Populations of super-soft X-ray sources in galaxies of different morphological types

We study populations of soft and super-soft X-ray sources in nearby galaxies of various morphological types with the special emphasis on characterizing populations of stable nuclear burning accreting WDs. Analysing the content of Chandra archive we assembled a sample of nearby galaxies suitable for studying populations of super-soft X-ray sources. Our sample includes 4 spiral galaxies, 2 lenticular galaxies and 3 ellipticals with stellar mass exceeding $10^{10}$ $M_\odot$ and X-ray sensitivity of the order of a ${\rm few}\times 10^{36}$ erg/s. We used combination of hardness ratio and median energy to pre-select X-ray sources with soft spectra, and temperature - X-ray luminosity diagram to identify super-soft X-ray sources - likely nuclear burning accreting white dwarfs. For spiral galaxies, there is a distinct and rare population of super-soft sources, largely detached from the rest of sources on the $kT_{bb}-L_X$ plane. The boundary between these sources and the much more numerous population of harder (but still soft) sources is consistent with the boundary of stable hydrogen burning on the white dwarf surface. Combined spectrum of soft sources located outside this boundary, shows clear emission lines of Mg and S, which equivalent width is similar to that in the combined spectrum of a large number of confirmed supernova remnants in M83. This confirms earlier suggestions that the vast majority of so called quasi-soft sources are supernova remnants. In early-type galaxies, populations of super-soft sources are about a factor of $\approx 8$ less abundant, in broad agreement with the population synthesis calculations. Specific frequencies of super-soft sources are: (2.08$\pm$0.46)$\times10^{-10}$ M$_{\odot}^{-1}$ in spiral galaxies and (2.47$\pm$1.34)$\times10^{-11}$ M$_{\odot}^{-1}$ in lenticular and elliptical galaxies, with the ratio of the latter to the former of $0.12\pm0.05$.Comment: 23 pages, 8 figures. Accepted for publication in A&

Automated Text Translation

The paper analyzed the problem of accessibility of content in other languages, it was found that many content may not be translated into the native language of users who want to access it, but at the same time there are many who want to help other users with this problem. The solution is a special information system that allows you to easily register and create your own translation, in which other users can participate, or join another already created one and help. As a result, the interested user can easily download the translation result and use it at his own discretion. The analysis of business processes for the creation and translation of the text was carried out. Based on this analysis, requirements for a future solution were developed. Business requirements were also identified. Among other things, a system use case model was developed and use case specifications were described. Lists with functional and non-functional requirements have also been developed. The functional model of the system was shown - algorithms: authorization, registration, password recovery, creating a new translation, generating a file with a new translation, generating a list of translations, managing users, viewing a translation, editing a translation text, checking the correctness of a translation, and moderating translations. A class diagram was developed, where you can see the main entities of the system and their relationships. A sequence diagram was also developed. The architecture of the information system was described. The system was implemented using the React.JS library and the Spring framework. The main processes of the system users were also described

Automated test system of internal combustion engines

© Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd. The method of engine test bed control based on fuzzy neural network is considered. The structure of fuzzy neural network to control the engine during the test is suggested

Resonance oscillations of a gas in an open-end pipe in the turbulent regime

Consideration has been given to the theory of oscillating flows in a pipe for the case where turbulence develops monotonically, reaching the pipe axis within a certain period of time after the beginning of acceleration. A mathematical model describing resonance oscillations of this type in an open pipe and consistent with experiment has been constructed. © 2004 Plenum Publishing Corporation

Query Answering over Functional Dependency Repairs

Inconsistency often arises in real-world databases and, as a result, critical queries over dirty data may lead users to make ill-informed decisions. Functional dependencies (FDs) can be used to specify intended semantics of the underlying data and aid with the cleaning task. Enumerating and evaluating all the possible repairs to FD violations is infeasible, while approaches that produce a single repair or attempt to isolate the dirty portion of data are often too destructive or constraining. In this thesis, we leverage a recent advance in data cleaning that allows sampling from a well-defined space of reasonable repairs, and provide the user with a data management tool that gives uncertain query answers over this space. We propose a framework to compute probabilistic query answers as though each repair sample were a possible world. We show experimentally that queries over many possible repairs produce results that are more useful than other approaches and that our system can scale to large datasets

Development of automated test system for diesel engines based on fuzzy logic

© 2016 IEEE.To control a diesel engine during testing, the principles of fuzzy output, which are widely used in fuzzy-logic controller development, could be applied. The controller's main task is to monitor an external object, in which case the behavior of the monitored object is described with the fuzzy rules. The most important application area of the fuzzy set theory is the fuzzy logic controllers. Their operation slightly differs from the operation of common controllers. In order to describe the system, the expert knowledge is used instead of differential equations. Control of the automation systems for engine testing (AST) with the fuzzy-logic controller should be based on a knowledge database with fuzzy rules. Such database could be created with expert knowledge, neural network, or direct measuring method. Development of an adaptive control system for diesel engine testing process based on the fuzzy logic enables simplification of the system's structural components and provision of discrete control procedure with some uninterruptible properties, which could improve the control and reduce the scope of the knowledge database. Fuzzy logic makes it simple to input a priory information about an object in the form of fuzzy control rules into the adaptive control system. Similarity of form and natural language relatively easy allows obtaining necessary expert knowledge. A prior information provides one of the key initial conditions of the system developed according to adaptive control method-the condition of supreme initial adaptation

