Bakeable McLeod gauge

A low pressure gauge of the McLeod type demonstrating superior performance and measuring characteristics is described. A mercury reservoir which is kept in a vacuum at all times as well as bakeable glass components to reduce contamination are featured

Baking enables McLeod gauge to measure in ultrahigh vacuum range

Accurate measurements in the ultrahigh vacuum range by a conventional McLeod gage requires degassing of the gage's glass walls. A closed system, in which mercury is forced into the gage by gravity alone, and in which the gage components are baked out for long periods, is used to achieve this degassing

Cold cathode ionization gage has rigid metal housing

Cold cathode ionization gage in a stainless steel housing accurately measures high pressures. The penning effect is used with a high voltage discharge in the presence of a magnetic field for an ion current proportional to the gas pressure in the gage

The recent New England Pulitzer prize winners--Coffin, Frost, Hillyer

This item was digitized by the Internet Archive. Thesis (M.A.)--Boston UniversityProblem. In this study we shall examine the life, work, beliefs, and contemporary criticism of Coffin, Frost, and Hilly er in an endeavor to show: 1. that the better New England poets represent an island of classicism in the general sea of American poetic romanticism. 2. that the average American poetry critic of the day completely misunderstands and misinterprets the New Englanders. 3. that the great mass of critical evaluation of the day is hopelessly inadequate in its classification of modern poets, especially those of New England. The proof of the first proposition will aid us in deciding whether the New England background has contributed anything special to its poets. The proof of the second proposition should show the need for checking the loose and vague critical use of terms and the oversimplified classification of poets by means of a single label. The proof of the third proposition will bring us to a defense and justification of the much maligned New Englanders. Method. Our method will first require that we present a brief review of the contemporary American scene in poetry. The review will be organized along two major lines: 1. A history of the trends in American poetry since 1912. 2. A discussion of the chief American poets since 1912. The history of the poetic trends will enable us to perceive in its broad outlines the general direction which the mass of our poetry has taken. The discussion of our outstanding poets will enable us to tie this direction down to particular individuals. Once this background has been established we can then place the New England poets against it so as to see more clearly exactly what their position is. Our next step will consist of a factual summary of the lives of our three poets--Coffin, Frost, and Hillyer. This will give us material with which we can compare the backgrounds of the poets, and will lead us to a consideration of those influences in their backgrounds which have made for classicism. The final procedure will take us to a careful analysis of the criticism which has been offered on these men by their contemporaries; and a critical examination of the poetry which they have written, and the beliefs which they have expressed. For the review of the contemporary scene the chief modern literary historians and critics will be referred to. Biographical data on the lives of our poets will be gathered from all available published sources. The discussion of the background for classicism will be based on reputable histories of the particular New England institutions involved. Finally, the critical material on our poets will be collected from all of the materials on the subject that are extant; and the examination of the work and beliefs of the poets will be based on their latest and best known writings. Findings. With the problem in mind, and using the methods outlined above several things became evident. The general body of modern American poetry was shown to be romantic and experimental and the chief of the practicing poets were see to be for the most part romantic users of free verse. The New England poets stood out by virtue of the fact that they were classical and traditional in their poetry and because of the tremendous percentage of success that they had achieved (on the Pulitzer Prize) as against the poets of the rest of the country. The lives of our poets--Coffin, Frost, and Hillyer--revealed certain things which they had in common: residence and education acquired in New England's old universities (Harvard and Bowdoin), connection and contact with England, love for the land and nature, membership in Phi Beta Kappa, and publication in the Atlantic Monthly. These institutions we saw were all connected in the New England background because their founders and chief men had in each instance consisted of the same group. We pointed out that the original influences had been classical and traditional and had persisted to this day. They were in large measure responsible for the classicism of the poets of our study. In our examination of the work and beliefs of the New Englanders it was at once made clear beyond doubt that all of them were classical in their attitude toward their poetry and traditional in their use of verse. We saw, too, that the critics misunderstood and misinterpreted the New Englanders accusing them: 1. of having no philosophy, 2. of being aloof and showing no concern for man. Our analysis of the work and beliefs of the poets proved this to be untrue. The New Englanders all deplored our modern mechanized, mercantile society and recommended a return to nature and the simple, elemental things of life. They all showed a strong belief in the unity of humanity and God, and in the value of the human spirit. Coffin we saw to be more assertive in this belief and more propagandists in his approach. Frost and Hillyer both repudiated any tendency toward extreme points of view socially or politically and adhere to the middle ground, the golden mean, as a way of life. In our study of modern criticism as it has been applied to these men two things became evident: 1. that most of the critics attempted to classify these poets with some one term such as "realist," etc., 2. that the critics for the most part disagreed greatly over what terms were to be applied, some using "realist" while another used "naturalist" for the same thing. We saw in our analysis of Coffin, Frost, and Hillyer that the first of these practices is a serious fallacy since the poets were all complex men with many sides to their development, all of which require adequate critical consideration. The second practise is obviously bad for criticism as a science since the first necessity of any profession is that those who practise it agree on the terminology which they must use

