Individual variation in fear behaviour

Individual variation in behaviour adds another layer of complexity to studies of animal responses to fear and risk, but when individual responses are consistent, and correlated with other behaviours, these patterns can provide a structure that furthers our understanding. I interpret Beauchamp’s review of vigilance and fear from the perspective of my own studies of elk personality. Wild elk responses to changing stimuli (benign or aversive) illustrate how personality is a key factor in explaining variation in vigilance and fear behavior. Personality even influences how wildlife can learn to assess risk and adjust their fear responses accordingly

Smartphone enabled design: utilising unique markers for re-imagining Ming vases

The conceptual relationship explored is the comparison between this place “here” (A) and this place “there” (B). Each place has specific characteristics that differentiate it from everywhere else. Perhaps most significantly of all, is geographical position; this place (here) and this (an)other place (here) are, by definition, in different locations. Inspired by research into mobile music, which allows for the creative process to take place anywhere, at any time, this paper explores the use of smartphones as a tool for 3D sketching ideas for ceramic vessels. For “In This Place”, the intention is to employ an innovative approach to design, utilising smartphone devices to gather and process location specific data to create a series of unique, singular forms. The resulting digital models can then be 3D printed. As well as exploring a new design process, this allows for a kind of collaboration, as users in different locations contribute to designing the complete series of vessels. Specifically, the aim is to reimagine a ‘pseudo Ming’ dynasty-era vase form, whereby the vessel has a central, vertical division. One half is redesigned by each user “here”, and becomes a unique redesign of the vessel, subtly different to all others designed in their own “here”

Sustaining a lean ideology

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the interface between Lean strategy and organisational transformation, by scrutinising the literature on why Lean strategies fail to be implemented and/or sustained. Design/methodology/approach As a conceptual and research paper it develops a hypothesis. It encompasses philosophical discussions and comparative studies of others' work and Lean thinking alongside its links to the principles, ideology, philosophy and the underpinning values. The search involved a total of 1,931 articles spanning across 75 different journals. The content analysis approach suggested by Mayring (2004) was selected. Findings Successfully implementing Lean is more complex than often recognized within literature and the alignment between strategy and organisational transformation is repeatedly not undertaken. The investigation indicates policy makers need to view Lean as an ideology and not simply another process. Research limitations/implications This paper addresses the inaccurate representation which exists of the concept of Lean as a strategy. Whilst a major evolution has occurred comprising the inputs 2 perceived as imperative for Lean success, a translucent empathy of its philosophy alongside an acknowledgement of the magnitude of the change and transformation necessary has been comparatively perplexing. This paper has implications for academic scholars of strategy and organisational change as well as for practitioners seeking to implement organisational change. Originality/value Empirical evidence suggests that most Lean strategies struggle. Customers are becoming more demanding, markets are becoming more customised, and product life-cycles getting shorter are dictating that Lean needs to be embraced as an ideology

Lost and Found Cafe Coleraine Menu 2017

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Customizing personal objects: a pilot study using a smartphone to "design" a mini vase

This research tests a prototype design application (app) that uses real time sensor data, captured and processed via a smartphone, to generate a series of unique vase forms. Smartphone technology, with the support of embedded sensors, the app, and 3D printing processes, are applied in the design and instantiation of the vases. The users' feedback on the complete process is also examined. The research found that the described design process could be successfully applied to the design, and ultimately manufacture, of unique vase forms. Users stated that the app was easy to use, and allowed them to create intriguing forms they could not otherwise design. While both designers and non-designers found the app usable, they had different expectations from it. This uncovered areas where future iterations of the app could be improved

