Ré-ingénierie d'une plate-forme fondée sur la modélisation d'un processus global de FOAD

Les actes papiers peuvent être commandés à l'adresse suivant http://www.utc.fr/tice2004/commande_actes_tice2004.docLMS providers have to adjust their products to the newneeds of their customers as well as to an evolving technological context, they do not start from scratch but from existing products. A re-engineering process for existing software is described in this paper, it aims at providing a component based architecture for reusable and interoperable components. The proposal includes a functional specification relying on the global cycle of ODL and a component based decomposition implementing the listed functions. For heading towards interoperability at the data exchange level, a model allowing data classification is proposed. Finally a set of metadata is proposed for resource indexing.Les fournisseurs de plates-formes pour la formation en ligne doivent pouvoir adapter leur offre aux nouveaux besoins des acteurs et aux évolutions technologiques tout en exploitant un existant. Un processus de réingénierie de logiciel existant, aboutissant à une architecture à base de composants réutilisables et interopérables est proposé dans cet article. Il comprend une spécification fonctionnelle couvrant l'ensemble du cycle d'une FOAD et une décomposition en composants implantant les fonctionnalités retenues. Pour assurer l'interopérabilité au niveau des données, un modèle permettant d'organiser et de hiérarchiser les données échangées est proposé, pour décrire les ressources un premier ensemble de métadonnées a été mis en évidence

A process oriented approach for Modelling On line Learning Environments

In this paper we describe the modelling approach used in an on going project bringing together partners from the academic world and from a company. The two main features of this approach are the following. Firstly, it starts from the production model recommended by ISO for modelling any production activity in industry and then it refines and specialises this general cycle to on-line learning production. Secondly, it takes a reverse engineering perspective as it starts from an existing set of software services, which are currently tailored to customers'needs by the company engineers. The general model includes three complementary views: a process oriented-view, a life cycle oriented view and a data flow oriented view. We compare this model with some models previously proposed or currently in use. Then we give an overview of SERPOLET; the kernel set of services which is included in all the on line learning delivery environments currently provided by the company. We show how the existing components can be split throughout the models. Finally, we show our perspectives for anticipating forthcoming needs

Next generation sequencing analysis reveals a relationship between rDNA unit diversity and locus number in Nicotiana diploids

© 2012 Matyášek et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited

Transposable elements and the detection of somaclonal variation in plant tissue culture

Plant tissue culture uses the genetic potential, or totipotency, of plants to regenerate and give rise to a whole plant. Tissue culture-derived plants are expected to have identical genetic material to the parent, and thus can serve as an effective tool for controlled, mass clonal propagation. However, somaclonal variation has been observed in plant tissue culture due to either point mutations, transposition activity of mobile genetic elements, chromosomal rearrangements, or ploidy level changes, causing genetic instability. Tissue culture-induced mutations associated with transposable element activities have been reported from many plant studies, related to stress conditions during tissue culture such as wounding, exposure to hormones and/or specific compounds in the growth media, and genomic shocks from cytological changes. Transposable elements are repetitive DNA fragments with the ability to transpose from one region to another within a genome. Mutations that may occur during plant tissue culture suggest that the plantlets have to be regularly monitored. Methyl-sensitive transposon display (MSTD) is an advanced, efficient DNA fingerprinting technique that can simultaneously detect genetic variation, changes in transposable element insertion sites and the status of cytosine methylation of DNA in plant genomes. The main principles and notes for application of MSTD such as design of element-specific primers, identification of transposable element sequences in plant genomes, selection of the isochizomer enzymes used, and different classes of banding pattern shown are briefly discussed based on our preliminary work with Nicotiana benthamiana (Tnt1 retroelement) and Musa acuminata (Copia-33 Mad-I retroelement) examples