United States v. Bryant, Federal Habitual Offender Laws, and the Rights of Defendants in Tribal Courts: A Better Solution to Domestic Violence Exists

“If you cannot afford an attorney, one will be appointed for you.” Since Miranda v. Arizona, that popularized phrase has widely been regarded as true in the United States. However, because the Bill of Rights does not apply to Native American tribes, defendants in tribal courts are regularly sentenced to imprisonment without the aid of counsel. One of those defendants was Michael Bryant, who has several convictions for domestic assault and was not appointed counsel even though he was indigent and imprisoned. Domestic assault is a terrible problem in Native American communities. Native American women suffer from domestic violence at higher rates than any other racial group. In an effort to reduce domestic violence in the tribes, Congress criminalized domestic assault by a habitual offender. That crime requires two prior convictions, which can be obtained in tribal courts. However, because the Indian Civil Rights Act (ICRA) does not guarantee the same rights as the United States Constitution, a conviction may be valid in tribal court even though it would have been unconstitutional had it been obtained in state or federal court. That conviction may then be used as a predicate offense for domestic assault by a habitual offender. In United States v. Bryant, the Supreme Court held that it is permissible to use uncounseled tribal court convictions as predicate offenses. The Court decided the issue, but a sense of injustice remains. It seems backhanded to use uncounseled tribal convictions to prove an element of a federal offense when those same convictions could not be used if they had been obtained in a different court. This Note proposes three solutions. One solution is to amend the Indian Civil Rights Act to make tribal court defendants’ rights coexistant with state or federal court defendants’ rights. Another is to give tribal courts the authority to impose harsher penalties for domestic assault instead of leaving the federal government as the only court system with the ability to impose adequate penalties. A third proposal is to expand the jurisdiction of tribal courts to allow them to prosecute non-members who commit offenses on tribal lands. Each of these solutions preserves the Court’s reasoning in United States v. Bryant while making the process more just for offenders, victims, and the tribes

Inflation system for balloon type satellites Patent

Inflation system for balloon type satellite

Oliver Wendell Holmes and the genesis of naturalism

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Boston UniversityThe underlying purpose of the dissertation is to present Oliver Wendell Holmes as he really was, stripped of the layers of loose critical verbiage that have been swathed about his work and reputation. The central thesis demonstrates that Holmes was a philosophic naturalist, the author of the first naturalistic novel in America, and that he was one of the indigenous sources for the early and wide-spread dissemination of philosophic naturalism in America. The dissertation is basically an essay in the history of ideas, and is occupied primarily with the ideas of Oliver Wendell Holmes, especially as they have literary bearings and consequences. The central idea under study, naturalism, is in reality a complex of ideas, all complementing each other, and leading to a common goal. After defining the ideas under discussion, the major philosophical and literary trends of the nineteenth century are traced, so as to provide the proper background for an understanding of Holmes's ideas. This is followed by a discussion of Holmes's personal background, and a survey of the Holmes of tradition. The next step was to trace and define Holmes's dominant ideas as they appear in his writings. This is followed by an analysis of those ideas as Holmes applied them to his own literary work, and a final evaluation of Holmes as a man, writer and critic in the light of material presented in the dissertation

Time dependent motion of a conducting sheet of liquid in an electromagnetic field