Condition monitoring for airport baggage handling in the area of industry 4.0

Purpose: The findings of a recent study are presented, which was conducted with the objective of addressing the problem of the failure of baggage carts within the high-speed baggage tunnel at Heathrow Terminal 5 through the development of an innovative condition-based maintenance system designed to meet the requirements of 21st century airport systems and Industry 4.0. Methodology: An empirical experimental approach to this action research was taken to install a vibration condition monitoring pilot test in the north tunnel at Terminal 5. Vibration data were collected over a 6-month period and analysed to determine the threshold for good quality tyres and those with worn bearings that needed replacing. The results were compared with existing measures to demonstrate that vibration monitoring could be used as a predictive model for condition-based maintenance. Findings: The findings demonstrated a clear trend of increasing vibration velocity with age, with the wheel mass unbalanced inertia of the carts being transmitted to the tracks as vibration. This research demonstrates that a healthy wheel produces a vibration of less than 60mm/s whereas a damaged wheel measures up to 100 mm/s peak to peak velocity, which can be used in real-time condition monitoring to prevent baggage cart failure. It can also run as an autonomous system linked to AI and Industry 4.0 airport logic. Originality/Value: Whilst vibration monitoring has been used to measure movement in static structures, such as bridges, and in rotating machinery, such as railway wheels (Tondon and Choudhury, 1999) this application is unique as it is the first time vibration monitoring has been applied to a stationary structure (tracks) carrying high-speed rotating machinery (baggage cart wheels). This technique has been patented and proven in the pilot study and is in the process of being rolled out across all Heathrow terminal connection tunnels. It has implications for all other airports world-wide, and also to other applications that rely on moving conveyor belts

KINEMATICS TECHNIQUES DIFFERENCES IN SELECTED HORIZONTAL BAR MANEUVERS

Performance on the horizontal bars largely depends on swings which are fundamental to executing various skills. The kinematics of swings plays an important role in preliminary execution to predetermine the skill performed, thus, swings may differ from one performing skill to another. The purpose of this study was to investigate the technical differences of the swings when the gymnast performs three different skills on the horizontal bars. these are:1) the backward giant swing (BGS); 2) tkatchev (TC); 3) double back somersault dismount (DBSD)

Failure demand: a concept evaluation in UK primary care

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to assess failure demand as a lean concept that assists in waste analysis during quality improvement activity. The authors assess whether the concept’s limited use is a missed opportunity to help us understand improvement priorities, given that a UK Government requirement for public service managers to report failure demand has been removed. Design/methodology/approach The authors look at the literature across the public sector and then apply the failure demand concept to the UK’s primary healthcare system. The UK National Health Service (NHS) demand data are analysed and the impact on patient care is elicited from patient interviews. Findings The study highlighted the concept’s value, showing how primary care systems often generate failure demand partly owing to existing demand and capacity management practices. This demand is deflected to other systems, such as the accident and emergency department, with a considerable detrimental impact on patient experience. Research limitations/implications More research is needed to fully understand how best to exploit the failure demand concept within wider healthcare as there are many potential barriers to its appropriate and successful application. Practical implications The authors highlight three practical barriers to using failure demand: first, demand within the healthcare system is poorly understood; second, systems improvement understanding is limited; and third, need to apply the concept for improvement and not just for reporting purposes. Originality/value The authors provide an objective and independent insight into failure demand that has not previously been seen in the academic literature, specifically in relation to primary healthcare

How did the publication of the book The Machine That Changed The World change management thinking? Exploring 25 years of lean literature

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to take a critical, analytical approach to explore the growth and spread of lean through the academic and practitioner community over the last twenty-five years. Design/methodology/approach A comprehensive and systematic review of the extant of literature of lean was undertaken. The review spans from 1988 to 2013. To enable us to effectively manage and understand the diffusion of this set of literature a database, the Lean Publications Database (LPD), was constructed. Findings Lean has evolved to be one of the best-known, yet fiercely debated, process improvement methodologies. It emerged during a proliferation of such methodologies in business and management literature. Lean has developed from a generic description of Toyota Production System (TPS) to a particular type of organizational and management intervention focused on best practice and process improvement methodologies. Research limitations/implications This paper provides the first comprehensive review of the Lean literature, from the perspective of Lean as the unit of analysis. It covers both sides of the academic debate and categories the progression of Lean from its origins as a generic description of TPS to a movement that has change management systems in many and diverse sectors. Practical implications This paper demonstrates how Lean research, application and thinking has evolved over 25 years from its origins in explaining the performance improvements in Japanese auto-manufacturing to a holistic value system that is applicable to all business sectors, both private and public. Originality/value This study is original in that provides a different perspective to that of most previous studies. In most empirical studies on Lean, the unit of analysis is the organisation. However, in this study, the unit of analysis is the Lean phenomenon itself and represents a first step to developing an underpinning theory of Lean by linking it to the theory of swift, even flow (Schmenner and Swink, 1998), as such, it of interest to academics in the field of operations management and contributes to knowledge. It is also likely to be of interest to policy makers. Considerable amounts of public money have been spent, and continue to be spent, on promoting Lean. Taxpayers and policymakers are likely to be interested in whether that expenditure is justifiable. Twenty-five years of publications have been analysed to provide clarity around this popular approach to improvement