La discipline informatique et l'éducation à la maîtrise de l'information

Publié dans les e-dossiers de l'audiovisuel de l'ina, janvier 2012Nous analysons ici la discipline informatique, son évolution et en particulier l'information au sein de l'informatique, en utilisant successivement l'angle de vue des définitions, le point de vue des institutions de recherche, celui des rapports entre l'informatique et beaucoup d'autres champs disciplinaires et celui des professionnels. Une fois ces différentes vues de l'informatique présentées et mises en perspective, il devient possible de s'interroger sur des ensembles de compétences pour laNational audienceDans notre société, souvent qualifiée de société de l'information, l'éducation de tous à l'information est un enjeu majeur. L'informatique est une des sciences qui s'intéresse à l'information, plus précisément à son traitement par des machines. L'objectif de cet article est de questionner l'informatique selon différents points de vue, recherche, professionnels et autres disciplines, pour apporter des éclairages variés sur le rôle qu'elle a joué et doit jouer dans la formation des citoyens à la maîtrise d'une information omniprésente dans leur vie professionnelle, sociale et personnelle

The e-Fran Program: A Nation-Wide Initiative Supporting Research Projects to Foster Learning and Teaching Through Digital Technologies

Part 1: Futures of Technology for Learning and EducationInternational audienceThis paper presents e-Fran, an on-going French initiative for linking academics from various disciplines and practitioners to design and test innovative ways of using digital technologies to improve learning outcomes. It is a research policy paper as first research results are not yet available. e-Fran is a nation-wide research program deployed in France from October 2016 over four years. The national context, the objectives, the project selection process and the funded projects are described as well as the follow-up actions

Merging semantic and participative approaches for organising teachers' documents

International audienceCommunities of teachers need tools to gather and organise educational resources scattered over the Web. As current generic search engines are insufficient to deal with contexts, these tools must rely on human annotations. First, we compare the Semantic Web and the Participative Web (2.0) approaches to annotate resources and we argue for the need to merge them. Secondly, we propose a social bookmarking tool merging the flexibility of tags with basic inference processes attached to ontologies. Thus we define the concept of structurable tags which are tags that can be linked through relations while keeping their spontaneous, on-the-fly and aggregative properties

Prevalence of questioning regarding life-sustaining treatment and time utilisation by forgoing treatment in Francophone PICUs

International audiencePURPOSE:Our goal is to assess the prevalence of questioning about the appropriateness of initiating or maintaining life-sustaining treatments (LST) in French-speaking paediatric intensive care units (PICUs) and to evaluate time utilisation related to decision-making processes (DMP).METHODS:18-month, multicentre, prospective, descriptive, observational study in 15 French-speaking PICUs.RESULTS:Among the 5,602 children admitted, 410 died (7.3%), including 175 after forgoing LST (42.7% of deaths). LST was questioned in 308 children (5.5%) with a prevalence of 13.3 per 100 patient-days. More than 30% of children survived despite the appropriateness of LST being questioned (23% despite a decision to forgo treatment). Median caregiver time spent on making and presenting the decisions was 11 h per child.CONCLUSIONS:In this study, on any given day in each 10-bed PICU, there was more than one child for whom a DMP was underway. Of children, 23% survived despite a decision to forgo LST being made, which underlines the need to elaborate a care plan for these children. Also, DMP represented a large amount of staff time that is undervalued but necessary to ensure optimal palliative practice in PICU

Evaluation of three consecutive versions of a commercial rapid PCR test to screen for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.

Screening for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is part of many recommendations to control MRSA. Several rapid PCR tests are available commercially and updated versions are constantly released. We aimed to evaluate the performance of three consecutive versions (G3, Gen3 and NxG) of the XpertMRSA test. Routine samples for MRSA screening were simultaneously tested by culture and rapid PCR. The three versions of XpertMRSA were used successively and compared with culture. A total of 3512, 2794 and 3288 samples were analysed by culture and by the G3, Gen3 and NxG XpertMRSA versions, respectively. The rates of positive-by-culture in the three groups were 5.0%, 4.7% and 4.3%, respectively. The sensitivity improved over time (71.4, 95% CI 64.0-77.9; 82.3, 95% CI 74.4-88.2; and 84.3%, 95% CI 77.0-89.7, respectively), but not significantly. The specificity (98.4, 95% CI 97.9-98.8; 96.8, 95% CI 96.0-97.4; and 99.1, 95% CI 98.7-99.4, respectively) and the positive likelihood ratios (45.7, 95% CI 34.4-60.8; 25.6, 95% CI 20.5-32.0; and 97.1, 95% CI 66.3-142.4) were significantly lower in the Gen3 version (p < 0.00001). These significant differences in performance show the importance of evaluating each new version of a commercial test