Antibiotic susceptibility and high prevalence of extended spectrum beta-lactamase producing Escherichia coli in iranian broilers

Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli have rapidly spread worldwide and cause serious threats for public health. The study was conducted to determine the antibiotic resistance and characterization of ESBL producing E. coli strains isolated from broilers in Northern Iran. Antibiotic susceptibility test was done for a total of 100 isolates of E. coli, recovered from 240 broiler fecal samples at the slaughterhouse stage. ESBL production was screened using double-disc synergy test (DDST) and presence of four ESBL genes including blaPER, blaVEB, blaTEM and blaCTX-M was tested using PCR. Among 100 strains isolated from broilers, 53 were identified as ESBL-producing E. coli. All (100) ESBL positive isolates were typed according to the presence of one or two ESBL-associated genes. The most prevalent gene among ESBLs was CTX-M (60.3) and the PER gene was not present among isolates. All isolates in this study were resistant to colistin and nalidixic acid but were 100 sensitive to cefalexin and furazolidone. The results demonstrated the high prevalence of antibiotic resistant and ESBL producing E. coli among broilers which representing the risk of increasing these strains in human infections associated with food animals

COMPUTATIONAL MODELING OF LAMINATED VENEER BAMBOO (LVB) DOWEL JOINTS

Laminated veneer bamboo (LVB) is a sustainable building material that has been gaining interest in the construction industry of late. As a relatively new product, little is known about its connection performance, specifically, its failure behavior in dowel type joints and possible similarities it may have to engineered wood products in terms of failure mechanisms. Research is needed to aid in the understanding of LVB dowel connection failure behavior and to quantify the failure mechanism and key factors associated with LVB dowel connection strength. Modeling, as conducted in this research, is a valuable tool to help devise safe standards and formulations for future LVB product adoption, design, and implementation. In this dissertation, a finite element model was described to investigate dowel bearing failure when loaded parallel-to-grain. The model was calibrated and validated through comparison with experimental results. Frictional contact was incorporated in the model and the coefficient of friction was proved to be a key factor in finding the maximum shear stress location. According to both the FE model and experimental results, the high shear stress-to-strength ratio is the major cause of failure when the dowel is loaded parallel-to-grain. Moreover, tensile stress perpendicular-to-grain is observed to be an influential secondary cause of failure. Once the FE model was established and the primary study was done, a quantitative comparison was carried out between the two test methods offered by ASTM5764 standard (full-hole and half hole specimen) for timber products to see if the same condition holds for LVB and other similar wood engineering products. Followed by a study conducted to investigate the effectiveness of Hankinson formula for LVB dowel joints which subsequently resulted in devising the formulation, so it can calculate bearing strength at different angles to the grain for LVB material. This research study will contribute to safer design and implementation of LVB bolted connections and development of standard test method for wood-composite materials including LVB

Domain-wall excitations in the two-dimensional Ising spin glass

The Ising spin glass in two dimensions exhibits rich behavior with subtle differences in the scaling for different coupling distributions. We use recently developed mappings to graph-theoretic problems together with highly efficient implementations of combinatorial optimization algorithms to determine exact ground states for systems on square lattices with up to $10\,000\times 10\,000$ spins. While these mappings only work for planar graphs, for example for systems with periodic boundary conditions in at most one direction, we suggest here an iterative windowing technique that allows one to determine ground states for fully periodic samples up to sizes similar to those for the open-periodic case. Based on these techniques, a large number of disorder samples are used together with a careful finite-size scaling analysis to determine the stiffness exponents and domain-wall fractal dimensions with unprecedented accuracy, our best estimates being $\theta = -0.2793(3)$ and $d_\mathrm{f} = 1.273\,19(9)$ for Gaussian couplings. For bimodal disorder, a new uniform sampling algorithm allows us to study the domain-wall fractal dimension, finding $d_\mathrm{f} = 1.279(2)$. Additionally, we also investigate the distributions of ground-state energies, of domain-wall energies, and domain-wall lengths.Comment: 19 pages, 12 figures, 5 tables, accepted versio

MODERN TEACHER PREPARATION: REALITIES AND PROBLEMS

As one of the priorities of the state educational policy teacher training was equally worried all of − theorists and practitioners. Systems of primary, secondary, secondary vocational, higher education have two main bases − organizing on teachers and educators interests. Deficiencies in one of the parties ultimately show themselves on the others activity.As one of the priorities of the state educational policy teacher training was equally worried all of − theorists and practitioners. Systems of primary, secondary, secondary vocational, higher education have two main bases − organizing on teachers and educators interests. Deficiencies in one of the parties ultimately show themselves on the others activity

Species Richness in Relation to the Presence of Crop Plants in Families of Higher Plants

Crop species richness and percentages of cultivated plants in 75 families comprisingmore than 220000 species were analyzed. Three major groups have been made. The first group is including the “big five” families with 10000 and more species in each. The second group comprises 50 families with more than thousand and up to 10000 species and finally the third group contains families with relatively high numbers of crop species. The percentage of cultivated species is various, from 0.16 to 7.25 in group 1, 0 to 7.24 in group 2 and 2.30 to 32.5 in group 3. The results show that there is a positive correlation (r = + 0.56) between number of crop plants and species diversity of the families

Threatened and Rare Ornamental Plants

The application of IUCN criteria and Red List Categories was done for ornamental plants. Main sources of the study were Glen’s book, Cultivated Plants of Southern Africa (Glen, 2002) and the Red List of Threatened Plants, IUCN (2001). About 500 threatened ornamental plants could be found and presented in respective lists. Rare ornamental plants with 209 species is the largest group followed by Vulnerable (147), Endangered (92), Indeterminate (37), Extinct (6) and finally Extinct/Endangered groups with 2 species. A weak positive correlation (r = +0.36 ) was found between the number of threatened species and the number of threatened ornamental species within the families

A case report of Synovial Sarcoma of the Esophagus

 Majority of esophageal malignancies are Adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. Other histologies such as melanoma, sarcoma, and lymphoma may exist. Among the sarcomas, synovial sarcomas are a rare entity of malignant mesenchymal tumors and less than ten cases of primary synovial sarcoma of the esophagus have been reported worldwide. We report a 28 year old man with primary synovial sarcoma of esophagus that underwent surgery and chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy. He was disease - free for 4 months. He died soon afterwards due to lung metastasis. This case survived about 18 months

A Novel Detection Method for Grey Hole Attack in RPL

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a type of network that involves the Internet and things. This network consists of constrained devices that are connected through an IP protocol. In the IoT, a network with constrained devices is called 6LowPAN. RPL is a routing protocol to address the constraints and specific properties of these networks; though RPL puts the networks at risk through a large variety of attacks. The urgent need to develop secure routing solutions is required. In this paper, we investigated grey hole attacks and presented a detection method to identify and isolate the malicious node. The experiments show the proposed detection method improves PDR, Throughput and reduces PLR and E2ED in comparison with other scenarios

Does the Number of Occupants in an Office Influence Individual Perceptions of Comfort and Productivity?-New Evidence from 5000 Office Workers

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