Первоначальное распространение человека с анатомически современным строением в северной Евразии

The initial dispersal of anatomically modern humans (AMH) in Africa occurred during a hyperarid event of 135-75 ka. Large-scale AMH expansion in northern Eurasia occurred during the Middle Weichselian glacial maximum (60-50 ka), coeval with H6 event. This expansion which included the polar regions and southern Siberia proceeded at a remarkably rapid pace, suggesting the entire area being taken up by uniform ‘periglacial’ landscape, equally suitable for AMH habitation. The ‘transitional’ industries (combining Mousterian and Upper Palaeolithic elements) are seen archaeological signatures of early AMH expansion.Изначальное распространение анатомически современного человека (АСЧ) в Африке произошло во время Древней мегазасухи 135-75 тысяч лет назад. Интенсивное заселение АСЧ северной Евразии происходило максимум в эпоху среднего валдайского оледенения (60-50 тыс. лет назад) одновременно с событием Н6 (глобальным потеплением). Это заселение затронуло также северные регионы и южную Сибирь и протекало с поразительной скоростью, предположительно вся территория стала одинаково перигляциальной и равноценно подходящей для заселения АСЧ. «Переходные» виды деятельности (совмещают мустьерские и верхнепалеолитические элементы) несут в себе археологические свидетельства раннего распространения АСЧ

北ユーラシアにおける先史人類の移住拡散

The distribution of frequencies of radiocarbon-dated Palaeolithic sites in northern Eurasia shows peaks culminating at 40-30 thousand, 24-18 thousand, and 17-11 thousand years before the present. These peaks are viewed as reflecting the waves in the colonization of that area by Anatomically Modern Humans, originally stemming from Africa and Western Asia. The waves of colonization were triggered by environmental stress that became particularly acute in western Eurasia during the Last Glaciation maximum. The expansion of the mating networks aimed at the avoidance of inbreeding was the primary mechanism of migration. The population of AMH spreading in the eastern direction included “softened” Mongoloid elements. The “dialectal continuum” consisting of Proto-Uralic, Proto-Altaic and Palaeo-Siberianrelated languages formed the principal communication media of Early Modern Humans in northern Eurasia

Funeral Meal and Anthropophagy in Gumelniţa Chalcolithic Civilization in the North-western Black Sea area

The Gumelnitsa chalcolithic civilization appeared at the beginning of V millennium BC in border of Black Sea between the Danube and the Dniepr, is known for the wealth of its domestic religious figurines. It is also characterized by a dispersal of numerous human, split up rests, with tracks of cuts, harvested as well in the domestic pits as between houses. The hypothesis of anthropophagic practices is the explanation most frequently reserved, but it missed proofs and especially a meaning. The discovery in 1999 of a parietal bone in a domestic pit in Bolgrad archaeological site, situated on the border of Yaplug lake in Ukraine, allows to confirm the hypothesis. Tracks of preparation with the usage of an awl, allow reconstituting the first stages of the rite, that of an anthropophagic funeral meal probably organized around the members of a family. The anatomical knowledge revealed by tracks also allows envisaging the existence of a social caste characterized by a double function of therapist and priest in relation with magic-religious practices