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Boston UniversityThe basic objective ot the dissertation was to derive and evolve the time dependent one dimensional equation of motion for an infinite sheet or viscous, incompressible, conducting liquid of finite thickness. The liquid is acted upon by a transverse spatially homogeneous magnetic field, by current from an external source, and by mechanical pressure gradients. Two simultaneous, linear, partial differential equations were derived which give the relationship between the fluid velocity v(x, t) and a "reduced" variable h'(x,t). This latter variable is proportional to the induced magnetic field h(x,t) but has the dimensions of a velocity. To obtain as much generality as possible, it was assumed that the mechanical and electromagnetic driving terms could be expressed either in terms of Fourier series or Fourier integrals. The system equations were first solved for an arbitrary, single-frequency, complex harmonic driving function. The solution for driving functions expressible as a sum or integral of complex harmonic terms become simply the corresponding sum or integral of the solutions for the individual harmonic components. Special attention was given to the two important cases in which the driving terms are either constant or sinusoidal. In the former case, it is shown how Hartmann's two steady state solutions depend on the induced magnetic field boundary condition. It is pointed out that Hartmann's solutions are really one-dimensional approximations of a two dimensional problem. In the latter case, the system equations are similar to those for coupled circuits and the solutions exhibit a phase lag for v and h with respect to the driving pressure gradients. Both solutions are shown to vary in transcendental fashion with the value of the dimensionless parameter that has been labelled by the letter M in recent work by Shercliff and Murgatroyd. A dimensional analysis reveals that M^2 is the ratio between the electromagnetic and viscous forces per unit volume of the fluid, a fact that was overlooked in Lehnert's recent work. The complete solutions of the system equations were found by making use of the Laplace transformation technique in combination with Fourier series expansions. The transient portion of the solutions involve two exponential terms. It is shown how these solutions may be simplified when they are applied to liquid metals under conditions ordinarily existing in laboratory work. Several examples are worked out which illustrate the acceleration from root to a steady state condition or sheets of liquid mercury. It is found that the fluid velocity and induced magnetic field approach their steady state values in a smooth, monotonically increasing, exponential fashion, provided that a certain inequality exists between various parameters of the syetem. When this inequality is violated, as it may be, the approach to steady state becomes an oscillating, exponential approach. A separate chapter is devoted to a derivation of the system equations for two-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic motion in rectangular channels. It is assumed that a charge distribution develops in the fluid. The resulting set of partial differential equations is non-linear. Some experimental work concerning the movement of mercury electromagnetically is described. Results are reported which confirm the order of magnitude of liquid mercury motion under conditions similar to those assumed in the theoretical examples

Calling All Supreme Court Justices! It Might Be Time to Settle This Rejection Business Once and For All: A Look at \u3cem\u3eSunbeam Products v. Chicago American Manufacturing\u3c/em\u3e and the Resulting Circuit Split

As effective and efficient bankruptcy proceedings have become increasingly important in recent years, so has the need to protect intellectual property licenses. The Bankruptcy Code allows the representative of a bankrupt estate, with the court\u27s approval, to reject executory contracts. Although rejection has taken many forms over the years, its goal is to offer debtors and trustees with a means to maximize the value of the bankrupt estate\u27s remaining assets. Rejection accomplishes this by treating contracts that contain unfulfilled obligations by both parties as having been breached by the representative of the bankrupt estate. However, the implications of this breach are anything but clear. Contrary to previous cases, the Seventh Circuit, in Sunbeam Products, Inc. v. Chicago American Manufacturing LLC, held that the rejection of a trademark license did not prevent the licensee from further use of the trademark. This decision has created a split among the circuits, primarily with the Fourth Circuit. In 1985, the Fourth Circuit, in Lubrizol Enterprises, Inc. v. Richmond Metal Finishers, Inc., held that rejection gave the representative of the bankrupt estate the right to reclaim licensed intellectual property. Worried that decisions like Lubrizol would have a chilling effect on the intellectual property production and licensing industry, Congress enacted Section 365(n) of the Bankruptcy Code in 1988, which precludes representatives of bankrupt estates from rejecting intellectual property licenses. Section 365(n) included copyright and patent licenses, but excluded trademarks until further research could be done. Since the enactment of Section 365(n), courts have used their equitable powers to prevent representatives of bankrupt estates from rejecting trademark licenses. However, Sunbeam held that courts should not rely on equity when the statutory language provides licensees the same protections. According to Sunbeam, rejection is not tantamount to rescission, but rather treats the executory aspects of the contract as having been breached by the representative of the bankrupt estate. The licensee may continue using the intellectual property, but merely has a prepetition claim for money damages with regards to the breached portions of the contract. This eases the representative of the bankrupt estate\u27s burden by allowing it to choose not to perform any further obligations, while the licensee may continue using the property it had previously bargained for. This Note discusses the various theories of rejection as they apply to trademarks and other intellectual property. Furthermore, this Note argues that Sunbeam was properly decided and that the Supreme Court should settle what it means to reject trademark license agreements

A hearing aid orientation pamphlet for clinical use with first-time hearing aid users

This paper discusses the use of a pamphlet to help first-time hearing aid users adjust to their hearing aids