends on the translator's talent and experience. The author comes to conclusion that the translator sometimes breaks the rules of syntactic features of the sentence. At the same time, according to the author's conclusions, the correct and purposeful use of translation transformations depends on the skills, knowledge, experience and imagination of the translator, and in the presence of such qualities, the end result will change for the better. Some methods of the syntactic-morphological transformations are used together while translating from English into Tajik, because when translating the translator adds extra words and phrases because of interlingual asymmetry.The article examines the influence of various methods of syntactic and morphological transformations on the process of translating the literary works. The translation transformations or modification of translation, which is often used in the translation process in case of the incorrespondences in the lexical units of the source language and the target language, and their purpose is reflected in the compatibility of the structure and content of the source text and the translation text. Thanks to the use of translation transformations, it is possible to transfer any language units of the source language(s) to the translation language(s). Of course, the correct use of translation transformations depends on the translator's talent and experience. The author comes to conclusion that the translator sometimes breaks the rules of syntactic features of the sentence. At the same time, according to the author's conclusions, the correct and purposeful use of translation transformations depends on the skills, knowledge, experience and imagination of the translator, and in the presence of such qualities, the end result will change for the better. Some methods of the syntactic-morphological transformations are used together while translating from English into Tajik, because when translating the translator adds extra words and phrases because of interlingual asymmetry.В статье рассматривается влияние различных методов синтаксической и морфологической трансформаций на процесс перевода художественных произведений. Переводческие трансформации, или модификация перевода, которая часто используется в процессе перевода в случае несоответствий в лексических единицах исходного языка и языка перевода, и их предназначение отражается в совместимости структуры и содержания исходного текста и текста перевода. Благодаря использованию переводческих трансформаций можно перенести любые языковые единицы исходного языка (ИЯ) к языку перевода (ЯП). Конечно, правильное использование переводческих трансформаций зависит от таланта и опыта переводчика. Автор приходит к выводу, что переводчик иногда нарушает правила синтаксических особенностей предложения. При этом, согласно выводам автора, правильное и целенаправленное использование переводческих трансформаций зависит от навыков, знаний, опыта и фантазии переводчика, а при наличии таких качеств конечный результат изменится к лучшему. Некоторые методы синтаксико-морфологических трансформаций вместе используются при переводе с английского на таджикский, потому что при переводе переводчик прибавляет дополнительные слова и фразы в результате межъязыковой асимметрии

Community practice and religion at an Early Islamic cemetery in highland Central Asia

Archaeological studies of Early Islamic communities in Central Asia have focused on lowland urban communities. Here, the authors report on recent geophysical survey and excavation of an Early Islamic cemetery at Tashbulak in south-eastern Uzbekistan. AMS dating places the establishment of the cemetery in the mid-eighth century AD, making it one of the earliest Islamic burial grounds documented in Central Asia. Burials at Tashbulak conform to Islamic prescriptions for grave form and body deposition. The consistency in ritual suggests the existence of a funerary community of practice, challenging narratives of Islamic conversion in peripheral areas as a process of slow diffusion and emphasising the importance of archaeological approaches for documenting the diversity of Early Islamic communities.Introduction Background and rationale The site of Tashbulak Islamic burial The Tashbulak cemetery - Burial forms - Body treatment - Demographic profile - Chronology Discussion Conclusio

Optimization of the set of loading -transportation machines

In this case, the road is being restored The results of scientific research on the effective use method and calculation of the used excavator-transport machinery set are being seen. The main indicators considered are the labor cost of loading and transporting soils used in road pavement rehabilitation and the performance of road transport. In this work, the optimal operational parameters of the set of machines used in the construction and repair of the road were determined

Research on methods for effective use of machines in kit in construction and repair of asphalt concrete pavement

This paper develops a methodology for studying the effective use of asphalt paving and transport machines, the main determining parameters of which are the cost and productivity of transporting and laying asphalt concrete mix. An algorithm has been developed for optimizing the operational performance of a set of asphalt paving and transport machines in the construction and repair of roads

Studies of the periodicity of the service Volvo excavator service EW 145 b

At present, the efficient and economical use of road construction machines in the construction, repair and maintenance of roads is a very urgent task. On this aspect of studying and researching the effective and economical use of newly arriving road equipment, incl. single-bucket excavators of foreign countries, when there is no regulatory documentation for their technical operation, is an urgent task. This study is aimed at studying the technical characteristics and frequency of maintenance of a VOLVO single-bucket excavator EW 145B _ By fuel consumption and machine output

Research on the creation of a joint filler on the basis of a trailed tractor

This article is dedicated to the development of a joint filler for cracks in asphalt concrete pavement, as well as for expansion joints in cement concrete pavement. The article presents the choice of unified units and units of the joint filler unit being developed for cracks in asphalt concrete pavement and for expansion joints in cement concrete pavement. Some methods for calculating the main parameters of the created joint filler are presented. In addition, a suitable prototype of a joint filler, cracks in the asphalt concrete pavement and expansion joints in the cement concrete pavement were selected from several types