Qualitative governing approach of a spark ignition engine using exhaust gas recirculation

AbstractA qualitative governing approach of a Spark Ignition (SI) engine incorporating Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) was studied using AVL Boost. SI engines being quantitatively governed by controlling the quantity of charge inducted, leading to high throttling losses. To qualitatively govern the engine, charge purity was reduced by incorporating EGR, thereby reducing the amount of available oxygen in the charge inducted. The effect of charge dilution is to slow down the flame development and propagation, increasing the combustion durations. A simulation model which includes a curve fit equation to predict the combustion duration and start of combustion was created. The engine could be qualitatively governed by a maximum of 19% EGR, to reduce the brake mean effective pressure (bmep) by 20%. This led to 20% reduction in NOx and CO at full load, with 2.5% increase in brake specific fuel consumption (bsfc), also an increase in HC emissions by 50%

Shaping the Future Generation: Education Works

https://digitalcommons.pcom.edu/bridging_gaps2016/1004/thumbnail.jp

Orthographic and phonological priming effects in the same-different task.

Masked priming tasks have been used widely to study early orthographic processes-the coding of letter position and letter identity. Recently, using masked priming in the same-different task Lupker, Nakayama, and Perea (2015a) reported finding a phonological priming effect with primes presented in Japanese Katakana, and English target words presented in the Roman alphabet, and based on this finding, suggested that previously reported effects in the same-different task in the literature could be based on phonology rather than orthography. In this article, the authors explain why the design of Lupker et al.'s experiment does not address this question; they then report 2 new experiments that do. The results indicate that the priming produced by orthographically similar primes in the same-different task for letter strings presented in the Roman alphabet is almost exclusively orthographic in origin, and phonology makes little contribution. The authors offer an explanation for why phonological priming was observed when the prime and target are presented in different scripts but not when they are presented in the same script. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved)

Prevention of Colorectal Neoplasia

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related morbidity and mortality worldwide. There are well-established screening protocols involving fecal testing, radiographic, and endoscopic evaluations that have led to decreased incidence and mortality of CRC in the United States. In addition to screening for CRC, there is interest in preventing colorectal neoplasia by targeting the signaling pathways that have been identified in the pathway of dysplasia progressing to carcinoma. This review will detail the efficacy of multiple potential preventative strategies including lifestyle changes (physical activity, alcohol use, smoking cessation, and obesity); dietary factors (dietary patterns, calcium, vitamin D, fiber, folate, and antioxidants and micronutrients); and chemopreventive agents (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, statins, metformin, bisphosphonates, and postmenopausal hormonal therapy)

The long term outcomes of children born to mothers with Systemic Lupus Erythematous (SLE)

Introduction: Immunosuppressive agents are commonly used in Systemic Lupus Erythematous (SLE) during pregnancy, to ensure optimum outcome for both mother and child. However there is little literature regarding long term outcomes (LTO) of these children. Aims: This pilot study aims to test the hypothesis that the mother’s medications taken during pregnancy and/or antibodies are associated with an increased risk of adverse outcomes in children born to mothers with lupus. Methods: Women regularly attending specialist UK lupus clinics were identified and consented to take part in this study if they had children up to the age of 17 years born after the diagnosis of SLE. A standard questionnaire developed for this multi-centre study was used to collect the data. Results: In total data were collected for 285 children born to 199 mothers. Neonatal rash, complete heart block or congenital anomalies were each reported in 2% of children, and developmental problems in 17/284(6%). Hospital management was required for infection in 25% (69/274) of children, the only significant risk factors identified were birth weight and maternal aspirin use which are likely to be surrogate markers for more severe maternal disease. Conclusion: This study demonstrated reassuring LTO of children born to mothers with SLE