Parlamentar sérvio de 1889-1893 na reflexão do público ruso

The work is devoted to the description of the events in which in 1889-1893 the development of the parliamentary system of Serbia and the analysis of these events by Russian public opinion took place. The key problem that complicated this process was the different interpretations of the relationship of the constitutional provisions to the functions of state power, which was particularly reflected in the Russian press. These differences led to directly opposite political concepts: the ruling monarchical circles supported a centralized state, a constitutional monarchy in which the monarch unites the Executive and legislative power. Supporters of the Radical party, who at that time were the leading political force, sought to create a state through decentralization and redistribution of power in favor of political parties. At the same time, the authors note the failure and immaturity of the monarchical power in Serbia and its dependence on various groups, most of which had a clearly expressed foreign policy orientation. The modern Russian press mainly shifted all responsibility for the vicious constitutional development to the monarchs, that is, the Obrenovich dynasty. In fact, along with their undisputed responsibility, there were a number of other factors that the authors were trying to understand.El trabajo está dedicado a la descripción de los eventos en los que en 1889-1893 tuvo lugar el desarrollo del sistema parlamentario de Serbia y el análisis de estos eventos por parte de la opinión pública rusa. El problema clave que complicó este proceso fueron las diferentes interpretaciones de la relación de las disposiciones constitucionales con las funciones del poder estatal, lo que se reflejó particularmente en la prensa rusa. Estas diferencias condujeron a conceptos políticos directamente opuestos: los círculos monárquicos gobernantes apoyaban un estado centralizado, una monarquía constitucional en la que el monarca une el poder ejecutivo y legislativo. Los partidarios del partido radical, que en ese momento eran la fuerza política líder, buscaron crear un estado a través de la descentralización y la redistribución del poder a favor de los partidos políticos. Al mismo tiempo, los autores señalan el fracaso y la inmadurez del poder monárquico en Serbia y su dependencia de varios grupos, la mayoría de los cuales tenían una orientación de política exterior claramente expresada. La prensa rusa moderna principalmente transfirió toda la responsabilidad del desarrollo constitucional vicioso a los monarcas, es decir, la dinastía Obrenovich. De hecho, junto con su responsabilidad indiscutible, había una serie de otros factores que los autores intentaban comprender.O trabalho é dedicado à descrição dos eventos nos quais em 1889-1893 o desenvolvimento do sistema parlamentar da Sérvia e a análise destes eventos pela opinião pública russa se realizou. O principal problema que complicou esse processo foram as diferentes interpretações da relação entre as disposições constitucionais e as funções do poder estatal, o que se refletiu particularmente na imprensa russa. Essas diferenças levaram a conceitos políticos diretamente opostos: os círculos monárquicos dominantes apoiavam um estado centralizado, uma monarquia constitucional em que o monarca une o poder executivo e legislativo. Os defensores do partido Radical, que naquela época era a principal força política, procuraram criar um Estado através da descentralização e redistribuição de poder em favor dos partidos políticos. Ao mesmo tempo, os autores observam o fracasso e imaturidade do poder monárquico na Sérvia e sua dependência de vários grupos, a maioria dos quais tinha uma orientação clara da política externa. A moderna imprensa russa mudou principalmente toda a responsabilidade pelo desenvolvimento constitucional vicioso para os monarcas, isto é, a dinastia Obrenovich. De fato, junto com sua responsabilidade indiscutível, havia vários outros fatores que os autores estavam tentando entender

State policy of primary and secondary education of the republic of India in relation to the poorest strata of society in 1992-2002

© the author(s). The importance of the problem is determined by the fact that since the time India had got its independence the problem of poverty in the country remains to be a matter of serious concern. Social inequality in the researched country in a certain way affects its system of education. Therefore, the main aim of this article is to describe the state policy of primary and secondary education of the Republic of India in relation to the poorest segments of society at the turn of XX-XXI centuries and to identify its main results. The leading method of the study of this problem is the historical-comparative. This method allows to compare the data of governmental programs in primary and secondary education among the poorest segments of the population on the basis of historical sources and identify the dynamics of growth or decline of literacy among the Indian population. The article presents the results suggestive of the effect of economic, cultural and mental processes which took place in the Republic of India at the turn of XX-XXI centuries on the level of accessibility of public education and literacy of the Indians. Moreover, particular features of the most important national programs in the sphere of primary and secondary education were disclosed in the 8th and 9th Five Year Plans. The content of this article may be useful for the study of the institutional history of education as well as for contemporary public debate on the role and effectiveness of governmental programs in primary and secondary education

Anthroponyms in book scribes of Kazan region (16th-17th centuries)

Regional written records are a valuable source for the study of nominal and onomastic vocabulary, their materials are important for a wide range of humanitarian and social sciences, including historical lexicology. At present time the task of inventory, registration, study and description of these source data is extremely urgent. The article presented the results of anthroponimics multiaspect research on the basis of a consolidated body of more than 880 Kazan region written business records of XVI-XVII centuries (with more than 1 million of word use): the peculiarities of calendar and non-calendar proper name use and their structure are analyzed, the regional specifics of onomastic material, its place in the analyzed sources, the historical and linguistic descriptiveness of anthroponymics, the opportunities and the prospects of obtained data use in the study of various types are revealed. The analysis of person naming patterns in involved records showed the predominance of twocomponent naming model. The findings results confirm the value of the dialect material for the detection and identification of onomastic vocabulary prototype words. The materials of Kazan region scribal descriptions (which are a massive census of Muscovite Russia for further taxation) allow to deepen the history of a nominal word existence; to identify appellatives not reflected in the historical dictionaries of Russian language

Influence of the open end geometry on resonance oscillations of a gas in a tube

Resonance oscillations of a gas in an open-ended tube of different geometry are investigated. The calculation is made by means of a one-parametric model using the experimental data for a pointed end and flanged ends. The distributions of the absolute values for dimensionless amplitudes of gas velocity and pressure variations along the tube are presented. The theoretical calculations are compared with the experimental results. © 2010 Allerton Press, Inc